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A severe outbreak of psoroptic mange in beef cattle is described. Up to half the animals in some groups were extensively affected and debilitated. Performance was poor with days to slaughter weight increased. Ivermectin was the most effective form of treatment. The possible origin of the infestation and the ways of controlling the condition are discussed. 相似文献
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Cadiergues MC Laguerre C Roques M Franc M 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):151-154
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of 2 deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrates that differed on the basis of vehicle (methyl glycol acetate [AMG] or 2-propylene glycol 1-methyl ether acetate [AMP]) for the treatment of sheep with mange. ANIMALS: 30 ewes between 11 months and 7 years old that weighed 16 to 71 kg and were naturally infested with Psoroptes ovis. PROCEDURE: Sheep were randomly allocated into 3 groups (13 sheep in group AMP, 13 sheep in group AMG, and 4 negative-control sheep). Each sheep was dipped twice (10-day interval between dippings) in the assigned formulation. Assessment of efficacy was performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 after the first dipping. Efficacy was assessed by determining the number of eggs or live mites on those days, as well as regrowth of wool at the end of the study. RESULTS: Psoroptic mange infestation was maintained in the 4 control sheep throughout the study. We did not detect live Psoroptes mites in scrapings after day 7 (AMP group) or after day 14 (AMG group). No parasites were seen after day 14 in either treatment group. Therefore, efficacy was 100% for both treatment groups from days 14 to 63. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The 2 formulations of deltamethrin were equally able to eradicate Psoroptes infestation of sheep after 2 dippings performed in accordance with the label recommendations. 相似文献
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Concentration of ivermectin in bovine serum and its effect on the fecundity of psoroptic mange mites
The concentration-time profile of ivermectin in serum was determined for 3 Hereford heifers. The mean maximum serum concentration, 29 ng of ivermectin/ml, was obtained 48 hours after single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The fecundity of mites placed on 9 treated animals at 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after injection was reduced by 96% to 99%. At 24 days after treatment, when serum concentration had decreased to about 2 ng/ml, the capability of mites to produce eggs increased to 50% of mites from nontreated calves. At 27 and 30 days after the drug was injected, egg production by mites on treated calves was equivalent to that of mites on nontreated calves. The reduced fecundity resulted from an almost complete cessation of oviposition by females after only a 1-day exposure to ivermectin-treated calves. 相似文献
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Lifschitz A Pis A Alvarez L Virkel G Sanchez S Sallovitz J Kujanek R Lanusse C 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1999,22(1):27-34
The vehicle in which endectocide compounds are formulated plays a relevant role in their absorption kinetics and resultant systemic availability. The pharmaceutical bioequivalence and comparative plasma disposition kinetics of ivermectin (IVM), following the subcutaneous administration of two injectable formulations to pigs and cattle were investigated using parallel experimental designs. Sixteen parasite-free male Duroc Jersey-Yorkshire crossbred pigs (90-110 kg) (Expt 1) and 16 parasite-free male Holstein calves (100-120 kg) (Expt 2) were divided into two groups and treated subcutaneously at either 300 (pigs) or 200 (calves) microg/kg with two different propylene glycol/glycerol formal (60: 40) based IVM formulations; in both experiments pigs or calves in Group A received the test (IVM-TEST) formulation and those in Group B were treated with the reference formulation (IVM-CONTROL). Heparinized blood samples were taken from 0 h up to either 20 (pigs) or 30 (calves) days post-treatment and plasma was extracted, derivatized and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection. Early detection of IVM (12 h) with a peak plasma concentration (C(max)) between 33 and 39 ng/mL was observed in pigs. The drug was detected in plasma up to 20 days post-administration of either formulation, resulting in elimination half-lives between 3.47 and 3.80 days. There were no differences between the IVM-TEST and IVM-CONTROL formulations in the kinetic parameters (except t(max)) obtained in pigs. IVM was detected in plasma between 12 h and 30 days post-administration of both formulations under investigation in cattle. The plasma disposition kinetics of IVM in calves was similar following treatment with both formulations. C(max) values (between 40.5 and 46.4 ng/mL) were achieved at 2 days post-administration of both formulations. None of the estimated kinetic parameters were statistically different between drug formulations. The injectable IVM formulations investigated were bioequivalent after their subcutaneous administration to both pigs and calves at recommended dose rates. 相似文献
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The efficacy of injectable and pour-on formulations of moxidectin against lice on cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. CHICK D. MCDONALD† R. COBB† PJ KIERAN§ I. WOOD¶ 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(6):212-213
SUMMARY The efficacy of one administration of moxidectin against natural infestations of the 3 common species of cattle lice in Australia: Linognathus vitull, Damallnla bovls and Haematoplnus eurysternus, was determined. A high degree of control of L vituli (too long-nosed sucking louse) was achieved with both the cattle Injection (96.7% and 100%) at 0.2 mg/kg and the cattle pour-on formulation (94.6% and 100%) at 0.5 mg/kg on the 2 farms where this louse occurred. An Injection of moxidectin at 0.2 mg/kg did not eliminate D bovis. In these trials efficacy ranged from nll to 85.2%. In contrast the pour-on formulation at 0.5 mg/kg provided consistently high efficacy (83.6 to 100%) against D bovis on 3 farms. Infestations of H eurysternus (the short-nosed sucking louse) were low and no significant difference was recorded between treatment groups In a single trial, however, lice persisted on 3 to 7 cattle In the untreated group at each Inspection, whereas none were found on any animals in the 2 groups treated with moxidectin on Inspection after treatment. 相似文献
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A test was begun in November 1982 to evaluate the development of Psoroptes ovis, the severity of psoroptic mange of cattle, and the incidence of transfer of P. ovis from artificially infested cattle to non-infested cattle held in feed lots in either an endemic (Bushland, TX) or non-endemic region (Kerrville, TX). The 2 herds each consisted of 24 Hereford steers. The 24 steers were randomly assigned to 3 pens of 8 steers per pen. Two steers from each pen that were randomly selected were artificially exposed to ca. 1000 P. ovis (AINF). The development of mange on these 6 AINF steers and the incidence of transfer to the other steers (INF) were monitored approximately every 3 weeks for 17 weeks. The 6 AINF steers at Bushland (endemic region) developed significantly more lesions than the 6 AINF steers at Kerrville. Three AINF steers in Bushland died from hypothermia and mange while no deaths were recorded at Kerrville. The numbers of mites sampled from affected skin areas of AINF steers from both regions were not significantly different. All 18 of the naturally exposed steers (INF) in Bushland contracted mange; whereas, only 9 INF steers in Kerrville did. The severity (% lesions) and number of mites per sample from affected skin were significantly greater on the INF steers in Bushland. These differences among INF steers in Bushland and Kerrville may be attributed to the higher level of parasitism attained in Bushland on the AINF steers. We propose that the extremely cold weather in Bushland contributed to the greater level of parasitism attained on AINF steers in Bushland by stressing the host steers. 相似文献
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Comparative cost-effectiveness of ivermectin versus topical organophosphate in feedlot yearlings
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Schunicht OC Guichon PT Booker CW Jim GK Wildman BK Ward TI Bauck SW Gross SJ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(3):220-224
A replicated-pen field trial was performed under commercial feedlot conditions in western Canada to determine the cost-effectiveness of administering ivermectin to yearling beef cattle upon entry to the feedlot after the grazing season, and to establish the level of trichostrongylid gastrointestinal parasite infection in this population, as estimated by fecal egg counts. Six thousand eight hundred and eighty-three, mixed breed, yearling steers were randomly allocated upon arrival at the feedlot to one of 2 experimental groups as follows: Ivermectin, which received topical ivermectin (0.5%) at the rate of 1.0 mL/10 kg body weight; or Fenthion, which received topical fenthion (20%) at the rate of 12 mL/295 kg body weight. There were 15 pens in each experimental group. Final weight, weight gain, average daily gain, and dry matter intake to gain ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the Ivermectin group as compared with the Fenthion group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in initial weight, days on feed, or daily dry matter intake between the experimental groups. The geometric mean fecal egg counts at the time of allocation were 14.7 eggs/5 g and 16.6 eggs/5 g for the Ivermectin and Fenthion groups, respectively (P > or = 0.05). There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in morbidity or mortality between the experimental groups. In the economic analysis, the significant improvements in feedlot performance in the Ivermectin group resulted in a net economic advantage of $4.20 CDN per animal. 相似文献
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F C Wright 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,34(4):289-294
A macrocyclic lactone, LL-F28249 alpha, C36H52O8, was evaluated as a one- or two-injection treatment in different formulations and concentrations against cattle infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering). One injection of 2 mg kg-1 or two injections of 1 mg kg-1 of 3% active material in either an aqueous or oil formulation failed to eliminate all of the mites. A single injection of 3 mg kg-1 as a 5% aqueous formulation eliminated all mites for 35 days post-injection. At lower dosages of the aqueous formulation (3%), the male mites appeared to be less susceptible to the acaricide than either the female or immature mites. 相似文献
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Evaluation of the persistent efficacy of doramectin and ivermectin injectable against Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora in cattle 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vercruysse J Dorny P Claerebout E Demeulenaere D Smets K Agneessens J 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(1-2):63-69
The persistent efficacy of doramectin and ivermectin injectable against moderate and high infection levels of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were evaluated in cattle. Calves were allocated to six groups of six animals. On Day 0 animals of Groups I1/I2 and D1/D2 were treated with 0.2mg/kg ivermectin and doramectin injectable, respectively. Animals of the C1, I1 and D1 groups received a daily (moderate) infection of 1000 L3 of O. ostertagi and 1000 L3 of C. oncophora, and animals of the C2, I2 and D2 groups received a daily (high) infection of 10,000 L3 of each species. The animals were infected for 21 days with both species, the infections with C. oncophora and O. ostertagi started from Days 8 and 15 post treatment, respectively. Animals were necropsied on Day 40. The calculation of the persistent activity of ivermectin and doramectin was based on the efficacy against the different developmental and adult stages of both parasites. The present study confirmed that infection levels may influence the duration of persistent efficacy of an anthelmintic. Doramectin had at the moderate infection level a persistent efficacy of at least 35 days against O. ostertagi and at least 28 days against C. oncophora; at the high infection dose persistent efficacy was somewhat shorter i.e. up to 33 days and approximately 28 days, respectively. The duration of persistent efficacy of ivermectin against O. ostertagi at the moderate infection level was between 14 and 25 days, at the high dose level up to 25 days. Persistent efficacy of ivermectin against C. oncophora could, at both infection doses, not be measured, with the present experimental design. 相似文献
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Dermatobia hominis, the tropical warble fly, is one of the most important ectoparasites of cattle in Latin America. The results of five trials conducted in Paraguay, Brazil and Colombia showed that ivermectin administered subcutaneously at a dose level of 200 mcg/kg body weight was highly effective against the three larval stages of D. hominis in cattle. 相似文献
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T M Craig T Qureshi D K Miller C G Wade J A Rogers 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(7):1170-1171
Albendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered as a drench suspension or as a feed additive to 24 cattle with naturally acquired infections of Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna. Cattle were euthanatized 16 to 30 days after treatment, and the number of viable flukes was counted. Viable F hepatica and F magna were decreased by 91.4% and 70.6% for drench administration and by 82.9% and 71.9% for the feed additive treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of the 2 formulations in decreasing viable fluke numbers, compared with untreated controls. 相似文献
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Lifschitz A Sallovitz J Imperiale F Pis A Jauregui Lorda J Lanusse C 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,119(2-3):247-257
The plasma concentration profiles of four randomly chosen ivermectin (IVM) generic formulations (IVM G1-G4) were compared after their subcutaneous (SC) administration to healthy calves. The disposition of other avermectin-type endectocide compounds, doramectin (DRM) and abamectin (ABM), was also assessed in the same pharmacokinetic trial. Forty-two parasite-free Aberdeen Angus male calves were randomly allocated into six treatment groups. Animals in each group (n = 7) received SC treatment (200 microg/kg) with one of the commercially available endectocide formulation used in the trial. Blood samples were taken into heparinised vacutainer tubes from the jugular vein prior to and up to 35 days post-treatment. The recovered plasma was analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Large kinetic differences were observed among the DRM, ABM and IVM formulations under evaluation. The DRM plasma concentration profiles were higher than those measured for ABM and all the IVM generic formulations. The higher and sustained plasma concentrations of DRM accounted for greater area under concentration-time curve (AUC) and longer mean residence time (MRT) values compared to those obtained for both ABM and the IVM generic preparations. The pattern of IVM absorption from the site of subcutaneous administration showed differences among the generic formulations under evaluation. The IVM G2 preparation showed higher peak plasma concentration and AUC values (P < 0.05) compared to those obtained after the administration of the IVM G1 formulation. Longer (P < 0.05) MRT values were obtained after the administration of the IVM G3 compared to other IVM generic preparations. The kinetic behaviour of ABM did not show significant differences with that described for most of the IVM formulations. This study demonstrates that major differences on drug kinetic behaviour may be observed when using different endectocide injectable formulations in cattle. 相似文献
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Yazwinski TA Williams JC Smith LL Tucker C Loyacano AF Derosa A Peterson P Bruer DJ Delay RL 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,137(3-4):273-285
The effectiveness, safety and production-enhancing benefit (improved weight gains) of moxidectin long-acting injection given subcutaneously in the ear at the rates of 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg bw were evaluated in three studies under common protocol. The only adverse reaction to treatment was a mild (<2 tablespoons in volume), and for the most part transient (<28 days for the treatment rate of 1.0mg/kg bw) injection site swelling as noted in a minority of the animals (12.2% of the animals treated at the rate of 1.0mg/kg bw). Regardless of study site, post-treatment interval or dose rate, average daily gains were improved over control cattle by approximately 33%. Reductions in strongyle EPG counts relative to controls were > or = 90% for all dose rates of moxidectin for a post-treatment period of 42 days (Wisconsin), 84 days (Arkansas) and 140 days (Louisiana). In Arkansas and Louisiana, the majority (>80%) of post-treatment strongyle eggs, as determined by coproculture, were Cooperia spp. As determined by sequential necropsies, periods of continuous, post-treatment protection (> or = 90% efficacy in at least two out of three studies) for moxidectin long-acting injection given at the rate of 1.0 mg/kg bw were 90 days (adult Haemonchus spp.), 120 days (Dictyocaulus viviparus and adult Ostertagia and Oesophagostomum) and 150 days (Ostertagia spp. EL4). 相似文献