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以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌作为对象菌,利用抑菌圈试验法研究了蜂王浆抗革兰氏阳性菌的特性。实验结果表明:蜂王浆对3种供试革兰氏阳性菌都具有抑制作用,其抑菌活性随浓度的增加而增加;在所试验的pH值范围内(3.0-9.0),蜂王浆对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄都表现出了抑制作用,而只有当pH值分别为9,4,3时才对四联球菌表现出抑制作用。蜂王浆的抑菌活性随贮存温度和贮存时间的变化而变化,在-20℃~25℃时贮藏15d后,蜂王浆对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性能将会明显下降;在-20℃贮藏25d后以及在5℃、15℃、25℃贮藏15d后,蜂王浆对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性会显著下降;蜂王浆对于四联球菌的抑制作用似乎更稳定,在所试验的温度范围及时间范围内,其抑菌活性未出现显著下降。蜂王浆的抗菌成分主要是醚溶物和水溶物,而醚水不溶物不具有抑菌活性。该结果对蜂王浆抗菌物质的进一步开发利用提供了前期基础。 相似文献
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采用抑菌圈实验方法测定不同蜜粉源植物蜂王浆对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌作用。试验用蜂王浆分别是产浆型意蜂和产蜜型意蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆和荆条蜂王浆;受试菌株包括革兰氏阳性细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性细菌(沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌)。研究结果显示:油菜蜂王浆对革兰氏阳性菌有明显的抗菌作用,且产浆型意蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆对受试细菌的抑菌效果优于产蜜型意蜂品系所产油菜蜂王浆,两种意大利蜂所产的油菜蜂王浆对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用优于枯草芽孢杆菌;油菜蜂王浆对革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌作用也较强,两种蜂王浆对沙门氏菌的抑菌效果优于大肠杆菌;产浆型意蜂所产的荆条蜂王浆对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果均高于产蜜型意蜂所产的荆条蜂王浆,然而,二者的抑菌效果弱于油菜蜂王浆。研究表明,不同蜜粉源植物的蜂王浆抗菌效果不同,油菜蜂王浆对受试革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌效果均比荆条蜂王浆强,产浆型意蜂所产的蜂王浆对受试菌的抗菌效果优于产蜜型意蜂所产的蜂王浆。 相似文献
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对筛选出的一株枯草芽孢杆菌进行生物学特性研究。将枯草芽孢杆菌全菌液、上清液及超声波菌体分别进行抑制黄曲霉菌生长试验和降解黄曲霉毒素解毒效率,并进行抑制大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌试验,以及耐酸、耐胆盐、胃肠耐受能力和温度敏感试验。结果表明该株枯草芽孢杆菌超声波菌体对黄曲霉生长具有明显抑制作用,对黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素G1和黄曲霉毒素M1的降解活性分别为75%、70%和62%,而全菌液和上清液效果较差。对大肠杆菌和沙门菌抑菌效果较好,对金黄色葡萄球菌较差,能够耐酸、耐胆盐、胃肠耐受能力和耐高温。试验对该株枯草芽孢杆菌应用临床提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(18)
为了研究芽孢杆菌制剂对兔致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌的抑制作用,试验采用琼脂扩散的方法测定枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌制剂培养液分别与兔致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌共同培养后产生抑菌圈的大小。结果表明:从枯草芽孢杆菌制剂分离出的3种菌落的培养液对致病性兔大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌生长均有抑制作用,但是抑菌活性有差异性。凝结芽孢杆菌制剂分离出的3种菌落培养液中,仅有2种菌落培养液对兔致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌生长均有抑制作用,另外1种仅对部分兔致病性大肠杆菌生长有抑制作用,对兔致病性沙门氏杆菌生长无抑制作用。说明芽孢杆菌制剂确实对兔致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏杆菌的生长有抑制作用,但是抑制强度有差异。 相似文献
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本试验旨在检测2株枯草芽孢杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌抑菌作用。以致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌作为指示菌,采用2株枯草芽孢杆菌与大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌同时接种及先后接种的方法,对其与大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的生物颉颃作用进行了研究。结果表明,先接种枯草芽孢杆菌再接种致病菌抑制作用最明显且在24 h时抑菌作用最强,同时接种枯草芽孢杆菌和致病菌抑制作用次之,先接种致病菌再接种枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最弱。提示,2株枯草芽孢杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌都有一定的抑制作用,但抑制作用的强弱有差异,且与枯草芽孢杆菌和致病菌接种的时间长短有关。 相似文献
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《现代畜牧兽医》2021,(8)
试验以琼脂孔洞法测定中药水提物对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果,二倍稀释法确定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并测定不同pH值条件下的抑菌作用。结果表明:在中药浓度为1 g/mL的情况下,艾叶、虎杖、乳香、麻黄对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别为25.10、19.26、28.92、21.66 mm;艾叶、虎杖、乳香、麻黄对枯草芽孢杆菌的体外MIC分别为15.62、31.25、3.90、125.00 g/L;MBC分别为62.50、125.00、15.62、250.00 g/L。艾叶、虎杖、乳香、麻黄在pH值为3~7时,对枯草芽孢杆菌仍具有高的抑菌活性。这4种中药可有效抑制和杀灭枯草芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献