家猫非繁殖季节诱导发情配种后排卵时间的确定

作者尝试在非繁殖季节应用外源促性腺激素对家猫进行人工诱导发情,并判断其较为准确的排卵时间。试验采用PMSG两次注射法对雌性家猫进行诱导发情,注射总剂量为150 IU,PMSG处理后的第6 d肌肉注射hCG（100 IU/只）并合笼配种。分别于合笼后的24、30、36 h手术法摘除家猫卵巢及输卵管部,观察记录卵巢排卵情况并对排卵侧的输卵管进行冲胚。试验结果显示,利用外源性促性腺激素可使家猫在非繁殖季节发情,且排卵时间范围为合笼配种后30 h左右。     

Follicular Dynamics, Ovulation and Conception Rates in Bitches

Real-time ultrasound imaging was used in a clinical study to estimate the number of follicles of different sizes, ovulation and conception rates, and to study follicle dynamics following oestrus-induction of bitches.
Follicles were identified during late anoestrus (between 100 and 60 days prior to the pre-ovulatory LH surge) and there appeared to be a shift in the population from small follicles (1–3 mm in diameter) to large follicles (>4 mm diameter) approximately 2 days prior to the LH surge. Corpora lutea could be reliably identified although the majority were cavitated. High ovulation rates (97–100%) and pregnant rates (86–100%) were detected, and although the conception rate was approximately 70% it varied between 8 and 92%. Within the narrow range of the clinical population studied there were trends relating age to reproduction performance. Oestrus induction with a gonadotrophin regime appeared to result in large numbers of small follicles that did not ovulate, whilst when using cabergoline the number of small and large follicels and the number of copora lutea were similar to those of control cycles.     

Follicular Development and Ovulation in Sows: Effect of hCG and GnRH Treatment

Follicular growth, chronology of ovulation and embryo morphology were compared in sows ovulating spontaneously and sows, in which the ovulation was attempted induced by hCG or GnRH.Indwelling catheters were placed on day 1 (weaning = day 0) in the ear veins of 18 sows, which were then randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (N = 6), a group (N = 6) given 750 iu hCG (Physex®) im 76h after weaning (hCG group) and a group (N = 6) given 500 µg GnRH (Fertagyl®) im 76h (N = 3) or 100h after weaning (N = 3) (GnRH group). Follicular diameter and time of ovulation were monitored by ultrasonography every 4h from day 3 until ovulation or development of cysts by means of a sector scanner fitted with a 5.0/7.5 MHz multiangle probe. Heat detection was performed every 8h from day 3 until ovulation. On day 13, the sows were slaughtered, the number of corpora luteae (CL) was counted, and embryos were flushed from the uteri. The control group showed clear heat symptoms, and on day 3, the follicles were typically 3–7 mm and grew up to 7–10 mm over 2 days, where they remained for approximately 24h until ovulation took place 41h ± 9h after first sign of standing heat. The hCG group exhibited no signs of heat, and the follicles only reached 5–8 mm in diameter at time of ovulation, which occurred 40h ± lh after hCG-injection. The GnRH group exhibited inconsistent signs of heat, and the follicles reached a maximum size of 7–12 mm in diameter where they remained for more than 24h. Only 2 sows in this group ovulated within 84–92h after the GnRH injection, and development of bursa cysts and cystic follicles was a common finding. The average number of CL was 18.2 ±5.7 per sow (N = 16, range: 3–27) with no significant difference between the groups. Total embryo recovery was 79 ± 13 % with no significant difference between groups. The embryo diversity calculated as standard deviation of the maximum diameter was higher in the hCG group as compared with the control group.It is concluded that (1) transrectal ultrasonography can be used in sows for accurate assessment of follicular growth and ovulation; (2) the use of hCG results in lack of heat symptoms and reduced follicle size at the time of ovulation when injected 76h after weaning; (3) administration of a single injection of GnRH, if given before the first signs of heat, results in inconsistent heat symptoms and no or late ovulations.     

马繁殖季节和非繁殖季节卵泡波变化观察

利用B型超声波诊断仪,对繁殖季节和非繁殖季节母马卵泡发育过程进行连续观察,揭示母马卵泡生长发育的动态模式。在繁殖季节的5—7月随机选取5匹空怀和4匹排卵后配种妊娠的伊犁马为监测对象,在非繁殖季节的8—10月随机选取8匹空怀伊犁马为监测对象,用B型超声波诊断仪每日或隔日扫描两侧卵巢1次,记录卵泡数量并测量卵泡直径,分别持续观测一个发情周期和40 d。结果表明,母马在繁殖季节的一个发情周期内有1～2个卵泡波;在非繁殖季节,马卵巢也有卵泡波的变化;母马不是严格的季节性发情动物。     

萨福克、陶赛特肉用种羊非繁殖季节诱导发情的研究

利用CRID装置对纯种萨福克、无角陶赛特肉用种羊进行非繁殖季节诱导发情处理。结果表明，110只萨福克母羊第1、2情期产羔率分别为43．6％和69．1％；170只无角陶赛特母羊第1、2情期的产羔率为44．1％和72．9％，诱导发情处理羊的受胎率，比自然发情受胎率分别高15％和5％。试验还探讨了气候条件对肉用种羊繁殖性能的影响。     

Synchronization of Ovulation and Fixed Time Intrauterine Insemination in Ewes

A novel method for oestrus-ovulation synchronization in sheep followed by fixed time insemination is presented herewith. Mature dry ewes (n = 28) of Karagouniko breed being at an unknown stage of the oestrous cycle, were used during the middle of breeding season. The treatment protocol consisted of an initial administration of a GnRH analogue followed 5 days later by a prostaglandin F2alpha injection. Thirty-six hours later a second GnRH injection was administered to synchronize ovulation, and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination was performed 12-14 h later. Three days after insemination, fertile rams were introduced into the flock twice daily and oestrus-mating detection was carried out. For progesterone (P(4)) determination, blood samples were collected on alternate days, starting 2 days before the first GnRH injection and continuing for 17 days after insemination. An additional sample was taken on the day of insemination. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out by trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Fourteen ewes (50%) conceived at insemination and maintained pregnancy; from the remainder 14 ewes 10 became pregnant at natural service, while four, although they mated at least two to three times, failed to conceive. In response to the first GnRH, P(4) concentration increased at higher levels in ewes that conceived at AI compared with those that failed to conceive (47.54 and 22.44%, respectively; p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean P(4) concentration between pregnant and non-pregnant animals were detected 1 day before AI (0.17 +/- 0.06 and 0.26 +/- 0.14 ng/ml, respectively) on the day of AI (0.15 +/- 0.04 and 0.24 +/- 0.08 ng/ml, respectively) as well as 9 and 11 days thereafter (0.48 +/- 0.12 and 0.38 +/- 0.12 ng/ml; 0.68 +/- 0.14 and 0.50 +/- 0.18 ng/ml, respectively). These results indicate that using the proposed protocol, an acceptable conception rate can be achieved which could be further improved by modifying the time intervals between interventions.     

非繁殖季节母驴诱导发情、排卵效果的研究

[目的]研究前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）、孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）3种激素在不同处理方案下对内蒙古通辽地区乏情期母驴卵泡生长情况、排卵率、发情率、受胎率与妊娠率的影响。[方法]将50头2～6岁、体重接近、体况良好、处于乏情期的母驴随机分为A、B、C、D4组,其中D组为未使用任何激素的空白对照组。首先,采用PGF2α、PMSG进行诱导发情试验,对A、B、C3组母驴注射2mL／头PGF2α,连续处理5d,第6天对A、B组母驴分别注射PMSG 1000IU,头和500IU,头;C组不做PMSG处理。诱导发情后将A、B组再细分为A1、A2和B1、B2组,当A1、B1、C3组中母驴卵泡直径大于35mm时注射hCG（总量1500IU）进行诱导排卵;A2、B2不做hCG处理,由卵泡自然发育至排卵。对所有诱导发情后有发情表现的母驴进行自然本交。同时,在试验期间利用直肠检查和B超检查对母驴的卵巢发育进行监测。『结果]c组发情率为30％,经PGF2α处理第5天时卵巢黄体基本全部消退;A组和B组的发情率分别为93．33％和86．66％,二者差异不大,但均明显高于C组。A1、B1最终的排卵率为100％和77．78％,而A2和B2的排卵率为60．00％和50．00％。A,组受胎率和妊娠率最高,分别达到了88．89％和80．00％,其次是B,组分别为66．67％和60．00％,B2、C2组的受胎率和妊娠率都较低,D组虽然有1头母驴发情,但配种后未妊娠。[结论]单独使用PGF2α对非繁殖季节母驴诱导发情效果不明显,但其对消除母驴黄体有明显作用;PGF2α与PMSG联用对诱导乏情母驴发情效果较好。使用PGF2α与PMSG对处于乏情期的母驴诱导发情后,注射hCG对母驴卵巢上优势卵泡具有明显的促进排卵作用,能加快优势卵泡的排卵,且明显提高母驴的排卵率。该试验确定的最佳方案为：注射0．2mgPGF2α连续处理5d,第6天注射PMSG 500lU,当优势卵泡直径达35mm时注射hCG 1500lU,排卵后配种。     

The reproductive performance of Finn × German Mutton Merino and purebred German Mutton Merino Ewes

The sexual season, i.e. the sexual cycle activity, of Finn × German Mutton Merino (Finn × GMM) ewes was found to extend from August to March. In a group of purebred German Mutton Merino (GMM) ewes the sexual season extended from June to January.After July–August and October–November lambings, 90–95% of the Finn × GMM crosses renewed postpartum sexual activity within 90 and 75 days, respectively. Only 40% of the November lambing purebred GMM ewes started new cycles within 105 days postpartum.The responsiveness of the Finn × GMM ewes to hormonal treatment was high (90–100%) during different months of the year. The fertility at the synchronized or induced oestrus was 60–75% throughout the year, with a mean litter size of 2.0 lambs per lambing.     

德国肉用美利奴超数排卵和胚胎移植试验

黑龙江省大山种羊场于 2 0 0 1年 8～ 10月间 ,利用国产FSH对 15只德国肉用美利奴母羊进行超数排卵处理 ,通过手术方法回收胚胎 2 17枚 ,其中可用胚 14 6枚 ,平均每只供体母羊获可用胚 9.7枚 ;在运用手术方法对 85只受体母羊进行鲜胚移植 ,受胎 4 4只 ,鲜胚移植受胎率 5 1.76 %。     

Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow,Antrum Growth,and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation

This study aimed to investigate dynamics of dominant and subordinate follicles' change of dimensions, vascularity, and angiogenic hormones from deviation to ovulation. Ten cyclic mares were subjected to daily blood sampling and Doppler examination along two estrous cycles. Three diameters were recorded for each follicle to estimate its area and volume. Leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), nitric oxide (NO) and estradiol were measured. Area of color and power Doppler modes with antral area and circumference of all follicles was measured in pixels. Follicles were classified into first large preovulatory follicle (1st F-ov), second large (2nd F-ov), and third large (3rd F-ov) on the ovulating ovary and on the contralateral nonovulating ovary into first (1st F-contra) and second large (2nd F-contra). Days before ovulation significantly (P < .0001) affected all dimensions of preovulatory follicle. With the increase of diameter, area, volume, area in pixel, antrum area, and circumference of 1st F-ov, those of all subordinates were decreasing. The blue flow area, power, and power minus red blood flow area of 1st F-ov increased from day −6 till day of ovulation (day 0), but red blood flow area significantly decreased. First large follicle had the lowest percent of colored pixels and percent of the colored pixels without antrum. Estradiol and leptin increased from day −6 till day 0, but IGF-1 decreased till day −1 and NO achieved a peak on day −3 then decreased till day 0. In conclusion, antrum growth, blood flow, and angiogenic hormones play a role in maturation and ovulation of the dominant follicle in mares.     

蓝鹇和白鹇繁殖与非繁殖期间的日常行为比较

2008-03-30-2008-04-30和2008-07-23-2008-08-05采用目标动物瞬时扫描法分别对2对蓝鹇(2♀2♂)和3只白鹇(2♀1♂)繁殖和非繁殖期间的日常行为进行了观察和比较分析。结果表明:同一种雉类比较,蓝鹇繁殖期间的运动行为显著高于非繁殖期,休息行为和其他类行为极显著低于非繁殖期(P<0.01)。白鹇繁殖期间的运动行为和梳理行为高于非繁殖期,观望和休息行为低于非繁殖期。不同动物间比较,蓝鹇非繁殖期的运动行为极显著低于繁殖期间的白鹇(P<0.01),显著低于非繁殖期间的白鹇(P<0.05)。蓝鹇非繁殖期的的休息行为极显著高于繁殖期间的白鹇(P<0.01),显著高于非繁殖期间的白鹇(P<0.05)。不同性别动物间比较,雄性雉类的运动行为、观望行为高于雌性,它们的梳理、采食行为低于雌性。梳理和休息行为对不同时间段总体方差分析差异显著(P<0.05)。7:00-9:00时,繁殖期雉鸡的采食行为明显高于非繁殖期间的动物,9:00-17:00时,动物繁殖期间的运动行为明显高于非繁殖期间。     

牛和绵羊在超数排卵情况下排卵受阻的卵巢组织学和内分泌研究

乏情母牛50头、有周期活动母绵羊38头,超排处理引起发情后的4(羊)或7～8(牛)天摘取卵巢进行组织学研究。观察到排卵阻断的5种类型:(1)典型黄体但包含未排的卵母细胞,(2)由未破卵泡黄体化而形成的非典型黄体,(3)纤维性结缔组织团块,其中有散在性黄体细胞(仅见于牛),(4)具备葛拉夫氏泡典型结构的滞留卵泡,(5)颗粒膜已黄体化的滞留卵泡。50头牛中共有滞留卵泡(≥10mm)127个、正常黄体29个、非正常黄体20个。严寒和饥饿可能是卵泡囊肿普遍发生的主要原因。试验牛曾用18甲基炔诺酮药管处理9天。在植入和取出药管时各注射1次(共2次)PMSG的母牛,具有很高的(28/30)早期反应率(出现≥3个卵泡的母牛数/接受处理的母牛数),而仅在去管时1次注射PMSG者,反应微弱(4/20)。试验羊中,只有单一用FSH处理者,在发情当天血清E_2—17β浓度形成峰值(168.1pg/ml),而且正常黄体数亦略高(P<0.1)于用FSH加LH处理者。发情后4天血清P_4浓度则以后者为高(P<0.05)。绵羊滞留卵泡表现为孕酮优势,卵泡液中E_2—17β对P_4的浓度比为1∶46。     

无角美利奴亲本母羊生产性能与血液生化指标的相关性

对８７只无角美利奴亲本母羊的生产性能及其血液生化指标进行了测试分析，试验结果表明，毛长，毛密，体重与其血清无机磷，血清钙磷乘积，血清总蛋白，血清白蛋白、胆固醇、黄疽指数呈极显著正相关；与血清钠、胡萝卜素，ａ２球蛋白呈显著正相关；而与血清磨香草酚浊度呈极显著负相关；与硫酸锌浊度、血清谷草转氨酶活力呈显著负相关；与其年龄呈显著负相关。     

Seasonal Fluctuations of Nematode Populations in Breeding Ewes and Lambs

The seasonal changes in nematode populations of a flock of sheep in the Montreal area were determined using serial fecal egg counts, fecal culture of larvae and necropsy worm counts. It was found that Ostertagia spp.,Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus agei, Trichostrongylus spp. and Chabertia ovina over-wintered on pasture and could initiate patent infections the following spring. The development of populations of H. contortus was typical of that seen with most of the other species and was characterized by the following series of events. In early winter when the study was started with stabled pregnant ewes, most of the populations were immature and the egg counts were low and remained so throughout the entire winter. However, in the spring, following lambing, large numbers of adult worms were seen with a consequent decrease in immatures and a sudden increase in egg counts. When the ewes and lambs were pastured together, the egg counts in ewes dropped consequent to “self-cure”, the “spring-rise” providing the major source of overwhelming infections for lambs with deaths by the end of July. As the season progressed larvae taken in by both ewes and lambs did not mature, and by early fall, most of the worm population consisted of immature forms. It appeared that H. contortus could not have more than two generations in ewes or lambs in a single grazing season.     

甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊四季采食量及消化率测定

选择15只甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊,采用链烷法测定四季干物质采食量和牧草消化率,其结果为:每只成年母羊春夏秋冬四季干物质采食量分别为0.85,1.36,1.48和0.75kg·d~(-1),成年母羊每kg代谢体重四季采食量分别为61.72,93.86,93.83和47.99g·(w0.75kg)-1。每只甘肃高山细羊春夏秋冬四季代谢能食入量分别为6.11,13.30,13.99和5.08 MJ·d~(-1);粗蛋白质食入量分别为71.49,212.31,188.26和43.83g·d~(-1);钙食入量分别为2.27,8.22,9.61和2.58g·d~(-1);磷食入量分别为0.94,4.98,5.87和1.01g·d~(-1)。甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊春夏秋冬四季牧草干物质消化率分别为44.65%,64.02%,57.73%和45.98%,四季牧草粗蛋白质消化率分别为47.40%,62.69%,59.67%和48.05%。     

Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen in Ewes at Different Times of the Breeding Season

Totally 13575 ewes of two different breeds, Dala and Spel, were inseminated with semen, frozen in straws and thawed at 70°C for 8 sec. An insemination dose of 0.2 ml containing approx. 150 × 10⁶ spermatozoa with at least 45 to 50% progressive motility was imerted 5 to 12 mm into the cervix. The insemination was performed once between 12 and 30 h after the onset of heat. The NR rate of the Dala ewes increased significantly during the season. The NR rate of the ewes inseminated before 15. November was 44.3%, from 15. to 20. November 52.2%. from 20. to 25. November 55.3% and from 25. November and later 61.4%. The corresponding values for the ewes of the Spel breed were 57.3, 58.7, 61.5 and 71.0% respectively, and only the difference between the two last values was statistically significant. The difference between the fertility of the two breeds was significant within each of the periods .     

甘肃高山细毛羊育种现状及发展前景

甘肃高山细毛羊是以新疆细毛羊和高加索细毛羊为父本、以当地藏羊和蒙古羊为母本,经过杂交改良(1943～1957年)、横交固定(1958～1965年)和选育提高(1966～1980)三个阶段培育而成的我国第一个高原型细毛羊品种。从育成至今经过了30年的选育提高,为了改善和提高品种质量,先后10次从国内外引进澳洲美利奴、中国美利奴、新西兰美利奴、超细型中国美利奴、超细型澳洲美利奴等外血对品种进行换血改造。目前该品种质量发生了很大变化。2009年种公羊平均体重达到95.77kg,比1980年品种育成时提高了20.77kg,成年母羊平均体重达到49.55kg,比1980年育成时提高了9.55kg。种公羊平均毛长达到10.79cm,比1980年育成时提高了2.59cm,母羊平均毛长达到9.39cm,比1980年育成时提高了1.8cm。公羊平均剪毛量达到10.32kg,比1980年育成时提高了2.8kg,母羊平均剪毛量达到4.56kg,比1980年育成时提高了0.46kg。羊毛细度从1980年的以64支为主体发展为目前的以66支和70支为主体。以甘肃高山细毛羊为遗传基础,先后育成中国美利奴高山型新类群、甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系、甘肃高山细毛羊肉用类群、甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系。     

诱导青年母猪卵泡发育及排卵效果

应用孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)制剂对43头青年母猪进行诱导排卵,研究了其卵泡发育及排卵规律,并探讨了诱导处于卵巢机能静止期的母猪发情的最佳途径.结果表明,母猪接受交配时间越长,处理后的排卵效果越好,发情母猪初次交配时间集中在注药后69～126.5 h;卵泡发育总数为(11.90±4.41)个/头,与发情微弱及不发情母猪存在极显著差异(P<0.01),说明卵泡发育总数与母猪发情表现之间存在密切关系;进一步观察青年母猪早期胚胎发育的渐进性,发现进入输卵管内的胚胎处于2～4细胞期,进入子宫时处于4～8细胞期,时间在初配后51～59 h;胚胎全部进入子宫的时间在母猪初配后71～83.5 h,且诱导排卵不影响胚胎的质量.