ICP—AES同时测定野生菌中多种元素

本文报导了应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法，采用元素间干扰系数法较正光谱干扰，标准物质检验分析方法和测定结果的准确性，同时测定了昆明地区常食的十二种野生菌中的常量和微量元素，结果是满意的。     

土壤有机质重铬酸钾容量法最佳测定条件的探索

当前我国测定土壤有机质的国家标准方法为重铬酸钾容量法，该种方法具有操作简便，测定结果准确，适用大量样品的分析等优点，但是较容易产生误差，且该方法中的加热介质、空白替代物、加热温度和加热时间在各种文献说法不一。采用标准物质GBW07414a、GBW07416a，对重铬酸钾容量法中加热介质、空白替代物、加热温度和加热时间4个测定条件进行实验探索，结果表明：选择石蜡作为加热介质，不用替代物作空白，测定结果的准确度和精密度高；加热温度选择170-190℃，加热时间控制在5～8min，测定结果较为理想。     

茶叶中水浸出物检测方法探讨

目前测定茶叶中水浸出物的主要方法是重量法，但由于样品形态、前处理方法不当，会使测定结果出现较大偏差。为此根据中国人的饮茶习惯，对样品形态和前处理进行了部分改进试验，其结果不仅真实反应了茶叶中水溶性物质含量，而且具有省时、易于操作、仪器设备简单等特点。     

25s rRNA 基因部分序列比较在香菇栽培菌种鉴定上的应用

对目前中国7个主要香菇栽培品种：科，26，939，135，9311，申10和7402和25s rRNA基因中的D1／D2片段进行了DNA序列测定，根据DNA序列测定结果对它们之间的同源性进行了分析。结果表明，所测定的7个香菇栽培品种之间的亲缘关系非常近，同源性很高。通过聚类分析，根据香菇之间的亲缘关系，可以将这7个品种分为2类，即苏香，939和9311为一类，26，申10，135和7402为一类。     

苯酚—硫酸法测定灵芝多糖含量的条件研究

本文以摇瓶培养的灵芝菌丝体为样品，对利用苯酚－硫酸法测定灵芝多糖含量时的多糖提取和测定条件进行了较为详细、系统的研究，最终得到了一个多糖提取和测定的最佳条件，使得利用苯酚－硫酸法测定样品多糖含量的结果更加准确和稳定。     

马铃薯品种稳定性分析及与主要农艺性状相关性的研究

本文试用“回归系数法”和“基因型发组法”对六个马铃薯品种进行了稳定分析，并对稳定性与马铃薯五个主要农艺性状的相关进行了初步研究，结果表明，用这两种方法进行稳定性分析，结论基本吻合。５个品种稳定性测定结果基本相同，只有呼单８１－２１３稳定程度测定结果有点差异，在与主要农艺性状相关性研究中，株高，出苗至成熟天数，病毒株率，淀粉含量与品种的稳定性呈正相关，大中薯比率与品种的稳定性呈负相关，相关程度达到显     

蒽酮比色定糖法实验条件的改进探讨

将文献介绍的7种蒽酮比色定糖法实验条件和经改进的实验条件等8种方法对5种主要水生蔬菜品种进行含糖量测定，并与斐林试剂滴定法的测定结果进行比较，结果表明，改进后的实验方案（1ml糖待测液加入5ml的1%蒽酮-浓硫酸溶液，96℃水浴加热3min完全显色反应）的测定结果准确度高，重现性好，可用于批量样品的微量分析测试。     

基于SSR标记的芡实遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

为进一步明确我国芡实种质资源的遗传背景，采用SSR标记扩增和籽粒品质性状测定，对10份芡实材料进行了遗传多样性分析。基于10对SSR引物对10份芡实材料的扩增及检测结果，共获得29个位点，其中28个具有多态性，多态百分率为96.6%，品系间Nei&Li相似系数平均值为0.580 3，以相异系数0.57为阈值可将所有材料分为4组；基于籽粒品质性状测定结果，品系间欧式遗传距离平均值为4.057 5，以欧氏遗传距离3.50为阈值可将所有材料分为3组。试验结果明确了现有芡实材料之间的遗传距离，构建了芡实种质资源DNA指纹图谱。     

利用普通扫描仪精确测量叶面积的技术及方法

通过平台扫描仪获取叶片的数字图像，并运用数字图像扫描技术测定植物叶面积的方法。结果表明：图像扫描方法的测定结果，适用于叶面积的测量工作，和其它方法相比具有准确、快速、适用范围广、容易普及等优点，适用于科研和生产推广使用。     

蚕蛹虫草与冬虫草化学成份的比较

本文报道了柞蚕蛹虫草，桑蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草中总糖，粗脂肪，粗蛋白质，淳离氨基酸，水解氨基酸，甘露醇，软脂酸３＇－去氧腺苷等的含量测定结果；比较了乙醚和乙醇提取物中的主要化学成分；提纯并鉴定了甘露醇和３＇－去氧腺苷。本     

Effect of PPAR ligands on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression in macrophages and foam cells

AIM：To investigate the role of PPAR α or γ ligands in regulating the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN).METHODS：THP-1 monocytes were induced into macrophages and foam cells in vitro then interfered with clofibrate and pioglitazone.The cells and supernatant were collected after 24 h,respectively.EMMPRIN gene and its protein were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting in different interferences.The concentration of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9) was measured with ELISA method and the activity of MMP-9 was detected with gelatin zymography.RESULTS：Two known PPAR α or γ ligands,colfibrate and pioglitzaone,were found,both of which inhibited EMMPRIN expression in macrophages and foam cells.The inhibition was correspondent to the secretion and activity of MMP-9 simultaneously.CONCLUSION：Both PPAR α and γ ligands inhibit EMMPRIN expression,which may account for their effect on inhibition of MMPs.     

Effect of proprotein convertases on transforming growth factor β1-induced HBV replication inhibition

AIM: To study the effect of proprotein convertases (PCs) on the transforming growth factor (TGF) β1-induced inhibition of HBV replication.METHODS: HepG2.2.15 cells cultured regularly were exposed to recombinant TGFβ1 at concentration of 2 μg/L or 5 μg/L and/or PC inhibitor at concentration of 20 μmol/L for 18 h. The total RNA and HBV core particle DNA were extracted from these cells, and PC mRNA and core-associated HBV DNA were detected by real-time PCR technique. RESULTS: The mRNA expression levels of 7 PCs in HepG2.2.15 cells were observed with various degrees. Recombinant TGFβ1 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of all PCs except for the down-regulation of PC5/6, though PC1/3 and PC2 were up-regulated most obviously. Furin and PACE4 were the predominant PCs before and after TGFβ1 exposure when the basic mRNA expression was taken into account. Further study showed that TGFβ1-induced the inhibition of HBV replication was abrogated by PC inhibitor in HepG2.2.15 cells. CONCLUSION: TGFβ1-induced the inhibition of HBV replication is mediated by the up-regulation of PCs, which might be of many implications in efficient interferences of TGFβ1 on HBV replication.     

Social effects on crowding preferences of urban forest visitors

An image-based stated choice approach was used to investigate the conditions determining why visitors to an urban forest in Vienna feel crowded or not. Respondents (N=213) evaluated several sets of images depicting trail use scenarios with different levels of social crowding conditions and several types of social interferences. Forest users were segmented into three groups based on their global evaluations of use levels during weekends and work days, resulting in a crowding-averse, a crowding-tolerant, and a crowding-indifferent segment. Crowding-averse respondents reacted much more negatively to scenarios with high-use levels, heterogeneous trail use conditions, and violations of personal minimum spatial requirements caused by the presence of others. This user group felt overcrowded because social conditions experienced in the area interfered with their main visiting goals, especially to walk with their dog unleashed and to recreate. By contrast, crowding-tolerant respondents disliked very low-use and high-use situations, and preferred a certain amount of social stimulation in the form of some encounters, and more heterogeneous trail use conditions.     

A modified chemiluminescence method for hydrogen peroxide determination in apple fruit tissues

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is one of the important by-products produced by plant and fruit tissues during normal metabolism as well as under stress conditions. Evidence suggests that it is actively involved in many physiological activities in plants, including ripening, senescence and the development of disorders. Quantitative measurement of H₂O₂ in fruit has been a challenge due to variations in methodologies, and their sensitivities and interferences present in plant samples. Among the currently used methodologies, chemiluminescence (CL) is one of the most promising, due to its high specificity and sensitivity. However, direct application of CL methods developed for leaf analysis is not suitable for fruit, especially fruit peel tissues, possibly due to interfering compounds in fruit tissues. In this study, evaluation of the efficiency of removal of interfering compounds by PVP, PVPP and activated charcoal revealed that the PVPP is the most effective compound to remove the interference. This modified protocol can measure H₂O₂ content in apple peel and flesh tissues. ‘Red Delicious’ apple peel and flesh tissues were measured with amount of 1.48 and 1.03 μmol/g FW, respectively. The established protocol can also be used for a wide variety of tissues in addition to apple fruit, including strawberry tissues (fruit, calyx and leaves) and spinach leaves. This protocol was applied to determine the H₂O₂ concentration in 1-MCP and DPA treated apples after 5 months of storage, but no significant difference in H₂O₂ in those samples was found. Direct comparison of CL with a commercial hydrogen peroxide measurement OXIS kit was also made. The challenges to accurately assay H₂O₂ in fruit/plant tissue were discussed.     

羊肚菌菌丝体总RNA提取方法的比较

采用SDS抽提法、TRIzol法、CTAB-LiCl、DEPC水法对羊肚菌菌丝体进行了总RNA的提取,并对其进行了紫外及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果表明:4种提取方法中DEPC水法提取的总RNA质量最好,SDS抽提法次之,CTAB-LiCl法和TRIzol法效果最差。从RNA质量、操作简单、经济与否等方面综合分析,DEPC水法是羊肚菌菌丝体总RNA提取较为理想的方法。     

茴香总DNA提取方法的比较研究

以茴香为研究材料,分别采用高盐低pH法、尿素法、CTAB法、SDS法、PVP法和CIAB-SDS结合法等6种不同方法提取总DNA,结果表明:SDS法为提取茴香总DNA的最佳途径.     

4种冬虫夏草总RNA提取方法的比较

以冬虫夏草新鲜子实体为材料,分别采用SDS抽提法、TRIzol法、CTAB-LiCl法和DEPC水法4种方法进行总RNA的提取试验,并对其进行了紫外及变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。检测结果表明,4种提取方法中DEPC水法提取的总RNA质量最好,SDS抽提法次之,CTAB-LiCl法和TRIzol法效果最差。从RNA质量、操作难度、经济与否等方面综合分析,DEPC水法是较为理想的提取冬虫夏草新鲜子实体总RNA的方法。     

锥栗叶片两种提取蛋白方法的比较

比较三氯乙酸/丙酮沉淀法、酚柚提法两种方法对锥栗叶片总蛋白的提取效果。结果表明:酚抽提法获得的蛋白质产率高、纯度高;且其提取蛋白质所得电泳图谱背景浅、拖尾轻、蛋白点分散且性状规则,适合锥栗叶片蛋白质的提取。试验为锥栗胚胎发育期蛋白质组学研究提供参考,也对其他干扰物质含量高的植物组织蛋白提取有一定的参考价值。     

翠云草叶片压花保色方法研究

以翠云草叶片为试材,通过物理干燥和化学保色相结合的方法研究其保色工艺。物理干燥法采用自然干燥法、压花板干燥法、烘箱干燥法、熨斗干燥法和微波干燥法等5种不同方法;化学保色法采用浓度为1%、5%、10%、15%、20%蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、硫酸铜溶液和浓度为2%、4%、6%、8%、10%氯化钙溶液,浸泡翠云草叶片(4 h、8 h、12 h、16 h、20 h),结合连续强光照射,研究不同种类保色剂对翠云草叶片的保色效果。结果表明,翠云草叶片最适合的干燥方法为熨斗干燥法;15%葡萄糖溶液浸泡翠云草叶片12 h保色效果最佳,其次为10%硫酸铜溶液处理12 h。