中比转速离心泵叶轮的优化设计及数值模拟

基于流体流动的连续方程和运动方程,通过两类相对流面的迭代计算,实现中比转速离心泵叶轮内准三维正问题的数值计算,得到了轴面速度分布.应用逐点积分法进行叶片骨线绘型,在轴面上加厚叶片,在保角变换平面上修圆叶片头部,实现了离心泵叶轮的反问题设计.正反问题进行迭代计算求解直至收敛,得到最终设计的叶轮.采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对离心泵叶轮内三维流场进行数值模拟,得到了叶轮内压力和速度分布.模拟结果表明设计得到的叶轮内部压力分布非常均匀,流动稳定无分离,叶轮出口能量分布合理,所设计的叶轮具有优越的水力性能.     

低比转数离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流三维数值模拟

阐述低比转数离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流基本理论,采用两相流混合模型对叶轮内定常三维湍流汽蚀流场进行数值模拟。根据计算结果的液相和空泡相主要流动特征,分析汽蚀发生过程叶片上的静压分布,揭示叶轮内汽蚀两相流场的内在特性。     

大型泵站斜式出水流道优化水力设计

采用三维紊流数值模拟的方法 ,模拟了某大型泵站 15°斜式出水流道内的三维流动形态 ,指出由于流道型线设计不当而导致了不良流态。通过建立斜式流道几何模型并借助于三维紊流数值模拟方法 ,逐一改变流道的几何尺寸 ,根据流道内流态的改变情况逐步优化流道型线 ,实现了斜式流道的优化水力设计     

大型立式泵站双向进水流道三维紊流数值模拟

针对典型的双向进水流道，应用紊流模型对流道内部流态及水泵进口处的流动进行三维数值计算，计算结果与试验流态、实测数据一致。数值模拟结果揭示了双向进水流道内流动规律，双向进水流道内易产生死水区、旋涡和水下涡带，必须采取适当的消、防涡措施保证水泵正常运行。     

谏壁泵站出水流道的FD分析

将计算流体力学（CFD）软件应用于泵站出水流道的分析与设计，基于Navier-Stokes方程和标准κ－ε紊流模型，依据三维数值模拟的结果，优化与泵站出水流道设计相关的几何参数，使流道内的流态接近于较理想流态，从而保证出水流道的设计具有良好的性能。     

螺旋离心泵的规则与非规则叶轮曲面方程

完善了螺旋离心泵叶轮的曲面方程,使其与三维网格的自动生成和三维流场的数值模拟相适应;其于对泵内流动与油流试验结果的分析,提出和建立了非规则叶轮曲面方程。作为实例,针对规则叶轮流道生成了三维非均匀网络。     

流体机械涡壳内部流场的数值模拟

涡壳内部流场模拟的命题求解采用了雷诺平均N—S方程，并以标准k-ε湍流模型使方程组封闭，依据数值模拟的结果，优化与涡壳设计相关的几何参数，使涡壳内的流态接近于理想流态，从而保证涡壳具有良好的性能。     

基于混合模型的离心泵叶轮内汽蚀

为了分析离心泵发生汽蚀情况下叶轮内流场的分布以及汽泡相的体积分数，采用两相流混合模型对叶轮内三维湍流汽蚀流场进行数值计算。根据计算结果静压分布和汽泡相的流动特征，揭示叶轮内汽蚀两相流场的内在特性。     

大型泵站虹吸式出水流道优化水力设计

采用三维紊流数值模拟的方法,揭示了大型泵站虹吸式出水流道内的三维流动形态;提出通过建立虹吸式出水流道几何模型并借助三维紊流数值模拟的方法,逐一改变流道几何尺寸、观察流态变化、逐步优化流道型线,以最终实现虹吸式出水流道的优化水力设计;通过专门设计的模型试验,验证了虹吸式出水流道优化水力设计的效果。     

斜流泵不稳定特性及旋转失速研究

为研究斜流泵出现的鞍形曲线机理,利用数值模拟的方法对斜流泵进行了研究。通过定常数值模拟得到了鞍形曲线组成部分——扬程骤降段和随后扬程小幅上升段两部分机理。小流量下叶轮轮缘处存在流动分离,并且形成漩涡,导致叶轮出口有效外径的减小,是扬程骤降主要原因。流量继续下降,在叶轮出口靠近轮毂处出现一个大尺度的涡,由于漩涡阻塞作用,导致液流由轮毂向轮缘处偏移,使叶轮内部流态由斜流式转变为离心式,是扬程小幅上升的原因。为研究叶轮出口出现回流的原因,利用非定常数值模拟对导叶进行研究,发现导叶进口处存在失速是斜流式叶轮内部流态转变为离心式的主要原因。同时发现在小流量下导叶进口压力不均匀性是失速核沿圆周方向传播的主要原因。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。