蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡生长性能及某些生理生化指标的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组,使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,对照组基础日粮铜含量为11 mg/kg,3个试验组日粮中铜含量分别为110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,各试验组肉仔鸡均饲喂添加蛋氨酸铜的玉米-豆饼型日粮至60日龄结束试验.在12,24,36,48,60日龄称量各组鸡体重并计算出36,60日龄时的料肉比;在12,36,60日龄采血,进行红细胞数、血红蛋白含量及血清GH、T3、T4水平的测定.结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中含铜110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg对雏鸡生长有明显的促进作用(P＜0.05),料肉比稍有提高,但与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);血液红细胞数和血红蛋白含量都在正常范围内,没有出现异常减少;高铜(110 ms/kg、220 ms/kg和330 ms/kg)组鸡血清GH水平均低于对照组,而T3、T4浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结果说明高铜可促进肉鸡生长,影响血清中与生长有关的激素水平.     

蛋氨酸铜对仔猪的生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验采用体质量20 kg左右的军牧1号断奶仔猪45头,随机分成A、B、C3组,每组15头,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C分别在基础日粮的基础上添加125和250 mg/kg的蛋氨酸铜,试验期为45 d.在试验第15、30、45天的晨饲前空腹采血,分离血清,测定相关酶活性和微量元素含量;试验结束,称重,测定各组的生长性能.结果显示:(1)日粮中添加铜能显著促进猪的生长,其中125 mg/kg蛋氨酸锕的促生长效应最为显著(P<0.05);(2)蛋氨酸铜能使血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性,血浆总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)升高;降低血清尿素氮(BUN)和血糖(Glu)的水平;(3)日粮添加铜可提高血清铜含量(P<0.05),降低血清锌的含量(P<0.05),对血清铁含量影响(P>0.05)较小.本试验结果表明,在营养全面的日粮中,添加中等剂量的蛋氨酸铜即可达到最佳的促生长作用.     

丁酸梭菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能及血液生理生化指标的影响

试验研究日粮中添加不同水平丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum,CB)对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和血液生理生化指标的影响.选用1日龄健康状况良好、体重相近的肉仔鸡1600只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只.对照组(Ⅰ组)肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础日粮中添加50...     

日粮中肽和氨基酸比例对肉鸡生长性能和生理生化指标的影响

1日龄商品代艾维茵公肉仔鸡350只,随机分为7个处理组,每处理组5个重复,分别采食7组日粮,试验期21d。第1组是玉米–豆粕–酪蛋白型基础日粮,酪蛋白中氮占基础日粮总氮的30%。第2、3、4组日粮为肽组,分别用肽替代基础日粮中酪蛋白的1/3、2/3、3/3,第5、6、7组为氨基酸组,氨基酸同样替代基础日粮中1/3、2/3、3/3的酪蛋白。结果表明:日粮中肽和氨基酸水平影响肉鸡生长,当日粮中肽和氨基酸比例在一定水平增加时,促进肉鸡增重,同时提高采食量,引起料肉比增加,血清中胆固醇、甘油三脂和高、低密度脂蛋白含量有先升高后降低的趋势,并且氨基酸对这一趋势的影响大于肽的影响。血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量随日粮中肽和氨基酸水平增加而提高,血清尿酸含量提高,并且血清生长激素和T3含量随日粮肽和氨基酸水平增大也有提高趋势。     

标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸水平对仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸(SID Met)水平对仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。试验选用28±1日龄断奶、体重在7kg左右的杂交仔猪450头,随机分为5个处理组,试验期为28d。处理1组为对照组,日粮SID Met水平为0.39%;处理2、3、4、5组以处理1组日粮为基础日粮,SID Met水平分别为0.43%、0.34%、0.31%、0.27%。结果表明:仔猪生长性能随标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸(SID Met)水平的提高而逐渐提高;0.39%SID Met组平均日增重、料重比显著低于0.43%SID Met组(P0.05),但优于其他各处理组(P0.05);0.43%SID Met组仔猪的生产性能显著高于其他低水平处理组(P0.05)。0.39%和0.43%SID Met水平可显著提高血清中的血糖和总蛋白含量质量浓度(P0.05),降低血清中尿素氮的含量。可见,在本试验设计的SID Met水平下,日粮中SID Met水平的提高可改善仔猪的生产性能,在0.39%SID Met和0.43%SID Met水平下仔猪生长性能较优秀。     

新型耐热植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及血清生理生化指标的影响

旨在通过饲喂肉仔鸡添加普通植酸酶与耐高温植酸酶的日粮,比较2种植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及血清生理生化指标的影响。选用4 800只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每处理5个重复。试验分2期进行,1～3和4～6周。试验对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组降低基础日粮磷的水平,试验2组与3组分别在试验1组的基础上添加普通植酸酶500和2 000U.kg-1,试验4组和5组分别添加耐高温植酸酶250和500U.kg-1。结果表明:(1)当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,日增重显著下降(P<0.05),料重比提高;在此基础上添加植酸酶,日增重提高,料重比下降,甚至优于对照组。从生长性能指标分析来看,250～500U.kg-1耐热植酸酶与2 000U.kg-1普通植酸酶效果相当,优于试验2组;(2)当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,血清磷水平显著降低,血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高;在此基础上添加植酸酶,血清磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性恢复到对照组水平。对血清总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和钙含量等指标含量基本没有影响;(3)不同日粮处理对T4、T3、生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ、甲状旁腺激素和降钙素均没有显著性影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ在试验组1呈降低趋势(P>0.05),而各植酸酶添加组呈提高趋势。本试验条件下,发现在低磷日粮中添加新型耐热植酸酶可以显著提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料重比;对于血清生理生化指标,2种植酸酶添加效果无显著差异。     

蛋氨酸对生长獭兔生产性能反生化指标的影响

探讨日粮中不同蛋氨酸水平对生长獭兔生长性能、皮毛质量及血液生化指标的影响.选用体质量和年龄基本一致的120只3月龄獭兔,按平均体质量一致的原则分成4组,每组30只兔,公母各半.试验日粮分为4个蛋氨酸添加水平,分别为0、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%.预试期7 d,正试期30 d.结果表明:随着日粮中蛋氨酸水平的提高,能极显著提高生长獭兔的平均日采食量和平均日增质量,极显著降低料重比.日粮中蛋氨酸水平能明显提高优质獭兔皮的比例,0.6%蛋氨酸组高于其他组,0.4%添加组高于0.2%组和未添加组.0.6%添加组的成活率最低,0.4%添加组的成活率最高.蛋氨酸水平对血清尿素氮有极显著影响,对总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及胰岛素影响均不显著.试验结果表明:生长獭兔日粮适宜的蛋氨酸添加水平为0.4%.     

酶解蛋白对肉仔鸡生长性能及血清生理生化指标的影响

选用600只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为3个处理组,每处理组设10个重复,每重复20只肉仔鸡,公母各半。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮,将酶解蛋白以4%和6%水平添加到基础日粮中等比例替代豆粕,包括对照组总计3个日粮处理,即基础日粮组、4%酶解蛋白组和6%酶解蛋白组,3个处理分别对应饲喂3种日粮。试验结果表明:在玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础日粮中将酶解蛋白以4%、6%的水平等比例替代豆粕后,对平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响都不显著(P>0.05),但平均日增重和饲料转化效率呈上升趋势;血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白等指标无显著变化(P>0.05);促进了甲状腺素、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1的分泌,但效果不显著(P>0.05)。由此可以推断,酶解蛋白作为一种新型蛋白质饲料资源,具有与豆粕相当的生物学价值,值得在生产实践中大力推广应用,这对解决我国蛋白质饲料资源短缺问题具有一定意义。     

不同形态铜源对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和粪铜排出量的影响

目的:研究不同形态铜源对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和粪铜排出量的影响。方法:将96头20kg左右的仔猪随机分为3组,分别在基础日粮中添加150mg/kg源于硫酸铜的铜(对照组)以及105mg/kg源于烟酸铜的铜(试验Ⅰ组)和105mg/kg源于蛋氨酸铜的铜(试验Ⅱ组)饲喂仔猪,每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期30d。结果:试验组与对照组在ADG、ADFI、FCR以及血液生化指标如BUN、TP、T-SOD、CP无等显著差异(P<0.05),但粪铜的含量比对照组降低了43.7%、45.7%(P<0.01)。结论:添加低剂量有机铜的吸收利用率比硫酸铜高,且可减少粪铜的排泄。     

不同形态铜源对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和粪铜排出量的影响

目的：研究不同形态铜源对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和粪铜排出量的影响。方法：将96头20kg左右的仔猪随机分为3组,分别在基础日粮中添加150mg／kg源于硫酸铜的铜（对照组）以及105mg／kg源于烟酸铜的铜（试验Ⅰ组）和105mg／kg源于蛋氨酸铜的铜（试验Ⅱ组）饲喂仔猪,每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期30d。结果：试验组与对照组在ADG、ADFI、FCR以及血液生化指标如BUN、TP、T—SOD、CP无等显著差异（P〈0．05）,但粪铜的含量比对照组降低了43．7％、45．7％（P〈0．01）。结论：添加低剂量有机铜的吸收利用率比硫酸铜高,且可减少粪铜的排泄。     

Effects of dietary substitution of zinc‐methionine for inorganic zinc sources on growth performance,tissue zinc accumulation and some blood parameters in broiler chicks

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zinc‐methionine (ZnMet) as a replacement for conventional inorganic zinc sources on performance, tissue zinc accumulation and some plasma indices in broiler chicks. A total of 450‐day‐old Ross male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five pen replicates of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added Zn as feed‐grade Zn sulphate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that supplied from ZnMet complex by 25, 50, 75 or 100%. At 42 days of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were bled to measure plasma metabolites; then, the chicks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Results showed that dietary treatments affected (p < 0.05) feed intake during the starter period, and chicks on Zn oxide diets consumed more feed than sulphate counterparts. Furthermore, dietary substitution of inorganic Zn sources by ZnMet caused improvements (p < 0.01) in body weight gain during all experimental periods. Dietary supplementation of ZnMet improved feed conversion efficiency during 1–21 and 1–42, but not in 21–42 days of age. Complete replacement of inorganic Zn by that supplied from ZnMet caused an increase (p < 0.05) in relative liver weight. Similarly, dietary inclusion of ZnMet increased breast meat and carcass yields and reduced abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Incremental levels of ZnMet increased (p < 0.05) zinc concentrations in liver and thymus, and the highest zinc accumulations were seen in 100% ZnMet‐supplemented birds. Interestingly, introduction of ZnMet into the diets partially in place of inorganic sources resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations. The present findings indicated that dietary ZnMet inclusion in replacement of inorganic sources in addition to improving growth performance, reduced plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations, consequently decreased abdominal fat pad and increased carcass meat yield.     

二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化指标的影响

探讨日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物(Extractive of Lespedeza bicolor,LBE)对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用500只健康1日龄商品代艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复,试验期42d。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90,100和110mg/kg;试验4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60,70和80mg/kg;试验7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60,70和80mg/kg。试验结果表明:日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡生产性能有促进作用,可提高肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能。     

盐城地区水产饲料现状调研及发展思考

<正>盐城地处苏北平原中部,东临黄海,西襟淮扬,南与南通市接壤,北与连云港市毗邻,是全国的水产养殖与饲料大市,现有水产养殖面积200多万亩,对水产配合饲料市场需求突破300万吨,水产养殖和配合饲料产值分别突破200亿元和150亿元人民币,为深     

不同剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡肝脏病理组织结构和粪便铜含量的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组。使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个高铜试验组分别为:110mg/kg、220mg/kg和330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束。于第12,36,60日龄在各组内随机采血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;测量60日龄各组肝脏和粪便的铜含量并观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果显示:①血清ALT和AST活性均在正常范围内,没有异常升高;②110mg/kg和220mg/kg组的肝脏组织中铜含量比对照组有所升高,但是差异不显著(P>0.05),而330mg/kg组则极显著高于其他3个试验组(P<0.01);110mg/kg,220mg/kg和330mg/kg组的粪便中铜含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);③330mg/kg组的肝脏组织大部分细胞中度变性,其他各组病理变化不明显。试验结果表明,日粮中蛋氨酸铜浓度达到330mg/kg时,肝脏内的铜蓄积量会迅速增多且对肝脏造成较大的损伤,粪便中的铜含量随着日粮中铜含量的增加而迅速增多,可能对环境造成不利影响。     

饲粮中色氨酸对0～3周龄肉仔鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究探讨在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同水平色氨酸对0～3周龄AA肉仔鸡生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复。试验期间各组饲粮中色氨酸添加水平分别为0、0.03%、0.06%、0.09%、0.12%。试验结果表明:①色氨酸添加水平为0.06%时,可显著增加仔鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比变化不显著(P0.05);②肉仔鸡的血液生化指标,各试验组大部分数据和对照组比较差异显著(P0.05),其中III组的总蛋白含量最高,总胆固醇、尿素氮、葡萄糖的含量最低;IV组的甘油三酯含量最低。综合分析,在0～3周龄肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加0.06%水平的色氨酸为宜。     

不同剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡免疫器官发育和病理变化的影响

选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只系统研究日粮中添加高剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡免疫器官发育、铜含量和病理变化的影响.将肉仔鸡随机分成4组,使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11 mg/kg,3个试验高铜组分别为:110、220、330 mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束.在36日龄,各组随机屠宰6只鸡,计算免疫器官的质量指数;测量60日龄各组免疫器官的铜含量并观察其组织病理变化.结果显示,添加110～330 mg/kg的蛋氨酸铜不同程度地降低了免疫器官的质量指数,极显著地增加了其铜残留量,各免疫器官的病理组织学变化不明显.结果表明,免疫器官中铜含量随日粮铜添加水平升高而升高,日粮中蛋氨酸铜质量浓度达到330 mg/kg都不会引起肉鸡免疫器官明显的病理性损伤.     

Effects of dietary concentrations of methionine on growth performance and oxidative status of broiler chickens with different hatching weight

1. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two hatching weight (HW) levels and two dietary concentrations of methionine on the growth performance and oxidative status of broilers. Male Arbor Acres chickens were divided into two groups on their HW (low and high HW, H and L). Each HW group was then distributed into two subgroups, of similar HW, receiving either low or high dietary concentrations of methionine (4.9 g methionine/kg, LM; 5.9 g methionine/kg, HM). Thus, all day-old birds were distributed into 4 treatments (H-LM, H-HM, L-LM, L-HM) × 6 replicates × 10 birds for 21 d.

2. Broilers with high HW were heavier than those with low HW during the 21 d assay, which appeared to result from increased body weight gain rather than improved feed conversion efficiency. A higher dietary concentration of methionine (5.9 g/kg) improved growth performance of broilers with low HW in terms of body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.

3. Broilers with different HW had similar antioxidant status both in serum and liver.

4. Broilers given a diet containing 5.9 g/kg methionine had enhanced serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content at day 7.

5. Broilers given a diet containing 5.9 g/kg methionine had a higher hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH):glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio than those given a diet containing 4.9 g/kg methionine at day 21. High dietary methionine concentration reduced hepatic GSH content and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity of broilers with high HW at day 7 and at day 21, respectively, but increased hepatic GSH content of broilers with low HW at day 7.

6. Although broilers with different HW had similar oxidative status as indicated by several parameters in blood and liver, HW can have positive effects on the subsequent growth performance of broilers, and a higher dietary methionine concentration (5.9 g/kg) can improve growth performance and antioxidant status in broilers exhibiting low HW.     

Effects of dietary methionine source on productive performance, blood chemical, and hematological profiles in broiler chickens under tropical conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of dl-methionine (DLM) and liquid dl-methionine hydroxy analog free acid (MHA) in diets on productive performance, blood chemical, and hematological profiles in broiler chickens under tropical conditions. In all, 216 commercial male broiler chicks were used to compare two dietary methionine sources, DLM and MHA. Chicks were raised for 35 days in battery cages situated in high ambient temperature and relative humidity open-side housing. The chicks were divided into three treatments in six replications with 12 chicks each. A completely randomized design was used. The treatment groups were (1) control group (methionine and total sulfur amino acid deficient diet), (2) supplementation of DLM as the methionine source in diet, and (3) supplementation of MHA as the methionine source in diet. The productive performance of DLM and MHA was not significantly different. Both supplementation of DLM and MHA significantly improved final body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio when compared to the control group (P?<?0.01). Both DLM and MHA supplementation significantly increased the plasma cystine concentration level (P?<?0.05). The use of DLM enhanced the plasma methionine concentration (P?<?0.01) and increased the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P?<?0.05). While MHA elevated the plasma taurine and uric acid concentration levels (P?<?0.05). In conclusion, under tropical conditions, there was no significant difference between DLM and MHA supplementation on productive performance; plasma methionine concentration was increased by DLM supplementation, while plasma taurine and uric acid concentration were significantly increased by MHA supplementation.     

Marginal deficiencies of dietary arginine and methionine could suppress growth performance and immunological responses in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) on performance, immune responses, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 540 day‐old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the nine experimental diets, consisting five replicates of 12 birds each. Dietary treatments included three different levels (90%, 100%, and 110% of National Research Council [NRC] specifications) of either dietary Arg or Met, which were fed to the birds according to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments during a 42 days feeding trial. Results showed that supplementation of Arg and Met into the deficient‐diets increased (p < .01) weight gains during all trial periods. Although average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not influenced by dietary treatments, increasing Arg up to 100% of NRC recommendations improved (p < .05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Similarly, supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met improved FCR values. There was a significant (p < .01) Arg × Met interaction for ADFI during the starter period; increasing the dietary Arg level increased ADFI when the diets were deficient in Met, while had an opposite effect in diets containing higher dietary Met levels. On the other hand, dietary Met fortification improved (p = .067) FCR values to a greater extent in 110% Arg‐diets during the entire trial period. Although different levels of Arg and Met had no marked effects on carcass yield and abdominal fat percentage, supplemental Arg up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .01) the relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, bursa weight was affected by Arg × Met interaction (p < .01), so that supplemental Arg level of 100% of NRC increased the relative bursa weight in birds that were fed diets containing 90% and 110% of Met. Serum uric acid level was decreased (p < .05) as a result of dietary Arg fortification up to 110% of NRC recommended values. Supplementation of deficient‐diets with Met decreased (p < .05) serum cholesterol level. Although Newcastle antibody titer was not affected by dietary Arg or Met levels, Arg fortification of deficient‐diets increased (p < .001) antibody responses against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) disease viruses. Similarly, Met supplementation of deficient‐diets increased IBD antibody titer. There were significant (p < .05) Arg × Met interactions for IBV and IBD titers; Met fortification of 110% Arg‐diets was more effective in increasing antibody titers. An increase in dietary Met level up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .001) serum concentration of γ‐globulins. The present findings imply that supplemental Arg could affect feed efficiency and antibody responses when the diets were already fortified with a sufficient Met level.