外源ABA对冬小麦叶片抗寒相关蛋白的影响

为了解外源ABA对冬小麦抗寒性的蛋白质组学影响机制,以强抗寒品种东农冬麦1号和弱抗寒品种济麦22为材料,苗期经外源ABA和钨酸钠(ABA合成抑制剂)处理后,分别于18℃、4℃、-6℃和-20℃进行低温胁迫,对小麦叶片的全蛋白进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析。结果表明,低温下,外源ABA诱导处理后,东农冬麦1号叶片产生23、35和51kD特异蛋白,15、43及53kD蛋白上调表达;济麦22叶片产生28和36kD特异蛋白,15、53及76kD蛋白上调表达。     

PEG-6000干旱胁迫对小麦三叶期蛋白表达的影响

为了探索小麦在正常情况和干旱胁迫下的蛋白质表达变化,选取旱地品种烟D27、 陕优225和水地品种新麦18、小偃22、10-31为材料,在小麦三叶期,用18%和35%两种浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)干旱胁迫,处理待试小麦24 h后,收获处理的叶片。TCA丙酮法提取叶片全蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE分析小麦在干旱胁迫后蛋白质的表达变化。并运用高效液相色谱－质谱联用技术鉴定了新麦18的35.0kD水分敏感诱导蛋白条带。结果表明,PEG-6000胁迫后分子量28.0 kD蛋白在水地品种中消失,在抗旱品种中正常表达或诱导表达。此外,抗旱品种烟D27诱导出33.0kD和23.0 kD干旱应答蛋白条带;水地品种新麦18的35.0kD蛋白条带消失。对新麦18的 35.0kD蛋白条带进行液相色谱分离结合质谱分析后发现其含有17种与基本生命活动有关的蛋白,这些蛋白与小麦对干旱胁迫的适应性代谢调节有关。     

冬小麦不同抗旱品种抽穗期干旱诱导蛋白差异与抗旱性的研究

为了确定抗旱小麦新品种的分子鉴定指标,选用5个不同小麦生态类型区共18个新品种,采取盆栽与人工干旱胁迫及SDS-PAGE等方法,研究了抽穗期干旱胁迫诱导蛋白差异与抗旱性的关系。结果表明,根据抗旱指数和反复干旱存活率可将参试品种(系)分为高抗、中抗和低抗3种抗旱类型。提取旗叶蛋白质进行SDS-PAGE分析,发现在水分胁迫条件下一些高分子量的蛋白降解成一些小分子量的蛋白和多肽,其中分子量为66．2kD左右的D-差异蛋白在高抗、中抗旱品种(系)中均有出现,故D-差异蛋白可以作为抗旱小麦新品种筛选和鉴定的分子指标。     

PEG-6000胁迫对小麦三叶期蛋白表达的影响

为了探索干旱胁迫下小麦蛋白质表迭的变化,选取旱地品种蝈D27、陕优225和水地品种新麦18、小偃22、10-31为材料,在小麦三叶期,用18%和35%两种浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,处理待试小麦24 h后,月TCA丙酮法提取叶片全蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析小麦在干旱胁迫后的蛋白质带谱,并运用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定了新麦18的35.0 kD干旱敏感蛋白条带.结果表明,PEG6000胁迫后分子量28.0 kD蛋白在水地品种中消失,在旱地品种中正常表达或诱导表达.此外,干旱胁迫使抗旱品种烟D27诱导产生33.0和23.0 kD干旱应答蛋白务带,导致抗旱性弱的水地品种新麦18的35.0 kD蛋白条带消失.对新麦18的35.0 kD蛋白条带进行液相色谱分离结合质谱分析后发现其含有17种与基本生命活动有关的蛋白,这些蛋白与小麦对干旱胁迫的适应性代谢调节有关.     

小麦品种"中国春"主要过敏原CM16基因的克隆及序列分析

为了给小麦主要过敏原CM16蛋白的重组表达和免疫活性鉴定等研究奠定基础,通过生物信息学方法设计并合成简并性引物,利用RT-PCR技术对小麦主要过敏原CM16基因进行克隆,并进行序列分析. 结果表明,克隆获得了小麦主要过敏原CM16基因.基因开放阅读框为432个碱基(包括终止密码子), 编码143个氨基酸.该序列编码的蛋白相对分子质量约为15 782,等电点为5.17.序列同源性分析发现其与国外报道的已知小麦CM16基因具有很高的同源性(同源性为99%),因此认为其系小麦过敏原基因,在GenBank数据库中的登录号为EU883599.     

抗赤霉病小麦地方品种的贮藏蛋白分析

采用A-PAGE和SDS-PAGE方法,对来自不同地方的23个抗赤霉病小麦地方品种的醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白亚基进行了分析。结果表明,在A-PAGE电泳分析中,23个供试品种具有23种不同的醇溶蛋白带型,共分离出39条相对迁移率不同的谱带,其中31条具有多态性,占86.8％,每份材料可电泳出14～23条带,存在着广泛的等位基因变异。在SDS-PAGE电泳分析中,出现了9种不同的高分子量谷蛋白亚基及6种亚基组合类型,优质亚基及亚基组合所占的比例较少,品质评分较低,其变幅为5～9分,平均为6.8分。     

耐盐锻炼小麦幼苗的抗盐性及蛋白质和POD的表达差异

为探究小麦幼苗耐盐锻炼的最适浓度和抗高盐胁迫能力及高盐条件下相关蛋白质和POD的表达差异,对新麦9号小麦幼苗进行5种盐浓度耐盐锻炼处理,然后再进行3.75 g NaCl/kg沙的高盐胁迫,在高盐胁迫第7 d取样,采用SDS-PAGE技术和复性电泳技术分析高盐胁迫条件下蛋白质和POD的表达差异.结果表明,(1)耐盐锻炼能够提高小麦幼苗抗高盐胁迫能力,以2.50 g NaCl/kg沙耐盐锻炼的小麦幼苗抗盐胁迫能力最强;(2)经2.50 g NaCl/kg沙耐盐锻炼的小麦幼苗,受到高盐胁迫时,被检测出225和233 kD两条新的蛋白带;(3)耐盐锻炼的小麦幼苗,受到高盐胁迫时,均比对照多检测到57、59和84 kD三条新POD酶带, 而缺失52、55和60 kD三条POD酶带.说明耐盐锻炼的小麦幼苗抗高盐胁迫能力增强;受高盐胁迫的小麦幼苗发现有新的蛋白带和POD酶带表达.     

小麦淀粉粒结合蛋白多态性及蛋白表达差异的研究

为了解小麦淀粉粒结合蛋白(Starch granule proteins,SGPs)的多样性及与淀粉品质性状的关系,对来自中国、墨西哥和埃及的149份春小麦材料淀粉粒结合蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,探讨了淀粉粒结合蛋白多态性及表达差异。结果表明,供试材料的SGP组成存在多态性,149份材料中分离了10种主要的SGPs和56种组合带谱,其中SGP-g和SGP-e是小麦中出现频率最高的淀粉粒结合蛋白(出现频率均在90%以上),而绝大多数小麦材料(92.6%)中包含了7～9条SGPs条带。材料的地理来源与SGPs蛋白谱带聚类的结果并不完全一致。     

PEG 6000胁迫对小麦三叶期蛋白表达的影响

为了探索干旱胁迫下小麦蛋白质表达的变化,选取旱地品种烟D27、 陕优225和水地品种新麦18、小偃22、1031为材料,在小麦三叶期,用18%和35%两种浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫,处理待试小麦24 h后,用TCA丙酮法提取叶片全蛋白,通过SDSPAGE电泳分析小麦在干旱胁迫后的蛋白质带谱,并运用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术鉴定了新麦18的35.0 kD干旱敏感蛋白条带。结果表明,PEG6000胁迫后分子量28.0 kD蛋白在水地品种中消失,在旱地品种中正常表达或诱导表达。此外,干旱胁迫使抗旱品种烟D27诱导产生33.0和23.0 kD干旱应答蛋白条带,导致抗旱性弱的水地品种新麦18的35.0 kD蛋白条带消失。对新麦18的 35.0 kD蛋白条带进行液相色谱分离结合质谱分析后发现其含有17种与基本生命活动有关的蛋白,这些蛋白与小麦对干旱胁迫的适应性代谢调节有关。     

圆锥小麦(Triticum turgidum L.)贮藏蛋白的遗传多样性研究

为发掘可供利用的优异基因资源,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(APAGE)对来自17个国家和地区的95份圆锥小麦的贮藏蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,圆锥小麦贮藏蛋白位点存在丰富的遗传多样性.供试材料中共检测到17种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和34种亚基组合类型,其中亚基1和7 8分别为Glu-A1和Glu-B1位点优势亚基,也检测到优质亚基14 15和17 18.亚基组合1/7 8和null/7 8虽为优势组合,但所占频率低;醇溶蛋白检测共分离出29条多态性带纹,其中每份材料可分离出5～20条,平均12条,平均遗传相似系数为0.471.供试材料在0.402水平上可分为五类,其聚类结果与材料来源地并不完全一致.试验结果表明,中国圆锥小麦地方品种在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表现上具有独特性.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.