不同水分条件下CO2浓度升高对冬小麦碳氮转运的影响

CO2浓度升高对作物的影响日益受到重视,水分是作物生长的必要条件之一。冬小麦是我国的主要粮食作物之一,阐明高CO2浓度和水分条件互作对冬小麦碳氮转运的影响,对客观认识气候变化背景下作物的水分管理及肥料施用具有实际指导意义。本研究利用开放式CO2富集系统(FACE)平台,以冬麦品种‘中麦175’为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同CO2浓度[正常浓度(391±40)μmol·mol?1和高浓度(550±60)μmol·mol?1]及水分条件(湿润条件和干旱条件,即75%和55%田间土壤最大持水量)的冬小麦花前碳氮积累及花后碳氮转运的规律特征。结果表明:湿润条件下,与正常CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度促进冬小麦地上部干物质及碳氮积累,开花期增幅分别为18.1%、16.5%、14.9%,成熟期增幅分别为6.6%、1.3%、4.5%,并提高碳氮转运能力及对籽粒贡献率,转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率的增幅碳素依次为39.3%、20.0%、30.0%,氮素依次为19.1%、3.8%、10.8%。干旱条件下,与正常CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度对地上部碳氮积累有一定的促进作用,开花期和成熟期碳积累量分别增加3.0%和10.7%,氮积累量分别增加0和15.8%;但高CO2浓度阻碍了碳氮的转运,转运量、转运率降幅碳素分别为10.2%、12.8%,氮素分别为7.2%、7.1%;碳氮对籽粒贡献率则变化不同,碳降低14.4%,而氮升高31.3%。干旱及高CO2浓度互作与湿润条件正常CO2浓度处理相比,冬小麦碳素转运对籽粒贡献率降低更明显,地上部碳素转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率降幅分别为36.2%、16.9%、22.3%,但提高了氮素转运对籽粒贡献率,氮素转运量及转运率分别降低35.7%、15.2%,对籽粒贡献率增加7.0%。综合而言,高CO2浓度可促进冬小麦碳氮积累及其在花后向籽粒的转运,水分不足可能成为主要的物质转运障碍因子,限制CO2促进作用发挥。     

大气CO2浓度升高对旱作玉米不同生育期土壤碳氮及组分的影响

为探明大气CO_2浓度升高对旱作玉米不同生育期土壤碳氮及其组分的影响,以旱作春玉米为研究对象,基于田间定位试验,利用改进的开顶式气室(OTC)模拟大气CO_2浓度升高的环境,设置当前自然大气CO_2浓度(CK)、CO_2浓度升高(700μmol/mol,OTC+CO_2)与OTC气室对照(OTC)3种处理,研究大气CO_2浓度升高对玉米各生育期土壤有机碳、全氮、水溶性有机碳、水溶性氮、易氧化有机碳的影响。结果表明:与OTC相比,大气CO_2浓度升高(OTC+CO_2)对土壤有机碳及组分、土壤全氮均无显著影响,使水溶性氮在12叶期(V12)降低18.17%,灌浆期(R3)升高108.56%(P0.05)。与CK相比,OTC+CO_2处理显著降低了各生育期土壤有机碳(收获期R6除外)和全氮(V12除外)含量,降幅分别为4.47%～14.42%和6.78%～12.48%(P0.05),降低了苗期(V6)水溶性有机碳、V12期水溶性氮、抽雄吐丝期(R1)与R6期易氧化有机碳含量,升高了R3期水溶性有机碳含量(P0.05)。因此,试验设置条件下,大气CO_2浓度升高对土壤有机碳及组分、土壤全氮均无显著影响,对水溶性氮的影响因生育期而异。在利用OTC系统模拟大气CO_2浓度升高进行相关研究时,OTC对试验结果的影响不可忽视。     

高大气CO2浓度下遮阴对小麦叶片气孔特性及光合特性的影响

以高大气CO₂浓度和遮阴为处理手段,研究高大气CO₂浓度和遮阴对小麦叶片光合生理的影响。结果表明,与全光照相比,遮阴使小麦叶片的气孔长度增加了22.93%和10.23%,而气孔宽度减小了30.00%和30.22%,气孔面积降低了17.99%和18.11%,周长增加了16.80%和6.85%,气孔密度降低了6.61%和23.78%,气孔指数降低了5.99%和14.23%。与正常大气CO₂浓度相比,高大气CO₂浓度使小麦叶片的气孔面积增加了1.91%和1.95%,使全光照处理的小麦叶片的气孔密度降低了14.33%;使遮阴处理的小麦叶片的气孔密度增加了5.00%。与全光照相比,遮阴使小麦叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率降低了56.11%、53.21%和40.57%、49.27%,而光合速率没有得到提高,这可能是小麦叶片对高大气CO₂浓度发生了“光适应”。与正常大气CO₂浓度相比,高大气CO₂浓度降低了小麦叶片的气孔导度。小麦叶片的气孔长度和宽度与光合速率有显著相关性。     

不同管理措施对滨海盐渍农田土壤CO2排放及碳平衡的影响

为探讨不同管理措施对滨海盐渍农田碳平衡的影响,本文通过玉米–小麦轮作试验,研究农田土壤的CO_2释放规律,及其农田碳收支状况。试验设计6个处理:1常规对照(CK);2有机肥常量(OF);3氮肥增施(NF);4秸秆还田(S);5有机肥加秸秆(OF+S);6免耕(NT)。研究表明,秸秆还田和有机肥的施用增加了土壤呼吸的强度,而免耕处理的CO_2平均释放量最低,不同处理下土壤呼吸总体表现为OF+SSOMNFCKNT。各处理土壤有机碳含量随着作物的收获逐渐升高,其中OF与NT增加最多,而增施氮肥处理并没有显著提高土壤的有机碳水平。各处理间的有机碳含量没有显著性差异。在两季作物种植结束后,各处理的碳输入均高于碳输出,均为碳净输入,表现出较强的碳汇特征。秸秆还田和单施有机肥的碳净输入均显著高于对照,可有效减缓因农田土壤CO_2排放而造成的全球气候变化问题。     

大气CO2倍增对水稻生长和发育的影响

矮香糯水稻(Oryza sativa L, )插身后生长在大气（350ppm CO₂）和CO₂倍增（700 ppm CO₂）的开顶式培养室中，结果显示，在CO₂倍增的条件下，矮香糯生长旺盛，根系发达，根系干重增加23%，株高增加12%，每穗结实率增加29%，每株籽粒干重增加41%。本文对目前有关这方面的研究现状进行了讨论。     

大气CO2浓度增高对不同水稻品种稻米品质的影响

大气CO_2浓度升高导致全球变暖,同时亦对作物生长发育产生深刻影响。作为光合作用的底物,大气CO_2的浓度升高增加水稻产量,但对稻米品质的影响及其品种间差异的研究相对较少且存在分歧。本研究利用稻田FACE (free air CO_2 enrichment)技术平台,以8个水稻品种为材料,设背景CO_2浓度(Ambient)和高CO_2浓度(增200μmol·mol~(-1), FACE)两个水平,研究大气CO_2浓度升高对稻米加工品质、外观品质、食味品质以及部分营养品质的影响及其种间差异。本研究所有测定的品质性状供试品种间均存在显著或极显著差异。与Ambient相比,FACE处理下水稻糙米率、精米率和整精米率略降,但单位面积糙米、精米和整精米产量平均分别极显著增加23.7%、23.5%和20.9%。FACE处理对整精米长度、宽度和长宽比影响较小,但使整精米垩白率和垩白度平均分别增加18.6%和31.8%,均达极显著水平。FACE处理使所有品种稻米直链淀粉含量和胶稠度平均分别下降6.5%和3.1%,但均未达显著水平。从淀粉RVA谱看,FACE处理使所有品种峰值黏度、崩解值平均增加1.3%、6.9%,使热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值分别下降2.2%、5.1%和65.6%,其中消减值达显著水平。FACE处理使所有品种整精米植酸含量平均增加5.3%,而蛋白质含量平均减少9.9%,均达显著水平。不同品种稻米品质性状对高CO_2浓度的响应方向和程度存在一定差异,其中FACE处理与品种对整精米长度、垩白率、垩白度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度和最终黏度存在显著的互作效应。以上数据表明,大气CO_2浓度升高使水稻产量大幅增加,稻米加工、外观和营养品质呈变劣趋势,但适口性可能变优,稻米品质对大气CO_2浓度增高的响应存在不同程度的品种差异。     

高浓度CO2下氮素对小麦叶片干物质积累及碳氮关系的影响

高大气CO₂浓度下植物叶片干物质积累、碳氮关系和糖含量的变化对光合作用的适应性下调有重要的反馈作用,通过研究不同施氮量对高大气CO₂浓度下植物叶片干物质积累、叶氮浓度和糖含量的影响,可进一步明确氮素对植物光合作用适应性下调的调控机制。以不同大气CO₂浓度和氮素水平为处理条件,测定盆栽小麦拔节期叶片鲜重、干重、含水量、还原糖、可溶性糖、全氮含量,研究了氮素对长期高大气CO₂浓度(760μmol·mol-1)下小麦叶片的干物质积累、糖含量及碳氮含量的影响。结果表明,大气CO₂浓度升高使小麦叶片的鲜重和干重增加,含水量下降。大气CO₂浓度升高使N0处理的小麦叶片还原糖含量下降,而可溶性糖含量显著升高;施氮后小麦叶片还原糖含量无显著变化,但可溶性糖含量降低。高大气CO₂浓度条件下小麦叶片全氮含量下降,C/N比增加,而增施氮素后C/N比显著下降。可溶性糖含量和C/N比的下降有利于减轻同化物质对光合作用的反馈抑制,提高大气CO₂浓度增高条件下小麦叶片的P_n。     

盐分对棉花光合特性及根际土壤CO2浓度的影响

为了探寻不同盐分含量土壤棉花生长根际CO2浓度与光合指标之间的关系,通过桶栽试验,对4种盐分(CK:0%,F1:0.2%,F2:0.4%,F3:0.6%)处理下2种质地(砂土和壤土)土壤CO2浓度和棉花光合特征的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:随着棉花生育期的推进,壤土和砂土的土壤CO2浓度均呈先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化趋势,峰值出现在花铃期,分别高达17 061.95,17 572.00μmol/mol。在盐分处理下不同质地土壤CO2浓度随土层深度的增加而增加,50cm处土壤CO2浓度均值为13 540.32μmol/mol,是表层10cm处的近2倍。随着盐分含量的增加,2种质地土壤CO2浓度差异显著,均呈下降趋势,且壤土CO2浓度明显高于砂土;盐分和土壤质地类型的相互作用对棉花净光合速率(Pn)达到极显著水平(P0.01)。同一土壤质地类型条件下,各生育期棉花Pn随着盐分含量的增加而减小,均在F3处理下达到最小值,盐分含量较低时对棉花光合指标的影响不显著(P0.05);同一盐分处理下,不同土壤质地棉花Pn差异显著,表现为壤土砂土。不同盐分处理下2种质地土壤CO2浓度与棉花净光合速率之间密切相关,棉花Pn能够解释根际土壤CO2浓度变化的81.2%,说明盐分和土壤质地类型通过棉花净光合速率影响土壤CO2浓度的大小。研究结果可为作物生长环境提供理论参考。     

大气CO2 浓度升高对华北夏玉米地温室气体排放的影响

开展大气CO₂ 浓度升高对华北夏玉米地温室气体排放的影响可为未来气候变化下农业温室气体减排提供依据。研究基于已稳定运行10 年的华北典型一年两季自由大气CO₂ 富集平台进行,于 2017 年设置2 个处理,即常规浓度CO₂(aCO₂,平均400 μmol·mol-1)和高浓度CO₂(eCO₂,550 μmol·mol-1),2018 年在不同CO₂ 浓度下增设低氮(LN)和高氮(HN)水平下的不同CO₂ 浓度处理(即aCO₂-LN、aCO₂-HN、eCO₂-LN、eCO₂-HN)开展试验,监测和分析不同处理下土壤CO₂ 及N2O 排放通量特征,结合土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势测定解析N2O排放量变化的可能原因。结果表明,eCO₂ 下夏玉米生育期农田N2O 和CO₂ 累积排放量分别比aCO₂ 下显著增加45.5% ～ 65.9% 和16.7% ～ 19.2%;N2O 排放增加主要发生在施肥、灌溉和降雨后,而土壤CO₂ 在玉米营养生长期排放量较高。eCO₂ 条件下土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势分别比aCO₂ 下提高了36.4% 和59.0%,对土壤N2O 排放有贡献潜力。eCO₂ 下,N2O 减排需结合排放机理采取合理的田间管理和水肥调控措施。     

大气CO2浓度升高和温升对水稻纹枯病侵染后的相关蛋白和防御酶的影响

纹枯病（sheath blight）作为一种土传病害,其发生和发展严重威胁到水稻（Oryza sativa L.）的生产。目前,大气CO2浓度（[CO2]）和温度升高如何影响感病植株内病程相关蛋白（pathogenesis related proteins, PR蛋白）和防御酶尚不清楚。本研究以纹枯病易感品种（Lemont）和抗性品种（YSBR1）为实验材料,利用田间开放式自由大气[CO2]和温度升高（T-FACE）平台设置四个处理：对照、[CO2]升高（[CO2]升高至590 μmol·mol-1）、温升（冠层温度升高2 ℃）及[CO2]升高和温升交互,通过人工接种R. solani,探究不同抗性品种叶片和茎鞘PR蛋白与防御酶活性,以及土壤基本理化性状的响应。研究结果表明：高[CO2]和温升下耕作土制成的土壤浸提液培养基中R. solani生长速率无显著差异,接种R. solani后病斑发展速率与土壤基本理化性状无关。水稻植株感病后,两个品种叶片和茎鞘中PR蛋白和相关防御酶表现出明显差异,且在高[CO2]和温升条件下,该差异进一步增大。对于茎鞘中的PR蛋白和防御酶,高[CO2]和温升交互处理明显增加Lemont和YSBR1茎鞘中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。对于两个水稻品种,当R. solani入侵后,在各处理下,YSBR1叶片中PR蛋白和相关防御酶以及茎鞘中SOD和CAT活性均显著高于Lemont,且YSBR1病斑发展速率显著低于Lemont。在整个发病过程中,温升处理及其与高[CO2]互作处理均显著增加易感品种Lemont的病斑发展速率（增加了21% ~ 45%）,而对抗性品种YSBR1的病斑发展速率无显著影响。相关性分析结果表明,各处理下Lemont和YSBR1植株纹枯病病斑的发展速率均与其茎鞘中GLU活性存在显著正相关。因而,在R. solani侵染后,抗病品种中较高的PR蛋白和防御酶活形成的防卫反应,能够有效减轻未来高[CO2]和温升条件对纹枯病病斑发展速度的影响。研究结果对选育纹枯病抗性品种来适应未来气候变化背景下的水稻生产提供重要的借鉴意义。     

CO2浓度升高与气候变化对农业的影响研究进展

全球气候变化过程加剧。阐述了CO_2浓度升高及气候变化对农业的影响,包括CO_2浓度升高对作物生产力的影响,CO_2浓度与温度升高相互影响以及CO_2浓度与水分利用之间相互影响。研究表明随CO_2浓度的升高,作物生产力如生物量、经济产量以及水分利用效率均将有所提高,但高温对作物生产力可能产生不利影响,并指出今后研究重点。     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on rhizodeposition from Lolium perenne grown on soil exposed to 9 years of CO2 enrichment

The effects of enriched CO₂ atmosphere on partitioning of recently assimilated carbon were investigated in a plant-soil-microorganism system in which Lolium perenne seedlings were planted into cores inserted into the resident soil within a sward that had been treated with elevated CO₂ for 9 consecutive years, under two N fertilisation levels (Swiss FACE experiment). The planted cores were excavated from the ambient (35 Pa pCO₂) and enriched (60 Pa pCO₂) rings at two dates, in spring and autumn, during the growing season. The cores were brought back to the laboratory for ¹⁴C labelling of shoots in order to trace the transfer of recently assimilated C both within the plant and to the soil and microbial biomass. At the spring sampling, high N supply stimulated shoot and total dry matter production. Consistently, high N enhanced the allocation of recently fixed C to shoots, and reduced it to belowground compartments. Elevated CO₂ had no consequences for DM or the pattern of C allocation. At the autumn sampling, at high N plot, yield of L. perenne was stimulated by elevated CO₂. Consistently, ¹⁴C was preferentially allocated aboveground and, consequently belowground recent C allocation was depressed and rhizodeposition reduced. At both experimental periods, total soil C content was similar in all treatments, providing no evidence for soil carbon sequestration in the Swiss Free Air CO₂ Enrichment experiment (FACE) after 9 years of enrichment. Recently assimilated C and soil C were mineralised faster in soils from enriched rings, suggesting a CO₂-induced shift in the microbial biomass characteristics (structure, diversity, activity) and/or in the quality of the root-released organic compounds.     

A new technique to measure soil CO2 efflux at constant CO2 concentration

A new principle for measuring soil CO₂ efflux at constant ambient concentration is introduced. The measuring principle relies on the continuous absorption of CO₂ within the system to achieve a constant CO₂ concentration inside the soil chamber at ambient level, thus balancing the amount of CO₂ entering the soil chamber by diffusion from the soil. We report results that show reliable soil CO₂ efflux measurements with the new system. The novel measuring principle does not disturb the natural gradient of CO₂ within the soil, while allowing for continuous capture of the CO₂ released from the soil. It therefore holds great potential for application in simultaneous measurements of soil CO₂ efflux and its δ¹³C, since both variables show sensitivity to a distortion of the soil CO₂ profile commonly found in conventional chamber techniques.     

气候变化和大气CO2上升条件下土壤有机碳的动力学研究

Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn) using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities.     

稻麦轮作系统中大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦生长季土壤呼吸的影响

Studies on the effect of elevated CO2 on C dynamics in cultivated croplands are critical to a better understanding of the C cycling in response to climate change in agroecosystems. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and different N fertilizer application levels on soil respiration, winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 14） plants were exposed to either ambient CO2 or elevated CO2 （ambient [CO2] ＋ 200 μmol mol-1）, under N fertilizer application levels of 112.5 and 225 kg N ha-1 （as low N and normal N subtreatments, respectively）, for two growing seasons （2006-2007 and 2007-2008） in a rice-winter wheat rotation system typical in China. A split-plot design was adopted. A root exclusion method was used to partition soil respiration （RS） into heterotrophic respiration （RH） and autotrophic respiration （RA）. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment increased seasonal cumulative RS by 11.8% at low N and 5.6% at normal N when averaged over two growing seasons. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced （P 〈 0.05） RS （12.7%）, mainly due to the increase in RH （caused by decomposition of larger amounts of rice residue under elevated CO2） during a relative dry season in 2007-2008. Higher N supply also enhanced RS under ambient and elevated CO2. In the 2007-2008 season, normal N treatment had a significant positive effect （P 〈 0.01） on seasonal cumulative RS relative to low N treatment when averaged across CO2 levels （16.3%）. A significant increase in RA was mainly responsible for the enhanced RS under higher N supply. The correlation （r2） between RH and soil temperature was stronger （P 〈 0.001） than that between RS and soil temperature when averaged across all treatments in both seasons. Seasonal patterns of RA may be more closely related to the plant phenology than soil temperature. The Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10 ℃ increase in soil temperature） values of RS and RH were not affected by elevated CO2 or higher N supply. These results mainly suggested that the increase in RS at elevated CO2 depended on the input of rice residue, and the increase in RS at higher N supply was due to stimulated root growth and concomitant increase in RA during the wheat growing portion of a rice-winter wheat rotation system.     

Relationship between soil CO2 concentrations and forest-floor CO2 effluxes

To better understand the biotic and abiotic factors that control soil CO₂ efflux, we compared seasonal and diurnal variations in simultaneously measured forest-floor CO₂ effluxes and soil CO₂ concentration profiles in a 54-year-old Douglas fir forest on the east coast of Vancouver Island. We used small solid-state infrared CO₂ sensors for long-term continuous real-time measurement of CO₂ concentrations at different depths, and measured half-hourly soil CO₂ effluxes with an automated non-steady-state chamber. We describe a simple steady-state method to measure CO₂ diffusivity in undisturbed soil cores. The method accounts for the CO₂ production in the soil and uses an analytical solution to the diffusion equation. The diffusivity was related to air-filled porosity by a power law function, which was independent of soil depth. CO₂ concentration at all depths increased with increase in soil temperature, likely due to a rise in CO₂ production, and with increase in soil water content due to decreased diffusivity or increased CO₂ production or both. It also increased with soil depth reaching almost 10 mmol mol⁻¹ at the 50-cm depth. Annually, soil CO₂ efflux was best described by an exponential function of soil temperature at the 5-cm depth, with the reference efflux at 10 °C (F₁₀) of 2.6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the Q₁₀ of 3.7. No evidence of displacement of CO₂-rich soil air with rain was observed.Effluxes calculated from soil CO₂ concentration gradients near the surface closely agreed with the measured effluxes. Calculations indicated that more than 75% of the soil CO₂ efflux originated in the top 20 cm soil. Calculated CO₂ production varied with soil temperature, soil water content and season, and when scaled to 10 °C also showed some diurnal variation. Soil CO₂ efflux and concentrations as well as soil temperature at the 5-cm depth varied in phase. Changes in CO₂ storage in the 0–50 cm soil layer were an order of magnitude smaller than measured effluxes. Soil CO₂ efflux was proportional to CO₂ concentration at the 50-cm depth with the slope determined by soil water content, which was consistent with a simple steady-state analytical model of diffusive transport of CO₂ in the soil. The latter proved successful in calculating effluxes during 2004.     

CO2浓度倍增及气候变暖对农业生产影响的诊断与评估

模拟实验研究了CO2 浓度倍增对我国主要粮食作物 (小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆 )和蔬菜 (大白菜、黄瓜 )生长发育与产量形成的影响以及气候变暖对农业实用技术和农业气候条件的影响 ,进行农业诊断和评估 ,并提出应对CO2 浓度倍增与气候变暖的农业适应策略     

大气CO2浓度升高条件下施加生物炭对水稻生物量分配及产量的影响

  【目的】  大气二氧化碳 (CO₂) 浓度升高会影响作物光合作用,土壤中添加生物炭能够影响作物根系生长,但关于二者互作对作物的影响尚未有明确结论,鉴于此,我们研究了CO₂浓度升高与施用生物炭两者互作对作物的影响。  【方法】  盆栽试验在北京昌平进行,供试水稻品种为吉粳88。试验共设计4个处理,常规大气CO₂浓度 (CK)、常规大气CO₂浓度 + 生物炭 (B)、高浓度CO₂ (F)、高浓度CO₂ + 生物炭 (F + B),常规大气和高浓度CO₂分别为400和550 μmol/mol,生物炭添加量为20 g/kg。于水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期取样,测定株高、各器官生物量、产量构成因素。  【结果】  相较于CK,其他3个处理均提高了分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期的水稻株高,F + B处理株高在3个时期平均分别增加了2.4%、1.3%、4.9% (P < 0.01)。相较于CK,其他3个处理均增加了水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期的单茎、叶片、根系和地上部总干重,B处理和F处理对水稻叶片、根系和地上部总干重的影响均达到极显著水平,F + B处理仅对根系干重的影响达到显著水平 (P < 0.05)。与CK相比,F + B处理的水稻根冠比在分蘖期没有显著变化,抽穗期增加了10.7%,而拔节期和成熟期分别降低了5.0%、12.7%。相较对照,常规大气CO₂浓度下施生物炭 (B) 及单增CO₂浓度处理 (F) 水稻穗长和千粒重增幅达到极显著水平。F + B处理水稻产量构成均表现出增加趋势,仅对千粒重的影响达到极显著水平。  【结论】  高CO₂浓度有利于水稻植株地上部和地下部生长及干物质积累,但会降低结实率及最终产量;在高CO₂浓度下配施生物炭不仅促进植株生长和干物质积累的效果更佳,还显著提高产量构成因素,显示出良好的互作效应。