补饲马铃薯藤对山羊生长性能、消化率和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在探讨马铃薯藤饲喂水平对山羊生长性能、养分消化率和胴体特征的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(14.42±0.24)kg的40头山羊随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头.T1组仅饲喂干草,T2组饲喂干草+100％马铃薯藤,T3组饲喂干草+50％马铃薯藤+50％浓缩料,T4组饲喂100％浓缩料.在为期10周的饲养试...     

中草药对山羊生长性能和胴体特征的影响

文章旨在研究在山羊日粮中添加中草药对其生长性能和胴体特征的影响.试验将平均体重为(19.22±0.08)kg的45头山羊随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头羊.对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组分别用10％的穿心莲茎叶和全珠穿心莲替代苜蓿草,试验共进行14周.结果:饲喂全珠穿心莲的山羊末重、屠体重、采食量和日增重分别较...     

日粮添加马铃薯粉对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本研究旨在评估非常规饲料资源马铃薯粉在育肥猪上的应用,研究其对猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验将450头体重一致的育肥猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组分别饲喂马铃薯粉添加水平为10％和20％的日粮,试验为期56?d.结果:与对照组相比,10％马铃薯粉组29～56?d及...     

日粮中添加硒、碘对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选择长白＊荣昌一代杂种仔猪，研究了基础日粮中添加0．1mg／kg、0．2mg／kg和0．3mg／kg的硒和碘对仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明，仔猪基础日粮中添加硒和碘显著提高了仔猪日增重，且0．3mg／kg处理效果最好。3种处理试验期60天每头仔猪仅饲料成本就分别节约8．25元、21．98元和39．50元。     

喹赛多对山羊生长性能及胴体品质的影响

60只3月龄左右杂交山羊,随机分为6组,空白对照组饲料不添加任何药物,药物对照组饲料添加50 mg/kg喹乙醇,4个试验组饲料中分别添加25、50、150和250 mg/kg喹赛多,试验期90 d.结果表明喹赛多25、50和150mg/kg能改善山羊平均日增重(ADG)4.4%、14.5%和7.2%,提高饲料转化率(FCR)5.9%、12.0%和7.4%.喹赛多250 mg/kg提高FCR 8.6%,但降低ADG 2.1%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组ADG和FCR均高于喹乙醇组.喹赛多50 mg/kg降低山羊腹泻频率39.0%,但随剂量增加,其抗腹泻作用下降.喹赛多25、50、150和250 mg/kg能提高山羊屠宰率2.5%、9.0%、5.0%和1.0%,增加眼肌面积4.8%、34.1%、16.1%和14.0%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组山羊净肉率提高14.0%,高于其他各组.喹赛多各剂量均能显著增高肌肉pH值,平均降低滴水损失值13.7%.可见,喹赛多适宜剂量,尤其50 mg/kg,有较好的促进山羊生长和改善胴体品质的作用.     

不同类型油脂对黑山羊生长、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加大豆油、葵花油和芝麻油对黑山羊生长和屠宰性能、养分摄入量及胴体品质的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重为(19.5±0.38)kg的黑山羊30头,随机分为3组,每组10头,每头羊作为1个重复。日粮采用以玉米、小麦、大麦和豆粕为主的全混合日粮,各组日粮中分别添加3%大豆油、葵花油和芝麻油,各组日粮主要营养成分保持一致,试验进行15周。结果 :葵花油组较大豆油和芝麻油组显著降低了干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的摄入量(P <0.05),豆油和芝麻油组显著提高了黑山羊的增重(P <0.05),芝麻油组较大豆油和葵花油组料比最低(P <0.05)。大豆油和芝麻油组较葵花油组显著提高了黑山羊的空腹体重(P <0.05),但葵花油和芝麻油组较大豆油组显著提高了肉羊的热胴体、冷胴体重量(P <0.05)。芝麻油组较其他两组显著提高了肝重和肾脏脂肪含量(P <0.05),同时显著降低了胃重和肠系膜脂肪含量(P <0.05)。芝麻油组较大豆油和葵花油组显著提高了肉羊眼肌宽度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加芝麻油可以降低黑山羊的料肉比,提高营养物质的摄入量和屠宰性能,改善眼肌质量。     

Effects of yeast selenium supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of goose

The aim was to investigate the effects of yeast selenium (YS) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant variables of geese. A total of 96 one-day-old geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group and eight geese in each replicate. The birds were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/kg YS (on selenium basis) during the 63-day experiment. Yeast selenium supplementation showed no effect on the growth performance of geese, but significantly improved the meat quality. No changes in ash or fat content were observed in breast muscle, but significant (p < 0.05) protein content increase was detected in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups. Yeast selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) promoted Se deposition in liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle and the highest increases were all detected in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Yeast selenium supplementation enhanced the organ and cellular immunity of geese, but did not alter the humoral immunity. Furthermore, dietary YS significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the antioxidant capacity of both muscle and liver, but the effects varied with YS levels and organs. Hence, dietary YS supplementation was a good measure to improve the meat quality, Se content, immunity function, and antioxidant capacity of goose.     

不同硒源对蛋鸡生产性能和硒沉积的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同硒源及不同水平对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋中硒沉积量的影响。试验选择产蛋率一致的海兰褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共设计5种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮(不添加硒),处理组分别在基础日粮中添加2个水平的无机硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒,亚硒酸钠)以及2个水平的酵母硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒),试验共进行16周。结果发现,无论日粮添加酵母硒还是无机硒,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡生产性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。从第9周到试验结束,0.4mg/kg无机硒和0.8mg/kg酵母硒组较对照组和0.8mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。试验第9周开始,对照组、0.8mg/kg无机硒组和0.4mg/kg酵母硒组产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮无机硒或酵母硒添加水平的升高,鸡蛋中硒的沉积量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。从第4周开始到试验结束,无机硒或酵母硒组较对照组均显著提高了鸡蛋中硒含量(P<0.05)。在同一硒添加水平及同一时间下,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒含量(P<0.05),随着试验时间的增加,对照组鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,日粮硒的来源和添加水平直接影响鸡蛋硒沉积量,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒沉积量。日粮中酵母硒的添加量可以达到0.8mg/kg,对蛋鸡生产性能无负面影响。     

甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响

文章旨在评估甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(764.45±17.54)g的240只肉兔随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,即对照组和3个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3、6和9 g/kg甘草提取物.试验进行到12周后开展相关数据记录与样品测定.结果:3 g/kg甘草提取...     

日粮添加海藻对肉牛生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在评估海藻在肉牛上的应用,研究其对肉牛生长性能、血清生化和肉品质的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(600.09±1.73)kg的荷斯坦肉牛16头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头.对照组饲喂以玉米和青贮玉米为主的日粮,处理组饲喂与对照组营养水平相近的日粮,但日粮中添加15 g/kg海藻粉.试验共进行20周....     

酵母硒和酵母铬对羔羊生长性能、胴体品质、血液激素及代谢产物的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加酵母硒和酵母铬对羔羊生长性能、胴体品质、血液相关指标的影响。试验选择平均体重为(26±4.75)kg的呼伦贝尔羔羊60只,随机分为6组,每组10只,每只羊作为1个重复。日粮采用2×3多因子设计,其中2个酵母硒水平(0和0.3 mg/kg,以硒计)和3个酵母铬水平(0、0.2和0.3 mg/kg,以铬计),试验共进行12周。随着酵母铬添加水平的升高,羔羊采食量显著线性升高(P <0.05)。酵母硒组羔羊末重、总增重和日增重随酵母铬添加水平的升高显著线性升高(P <0.05)。无酵母硒组随酵母铬添加水平的升高,血浆葡萄糖水平显著线性升高(P <0.05)。血浆甘油三酯和胰岛素水平随酵母铬添加水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05)。酵母硒组血浆甘油三酯和胰岛素水平随酵母铬添加水平的升高显著线性升高(P <0.05),而血浆尿酸含量显著线性下降(P <0.05)。无酵母硒组随酵母铬添加水平的升高,眼肌面积和胴体蛋白沉积量显著线性升高(P <0.05)。酵母硒组添加酵母铬对羔羊胴体相关指标均具有显著影响(P <0.05),其中屠体重、热胴体和冷胴体重、眼肌面积和能量沉积量随酵母铬添加水平表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05),而脂肪含量和脂肪沉积量显著线性降低(P <0.05)。综上所述,硒酵母与铬酵母联合使用可以提高羔羊生产性能和改善胴体组成,改善血液激素和代谢产物,从而提高羊肉品质。     

斜发沸石添加水平对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验研究基础日粮中添加不同水平的斜发沸石对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、肉品质的影响,旨在获得苏淮猪育肥期斜发沸石的适宜添加量。选择体重相近(50 kg左右)、健康的苏淮阉公猪40头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组共4个处理组,每组10头。预试期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期64 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ至Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的斜发沸石。于试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,用于屠宰测定和肉质检测。结果表明:1)第1阶段(体重56~68 kg)和第2阶段(体重83~98 kg),终末体重、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异;但斜发沸石水平对第1阶段和第2阶段平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)并呈线性(P=0.02,P=0.047)二次方升高趋势(P=0.01)。2)对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组苏淮猪的生长曲线拐点分别是:第50.26天86.06 kg、第40.22天87.15 kg、第38.27天89.69 kg和第45.98天89.02 kg;最大日增重分别是0.702、0.743、0.814和0.855 kg/d,说明在饲料中添加斜发沸石后,可延长育肥猪到达生长曲线拐点体重。3)斜发沸石水平对眼肌面积和肌内脂肪影响显著(P<0.05),眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方(P=0.01)变化;肌内脂肪呈线性(P=0.01),二次方(P=0.03)升高;胴体重和系水力分别随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈线性(P=0.07,P=0.09)升高趋势。试验表明:苏淮育肥猪采食量、胴体重和肌内脂肪随日粮斜发沸石添加水平增加呈线性升高,系水力呈线性升高趋势,但眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方变化,先升高后降低。因此,添加2%斜发沸石有利于采食量、胴体重和肌内脂升高,有助于系水力降低;但从增加眼肌面积的角度考虑,斜发沸石的适宜添加比例为1%。     

Effect of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality in three genotypes of chicken

The effects of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid (NA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were investigated in three genotypes of chicken. Fast‐growing AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were compared with two genotypes of a slow‐growing local breed, Beijing‐You, that had undergone selection for and against intramuscular fat content respectively (BJY+IMF and BJY?IMF). The treatments were arranged 3 × 4 factorial completely randomized design. Day‐old females (n = 624) were allocated to four treatments with six replicates per treatment and fed diets (basal contained ～25 mg NA/kg) supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg NA/kg. A sample of 72 birds from each genotype was slaughtered at market time (8 weeks of age for AA and 16 weeks of age for BJY). The breast muscles of AA broilers were darker, had less redness and yellowness, lower drip loss and higher shear force as compared to the BJY genotypes (p < 0.01). The highest drip loss and the lowest shear force among the three genotypes were apparent in BJY+IMF (p < 0.01). Increasing supplementation from 0 to 60 mg NA/kg tended to increase average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, width of intermuscular fat band, thickness of subcutaneous fat (including skin) and percentage of abdominal fat but, for most variables, values decreased slightly with 120 mg NA/kg. Increasing supplementation to 60 mg NA/kg decreased (quadratic, p < 0.001) drip loss, but it increased at 120 mg NA/kg. The present results indicate that (i) the AA broilers fed corn–soybean meal based‐diets require approximately 60 mg NA/kg to maximize ADG and meat product yield and decrease the drip loss of breast muscle; (ii) the addition of 30 mg NA/kg meets the requirement of BJY genotypes; and (iii) there seems to be no beneficial effect of NA supplementation on chicken meat quality except for limiting the drip loss.     

Effects of dietary Selenomethionine supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status,plasma selenium concentration,and immune function in weaning pigs

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of DL-selenomethionine (DL-SeMet) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, plasma selenium (Se) concentration, and immune function of weaning pigs. 216 weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 6 replicates each according to a complete randomized block design. Each replicate had six pigs. Diet of group one was corn-soybean basal diet without any additional Se supplement. Group 2 was supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite. Groups 3-6 were supplemented with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/kg of Se from DL-SeMet, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days.

Results

Pigs supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg DL-SeMet obtained better feed gain ratio (P < 0.05). The best antioxidant ability (serum, liver, and muscle) was shown in 0.1-0.3 mg/kg DL-SeMet groups (P < 0.05). The plasma Se concentration increased as the dietary DL-SeMet level elevated. The immunity among groups was not affected.

Conclusions

DL-SeMet supplementation in the diet significantly improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and plasma Se content of weaning pigs. DL-SeMet can replace sodium selenite in the diet of weaning pigs.     

饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响

为探明饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响,本研究将36只健康、体重相近的2月龄左右努比亚母羊随机分为3组,每组12只羊,试验羊分别饲喂添加0 (试验Ⅰ组)、0.5‰ (试验Ⅱ组)和1.0‰ (试验Ⅲ组)益生菌的基础饲粮,试验期为70 d。结果表明：1) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的胴体重和后腿重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅱ组山羊的宰前活重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均高于其他两组(P > 0.05)。2) 各组间山羊的肌肉pH、熟肉率、失水率、剪切力和肉色无显著差异(P > 0.05)。3) 试验Ⅲ组山羊的心脏重量和指数显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.05),但其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。4) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(villus height/crypt depth, VH/CD)显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05);试验Ⅰ组山羊的空肠隐窝深度显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05),而回肠绒毛高度则显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加低水平益生菌在一定程度上能够改善山羊的屠宰性能和器官发育。     

牛至油对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同浓度的牛至油对肥育猪生长性能和肉质特性的影响。试验选择32头阉割公猪和32头后备母猪随机分成4个组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4和0.8mg/kg牛至油,试验共开展5周。试验结束后禁食12h,称重后屠宰。经过一夜的冷却,从屠体上取50cm的腰肌(每组8头,4头公猪、4头母猪)。日粮中添加牛至精油对生长猪末重、日增重、屠宰率均无显著差异(P>0.05),同时各组最长肌嫩度、屠宰后45min和24h后的pH、肉色及感官特性也无显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,脂质氧化试验结果显示,日粮添加牛至油对肌肉无明显的抗氧化作用(P>0.05)。综上所述,由于胴体和肉质属性均无显著变化,说明本试验中日粮添加不同水平牛至油对猪的肉质参数没有影响。     

Effects of supplementation with green tea by‐products on growth performance,meat quality,blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation in goats

Forty‐eight castrated male goats were used to determine the effects of feeding green tea by‐products (GTB) on growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation. Experimental treatments consisted of basal diets supplemented with four levels of GTB (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0%). Four replicate pens were assigned to each treatment with three goats per replicate. Increasing dietary GTB tended to linearly increase the overall average weight gain and feed intake (p = 0.09). Water holding capacity, pH and sensory attributes of meat were not affected by GTB supplementation, while cooking loss was reduced both linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01). The redness (linear; p = 0.02, quadratic; p < 0.01) and yellowness (quadratic; p < 0.01) values of goat meat were improved by GTB supplementation. Increasing dietary GTB quadratically increased protein and decreased crude fat (p < 0.05), while linearly decreased cholesterol (p = 0.03) content of goat meat. The proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐6 PUFA increased linearly (p < 0.01) and n‐3 PUFA increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as GTB increased in diets. Increasing dietary GTB linearly increased the PUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acid) and tended to linearly and quadratically increase (p ≤ 0.10) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of meat were lower in the 2.0% GTB‐supplemented group in all storage periods (p < 0.05). Dietary GTB linearly decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.01) and quadratically decreased urea nitrogen concentrations (p = 0.001). The growth of spleen cells incubated in concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharides medium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to GTB supplementation. Our results suggest that GTB may positively affect the growth performance, meat quality, blood metabolites and immune cell proliferation when supplemented as a feed additive in goat diet.     

Effects of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on selenium distribution and meat quality of pigs

Abstract

The study was conducted on 60 pigs kept in individual pens. The animals were allocated to four groups. The growing-finishing pigs from the control group were fed with basic feed containing 0.3 mg selenium (Se) derived from Na₂SeO₃ kg^?1 and 60 mg of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate kg^?1. The remaining three groups were differentiated by adding 0.2 mg kg^?1 Se-enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and/or 60 mg vitamin E to feed (grower and finisher). Our results show that the addition of organic Se to inorganic Se commonly used in pig feed caused a significant increase in hepatic Se and muscle. This indicates the possibility of using these products as functional foods to improve Se status in humans residing within regions which are deficient in this trace element. We found no beneficial effect of supplementation with vitamin E and Se on the quality of the meat.     

补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究草颗粒和草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取20只6月龄体重为(28.83±0.19) kg乌珠穆沁羊,采用随机区组设计,随机分为2组,每组10只。设计2种日粮饲喂乌珠穆沁羊,分别为草颗粒(对照组)和草颗粒补饲精料(试验组)。结果表明:补饲精料未能显著影响羊的日增重(P>0.05),日增重分别为56.33和60.00 g。对照组和试验组的3项屠宰性能指标(宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率)、6项化学成分指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、有机物、干物质、钙、磷)、6项肉品质指标(pH1、pH24、大理石纹、亮度、熟肉率、剪切力)、16项脂肪酸指标和15项氨基酸指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验组羊4项屠宰性能指标(净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值)、4项肉品质指标(红度、黄度、胆固醇、失水率)、6项脂肪酸指标(十三碳酸、肉豆蔻酸、珍珠酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸)和3项氨基酸指标(异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组7项主要脂肪酸(丁酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、十五碳酸、十五碳烯酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、n-6/n-3)、苏氨酸和谷氨酸显著高于试验组(P<0.05)。饲喂草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生长性能影响不大;天然草地草颗粒饲喂能满足家畜营养需求,在促进乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质方面具有重大潜力。     

性别和添加卵磷脂对育肥猪生长性能、肉质和肌肉胶原含量的影响

本文旨在探讨性别和日粮添加卵磷脂对肥育猪生长性能、肉质、肌肉胶原蛋白含量及胶原合成关键基因表达的影响。试验选择272头二元杂交猪(阉割公猪和后备母猪各半),将其随机分到2×2因子组别中,包括2个性别(后备母猪和阉割公猪)和2个日粮(基础日粮和0.4%卵磷脂)。饲养5周后对猪只进行屠宰,取背长肌进行肉质和胶原蛋白含量的测定。分析骨骼肌参与胶原蛋白合成的关键基因(I型胶原COL1A1,III型胶原COL3A1,α-subunit prolyl4-hydroxylase(P4H)、赖氨酰化氧化酶(Lysyloxidase)和metalloproteinase-1(金属蛋白酶-1,MMP-1)的mRNA相对表达水平。结果显示:卵磷脂提高了阉割公猪和后备母猪的饲料转化率(P <0.05),但对采食量、平均日增重和屠宰率无显著影响(P> 0.05)。卵磷脂对肌肉剪切力、胶原蛋白含量及相关基因表达均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。阉割公猪生长速度和COL1A1基因mRNA相对表达水平均显著高于后备母猪(P <0.05)。但育肥猪性别对最长肌背膘厚度、胶原蛋白含量和相关基因表达水平无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综上所述,卵磷脂在不影响猪肉品质的前提下提高了育肥猪的饲料转化率。因此,在夏季高脂育肥猪日粮中添加卵磷脂有益于生产。