秦川牛和郏县红牛GBP2基因拷贝数变异检测及其对生长性状的效应分析

本研究旨在黄牛中检测GBP2基因的拷贝数变异及其遗传效应分析。运用实时定量荧光PCR(q PCR)技术,分别在80头秦川牛和30头郏县红牛个体中检测GBP2基因2个拷贝数变异CNV1和CNV2,并对GBP2基因这2个拷贝数变异与黄牛的生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明:GBP2基因拷贝数在秦川牛和郏县红牛中均存在Gain(拷贝数增加)、Median(拷贝数正常)和Loss(拷贝数缺失)3种类型;关联分析发现,GBP2基因拷贝数变异对秦川牛体长、体高和体重等几个重要性状的影响差异显著(P0.05),其中CNV1和CNV2均表现为Loss/Median型在生长性状上优于Gain型;在郏县红牛中CNV1为Loss型的个体在腰角宽和坐骨端宽性状上显著强于Gain/Median型,CNV2则在体高上表现为Loss型优于Median型(P0.05)。因此,GBP2基因的拷贝数变异CNV1和CNV2均与生长性状显著相关,可作为秦川牛和郏县红牛的生长性状辅助选择分子标记之一。     

郏县红牛FGF13基因拷贝数变异及其与生长性状关联性分析

本研究旨在检测郏县红牛成纤维生长因子13（fibroblast growth factor 13, FGF13）基因的拷贝数变异（copy number variation, CNV）及其与生长性状之间的相关性分析。本研究利用实时定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR）技术,以57头郏县红牛为研究对象,检测FGF13基因CNV,并利用皮尔逊相关分析进行FGF13基因拷贝数与郏县红牛生长性状的关联分析。结果表明,郏县红牛FGF13基因的相对拷贝数高于对照组秦川牛（P<0.05）,在郏县红牛群体中,FGF13基因CNV位点存在拷贝数增加Gain,拷贝数正常Normal和拷贝数减少Loss三种类型;关联分析结果显示,FGF13基因的相对拷贝数与郏县红牛的体斜长呈显著的正相关（P<0.05）。该研究结果表明,FGF13基因的CNV位点与郏县红牛的生长性状显著相关,可作为分子标记应用于郏县红牛的分子标记辅助选择育种工作中。     

Polymorphism in GHRH gene and its association with growth traits in Chinese native cattle

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates growth hormone (GH) released from the pituitary. Mutations detected in GHRH gene showed associations with animal production traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the GHRH gene with growth traits in Chinese native cattle. PCR-SSCP and sequencing were used to detect mutations of the GHRH gene in this study. One novel mutation 4251nt (C>T) was found and the frequencies of C allele were 0.8778 and 0.8476 for Qinchuan and Nanyang cattle, respectively. Body weight with the CT genotype was significantly higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01) than those with CC genotype for different growth periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 months old) in Nanyang cattle. Our findings suggested that polymorphism in bovine GHRH might be one of the important genetic factors to influence body weight.     

Effects of porcine leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on backfat thickness,fat area ratios by image analysis,and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population

The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene is considered a candidate gene for fatness traits. It is located on SSC 6 in a region in which quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for backfat thickness (BF), fat area ratios, and serum leptin concentration (LEPC) have previously been detected in a Duroc purebred population. The objectives of the present study were to identify porcine LEPR polymorphisms and examine the effects of LEPR polymorphisms on fatness traits in this same population. The Duroc pigs (226 to 953 pigs) were evaluated for BF, fat area ratios using image analysis, and LEPC. A total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the full‐length LEPR coding region were identified in pigs from the base population. Four non‐synonymous SNPs of the LEPR gene and 15 microsatellite markers on SSC 6 were then genotyped in all pigs. During candidate gene analysis, we detected significant effects of the non‐synonymous SNP c.2002C>T in exon 14 on all traits. In fine mapping analysis, significant QTLs for BF, fat area ratios, and LEPC were detected near the LEPR gene in the same region. These results indicated that the c.2002C>T SNP of LEPR has a strong effect on BF, fat area ratios and LEPC.     

秦川牛CEBPA基因遗传变异对体尺和胴体性状的影响

试验以CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)为候选基因,采用直接测序的方法寻找秦川牛CEBPA基因SNP,筛查到一个新的多态位点T963G,该突变位于基因的编码区。运用PCR-RFLP方法验证并分析该位点在215头秦川牛群体中的多态性。结果表明:在秦川牛群体中分布A、B 2个等位基因,处于中度多态。经过χ2适合性检验,秦川牛群体在该位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。将该T963G位点的基因型与体尺、胴体性状进行关联分析,表明该位点与胴体重显著相关(P0.05),BB为有利基因型,B等位基因为有利等位基因,提示该位点有可能作为秦川牛胴体性状标记辅助选择的标记之一。     

秦川牛及其杂种牛生长性能及杂种优势研究

通过对4月龄纯种秦川牛(QQ)67头,安秦杂种牛(红安格斯牛♂×秦川牛♀,AQ)36头、德秦杂种牛(德国黄牛♂×秦川牛♀,DQ)14头和利秦杂种牛(利木赞牛♂×秦川牛♀,LQ)47头,共计164头牛生长发育性状特点及杂种优势的研究,发现LQ、DQ、AQ与QQ相比,在体重、体长、体高、胸围、十字部高等重要指标上具有明显的杂种优势。初步鉴定3个杂交组合后代在生长性能方面优于秦川牛纯种,表现杂种优势,达到改良目的。其中LQ与其他两个杂交群体相比,在生长发育过程中表现出更好的发育趋势,即LQ>DQ>AQ>QQ,是较为理想的杂交组合,而AQ和DQ群体在后期发育和被毛颜色上有不可替代的优越性。     

牛双肌基因PCR-SSCP分析

双肌(肌肉生长抑制素)基因是一种肌肉生长的负调控因子,试验应用PCR-SSCP和测序的方法对我国秦川牛、南阳牛双肌基因的第3外显子进行了多态性分析.结果表明:第3外显子938位G→A的单核苷酸突变造成了南阳牛第3外显子扩增片段呈多态性;秦川牛中未发现突变.     

Evaluation of effects of multiple candidate genes (LEP,LEPR, MC4R,PIK3C3, and VRTN) on production traits in Duroc pigs

We evaluated multiple effects of genetic variations of five candidate loci (LEP, LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN) on four production traits (average daily weight gain (ADG); backfat thickness (BFT); loin eye muscle area (EMA); and intramuscular fat content (IMF)) in a closed nucleus herd of pure Duroc pigs. Polymorphisms in LEPR, MC4R and PIK3C3 had significant single gene effects on ADG and BFT. The additive genetic variance in ADG and BFT (16.99% and 22.51%, respectively) was explained by genetic effects of these three loci. No correlations were observed between the LEP genotype and production traits in this study. Although we detected marginally epistatic interactions between LEPR and PIK3C3 on the eye muscle area, there were no significant epistatic effects on any traits among all loci pairs. These results suggest that LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN may independently influence growth rate and fat deposition. Furthermore, the statistical models for predicting the breeding values of each trait had the lowest Akaike's information criterion values when considering the effect of the MC4R, LEPR, PIK3C3 and VRTN genotype simultaneously. These results suggest that LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN are useful markers for accurately predicting breeding values in Duroc pigs.     

Evaluation of association between polymorphism within the thyroglobulin gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle

In dairy cattle, many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the centromeric end of chromosome 14 that affect milk production traits. One of the candidate genes in this QTL region – thyroglobulin (TG) – was previously found to be significantly associated with marbling in beef cattle. Thus, based on QTL studies in dairy cattle and because of possible effects of this gene on fat metabolism, we investigated the association of TG with milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1279 bulls from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository Holstein population were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism in TG used previously in beef cattle studies. Analysis of 29 sire families showed no significant association between TG variants and milk production traits. Within‐sire family analysis suggests that TG is neither the responsible gene nor a genetic marker in association with milk production traits.     

Leptin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Some Turkish Donkey Populations

Leptin receptor is a fundamental regulator in physiological functions of the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, immune function, and reproduction as well as on ovarian follicular cells on the placenta and lactating mammary glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the LEPR gene polymorphism in 60 donkeys reared in Thrace region of Turkey. A 585 bp long partial intron 6, exon 7, intron 7, and exon 8 regions of LEPR gene were amplified, and polymerase chain reaction products analyzed via DNA sequencing. A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified as g.713668A>G in the seventh exon region of LEPR gene. This novel SNP was first identified, and the partial DNA sequence of LEPR gene in donkeys was reported for the first time in this study, and these sequences were deposited to NCBI Genbank database with the accession number: MK807114-MK807115. The A>G transition revealed a silent mutation (CAA-CAG) in glutamine amino acid. This nucleotide mutation could cause the changes of secondary structure of protein and expression level of LEPR hormone. For this reason, additional studies are needed to reveal new SNPs and in the LEPR gene that may affect economic traits and structure of protein in donkey breeds.     

秦川牛运铁蛋白多态性与体尺、体重性状的关系分析

秦川牛运铁蛋白 (Tf)多态性与体尺、体重性状之间的关系分析表明 :( 1 )秦川牛体尺、体重的优势基因为TfD1与TfE ;( 2 )在胸深性状上 ,TfEF型的LSE值极显著地大于其它各基因型值 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,TfD1E、TfD1D2 、TfAA、TfEE、TfD2 E、TfD1D1、TfD2 D2 、TfAD1的LSE值显著地大于TfD2 F值 (P <0 .0 5) ;( 3)其他 8个性状各基因型值间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。     

中国黄牛宰前体尺和肉块产量相关的初步分析

本文根据中国四品种黄牛(秦川、晋南、鲁西和南阳牛)屠宰前测定的体尺和屠宰时测定的胴体体尺,分割牛肉肉块重量,采用计算机初步分析了它们之间的相关关系。     

安秦F_1代、和秦F_1代与秦川牛生长性能比较

[目的]为探讨安秦F1代与和秦F1代与秦川牛的生长发育情况。[方法]选择安秦、和秦、秦川公牛各10头作为2个试验组和1个对照组,测定6、12、18、24月龄的空腹体重、体长、体高、胸围数据,并进行比较分析。[结果]表明,在集约化饲养条件下,6～24月龄的安秦F1代体重及各项体尺指标,均显著高于秦川牛（P〈0.05）,和...     

秦川牛血红蛋白标记位点与体尺、体重的关系分析

对２２０头秦川牛血红蛋白位点与体尺,体重的关系分析表明：（１）在体高、十字部 胸深性状上,ＣＣ型的ＬＳＥ值明显高于ＡＣ型;（２）在胸宽、胸围、体长和体重性状上,ＢＢ型的ＬＳＥ值分别高于ＡＣ型;（３）确定血红蛋白位点Ｂ基因为秦川牛体尺、体重性状的优势基因。     

The association of bovine T1R family of receptors polymorphisms with cattle growth traits

The three members of the T1R class of taste-specific G protein-coupled receptors have been proven to function in combination with heterodimeric sweet and umami taste receptors in many mammals that affect food intake. This may in turn affect growth traits of livestock. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine TAS1R gene family, which encodes receptors for umami and sweet tastes. Complete DNA sequences of TAS1R1-, TAS1R2-, and TAS1R3-coding regions, obtained from 436 unrelated female cattle, representing three breeds (Qinchuan, Jiaxian Red, Luxi), revealed substantial coding and noncoding diversity. A total of nine SNPs in the TAS1R1 gene were identified, among which seven SNPs were in the coding region, and two SNPs were in the introns. All five SNPs in the TAS1R2 gene and all three SNPs in the TAS1R3 gene were identified in the coding region. Four SNPs (TAS1R1 g.5081C>T, TAS1R1 g.5110C>A, TAS1R2 g.288A>G, TAS1R2 g.2552T>C) were significantly associated with body height of Qinchuan cattle (P<0.05). The heterozygous genotypes of the four SNPs showed a molecular heterosis on cattle heights at hip cross and sacra. The individuals with different genotypic combinations of the four SNPs had significant association with heights at hip cross and sacra (P<0.05).     

秦川牛选育方法的探讨——几个位点基因频率变化的分析

本文通过对秦川牛的调查,分别以表型选择与测交选择、仅对公牛选择与两性同时选择对其后代的遗传进展的分析结果表明,对于孟德尔性状,在显性基因有利时,应当采用测交选择显性纯合子公牛留种,并对母牛进行选择;在隐性基因有利时,两性同时选择,淘汰不利的显性基因,其后代的遗传进展效应将成倍增长。这一结论也适合于中国黄牛中其他品种。     

PLIN基因多态性与秦川牛胴体、肉质性状的相关性研究

旨在研究PLIN基因第3、4外显子多态性与秦川牛部分产肉性状的关系。以相同饲养条件下18~24月龄的405头秦川牛为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP方法和测序技术,对PLIN基因第3、4外显子进行SNPs位点检测,并将发现的SNPs位点与部分产肉性状进行关联性分析。结果,在第3外显子的156 bp处发生T→C突变,第4外显子的14 bp处发生C→T突变。方差分析表明:AB基因型个体的宰前活体质量、胴体质量、背膘厚和眼肌面积显著高于AA和BB基因型个体(P0.05),而且相对于AA基因型个体达到差异极显著水平(P0.01);DE基因型个体的胴体长、胴体胸深和背膘厚显著高于DD和EE基因型个体(P0.05),DD基因型个体的肌肉嫩度极显著高于EE和DE基因型个体(P0.01)。研究显示,PLIN基因单核苷酸多态性对秦川牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响胴体和肉质的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。     

Association analysis of novel polymorphisms in 2′, 5′‐oligoadenylate synthetase gene with reproductive traits in indigenous and cross‐bred cattle of Indian Origin

2′, 5′‐Oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) are important components of an interferon‐mediated antiviral pathway. No polymorphisms in exonic regions of bovine OAS1 gene have been identified and associated with reproduction traits. The objective of the study was to detect and evaluate the effects of mutations in exonic region of bovine OAS1 gene with reproduction traits in cattle. DNA samples collected from 250 individual cows of two Indian dairy breeds (Sahiwal and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The genetic variants of the OAS1 gene were identified with polymerase chain reaction–single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) and sequence analysis using seven set of primer pairs. The PCR‐SSCP analysis revealed polymorphism in the fragments comprising of exon 2, exon 5 and first fragment of exon 6 while the fragments of exons 1, 3, 4 and second fragment of exon 6 were monomorphic in Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle. The mutations in the amplified region comprising of exon 2 were found to have significant association with age at first breeding and calving, service period, dry period and pregnancy rate. Significant associations were found between SNPs in the exon 5 and service and dry periods of the animal, whereas the genetic variants in the first fragment of the exon 6 showed significant association with age at first breeding and calving. To our knowledge, this study demonstrated for the first time that the polymorphisms in OAS1 gene were associated with reproductive traits and it can be chosen as a candidate gene for improvement of reproductive performance of cattle.     

PLIN2基因在秦川肉牛皮下脂肪组织中的表达规律及基因多态性与肉质性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究围脂滴蛋白2（PLIN2）基因在秦川肉牛皮下脂肪组织中的表达情况及基因多态性与肉质性状的关联分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测PLIN2基因mRNA在不同月龄（6~60月龄）秦川肉牛皮下脂肪组织中的表达情况;选取18~24月龄的健康秦川肉牛536头,采集血样并测定肉质性状指标,研究PLIN2基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和氨基酸突变,并与秦川肉牛肉质性状进行关联分析。结果发现,PLIN2基因在秦川肉牛皮下脂肪组织中的表达量呈先上升后下降趋势,18月龄时表达量最高。测序共发现9个SNPs位点,其中g.C7919>T位点不同基因型肌内脂肪含量差异显著（P<0.05）,CT基因型显著高于TT和CC基因型;g.C7933>T位点不同基因型背膘厚及肌内脂肪含量均呈显著差异（P<0.05）,CC和CT基因型个体背膘厚显著高于TT基因型,CT基因型个体肌内脂肪含量显著高于TT和CC基因型;g.G8015>C位点CC基因型个体肌内脂肪含量显著高于GG和GC基因型（P<0.05）;3'UTR区域g.T8496>C位点TC基因型个体肌内脂肪含量显著高于CC和TT基因型（P<0.05）;g.C8578>T位点TT基因型个体背膘厚显著高于CT和CC基因型（P<0.05）。综上,PLIN2基因对秦川肉牛肉质性状发育有一定影响,可作为秦川肉牛现代分子选育的候选参考基因。