股骨骨折的固定方法探究

总结以往的临床经验,改进传统的骨折固定方法,提高骨折固定手术的成功率。以新疆农业大学动物中心医院接诊的骨折病例为实验动物,挑选出5例典型股骨骨折病例,其中1例实施外固定法,4例实施内固定配合外固定手术方法。4例内固定的患犬中,2例患犬又使用了外固定更替疗法。实施外固定法的1个病例出现畸形愈合,4例内固定手术均愈合良好,其中使用外固定更替法的2例患犬,骨折愈合非常理想。在股骨骨折治疗中,内固定的效果比外固定的效果好。内固定术后,相对于单一的托马斯架外固定,更替法会取得更好的疗效。     

拉布拉多猎犬股骨骨折内固定一例

骨折是骨头完全或部分断裂。犬的骨折多发生于四肢的长骨，常见于博美犬的前肢骨折和警犬、猎犬的后肢股骨骨折。犬股骨完全骨折时，因股部上宽下窄，进行外固定比较困难，同时股部肌肉丰满，在体外很难将骨折断端复位或长期保持稳定，治疗时必须采取内固定的方式。杭州天使动物诊所门诊部采用钢板内固定术治疗拉布拉多猎犬股骨骨折一例，取得良好效果，现报告如下。     

发育期幼犬长骨骨折内固定的治疗体会

四肢长骨骨折在幼犬中比较常见,以往多采用牵拉整复或小夹板外固定等保守疗法,治疗后由于骨断端固定或对合不良往往容易出现愈合后骨变形。近年来内固定手术优势明显,临床使用日益广泛,笔者根据幼犬骨骼发育特点,从骨折内固定手术治疗的意义及内固定物的选择方面总结了治疗体会,为临床提高发育期幼犬长骨骨折内固定的成功率提供参考。     

犬、猫四肢骨折后骨不愈合的原因分析

近年来由于车祸、动物间争斗、高空跌落等原因造成的犬、猫四肢骨骨折的病例逐渐增多,其中相当部分病例需要进行骨折内固定治疗,而笔者在临床诊治中发现有一些进行内固定手术治疗的患畜术后出现骨愈合不良,其主要表现为延期愈合、不愈合及畸形愈合等.     

钛镍记忆合金环抱器在1例贵宾犬股骨骨折的应用

<正>骨折是指骨或软骨的连续性部分或完全中断~([1])。骨折是宠物临床上常见的外科疾病,其中以股骨骨折发生率最高,几乎占全部骨折的20%~30%。骨折的治疗包括内固定和外固定两种方法,由于股骨周围肌肉组织丰富,应用外固定达不到良好的治疗效果,故在临床上股骨骨折多采取内固定的方法进行治疗。笔者针对1例贵宾犬股骨骨折病例,采用钛镍记忆合金环抱器进行内固定,取得良好的治疗效果。1病例基本情况     

一例犬桡尺骨骨折内固定的病例报告

正骨折是指骨结构的连续性完全或部分断裂。有研究表明,桡尺和尺骨骨折占犬、猫骨折总数的8.5%～18%~([1])。临床上90%以上的病例都是桡骨和尺骨同时骨折,以横骨折和斜骨折多发[2]。临床上治疗多以骨板内固定为主,在大型犬需要对桡骨和尺骨分别进行固定,在小型犬只需要固定桡骨,但小型犬远端桡骨的血供比大型犬少,骨远端周围的软组织也较少,如果植入物选择不当或者操作过程中对软组织损伤严重,容易造成骨不愈合或愈合延迟。笔者在临床上多次使用骨板内     

小动物四肢骨折的简易治疗

铁丝网笼饲养小动物 (狐貉兔等 )易发四肢骨折 ,门诊收治该病动物 ,用传统石膏绷带法治疗 ,因动物的啃咬致使固定失效。我们使用易拉罐铝皮固定法治疗骨折疗效极佳。具体操作方法是 :取空易拉罐数个 ,剪去两端盖 ,展开罐体成长方形铝片。依动物四肢骨折部位情况 ,将铝片剪切成合适宽度。骨折部包一层药棉并用绷带缠绕后 ,就可以在上面包扎准备好的铝片 ,一层层绕紧即可。体重 7kg以下的动物包 3层 ,体重 7kg以上的动物包 5层。包好后 ,在其两端用铝导线捆住 ,最后用钳子将包扎铝皮两端边向外翻转压在铝线上即可 ,1月后除去固定。门诊治疗 5…     

双骨板内固定技术在猫股骨粉碎性骨折上的应用

正猫股骨粉碎性骨折是指在外力作用下完整的骨骼结构遭到破坏,碎裂成3片以上,常伴发骨干短缩、成角移位,常常预后不良。目前在动物临床上粉碎性骨折尚未有较理想的固定方式,常用的固定技术有骨水泥联合骨针(ESF)技术、混合型外固定支架技术、桥连技术等,但术后常出现感染、骨不愈合、骨畸形愈合、植入松脱等情况。在人医临床上治疗粉碎性骨折也常常预后不良,有学者统计,采用单侧钢板与髓内钉固定难以得到此类骨折良好的预后,钢板与髓内钉     

小型犬桡尺骨骨折的PRCL-S5型锁定骨板固定术诊疗

小型犬尤其是玩具型犬的桡尺骨远端骨折的治疗属于临床上的一大难题。治疗过程中需要考虑的问题有很多,如骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、骨髓腔堵塞、应力遮蔽和应力集中等。使用PRCL-S5型锁定骨板对小型犬桡尺骨远端进行内固定治疗,结合适当的术后护理措施,恢复良好。对常用的内固定方案进行了比较分析。     

一例犬胫腓骨骨折的内固定治疗

小动物胫腓骨骨折在临床上较为多见,包括单纯胫骨骨折、腓骨骨折和胫腓骨完全骨折等,骨折发生后多采用外固定进行治疗,效果比较理想,但如果骨折部位比较靠近关节,此时尽量采用内固定治疗,不至于引起关节僵硬的后遗症。作者通过结合发病情况、临床表现及X光和B超检查确诊一萨摩耶犬胫腓骨远端完全螺旋型骨折病例,使用接骨板和钢丝进行内固定,并结合一定的术后护理措施,恢复良好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.