河北省农产品批发市场信息化建设与发展研究

农产品市场信息体系建设是解决信息不对称、农民增产不增收的重要环节。伴随我国农业结构调整的逐步推进和市场经济的快速发展，农产品市场信息体系建设的形式、功能、主体、措施以及作用也不断发生着转变。河北省在农产品批发市场信息化的建设上已取得了一定成绩，但同时也存在着一些问题。笔者通过分析河北省农产品批发市场信息化建设中现状和问题，吸收借鉴先进省市农产品批发市场信息化建设的经验，提出适合河北省实际情况的对策建议。     

商务部等13部门联手推进农产品市场体系建设

商务部会同农业部等13个部门印发了《关于进一步加强农产品市场体系建设的指导意见》。 《意见》紧密围绕农产品市场体系公益性、高效性和稳定性的主线，从完善制度、优化架构、培育主体、推动创新、加强监管、政策保障等6个方面明确了农产品市场体系建设的发展方向和主要任务，争取利用5～10年的时间，逐步建立高效畅通、安全规范、竞争有序的中国特色农产品市场体系。     

多部委联合发文：大力发展农产品电商

日前．商务部、发改委、农业部、国家标准委等13个部门联合发布了进一步加强农产品市场体系建设的指导意见。意见指出，要大力发展农产品电商。将农产品电商作为重要的战略制高点．积极发展县域服务驱动型、特色品牌营销型等多元化的农产品电子商务模式。支持农产品批发市场依托场内加工配送中心，或依托产地集中配送中心和田头市场，开展线上线下相结合的产销一体化经营。此外，意见中也提出，要完善和细化管理系统．推广电子结算系统，支持引导农产品市场积极参与农产品流通追溯体系建设，实现来源可追、去向可查、责任可究。     

农业部将建立5大农业信息服务系统

从农业部获悉，今后将在全国建立农业监测预警系统、农产品供求和推介服务系统、农产品信息价格系统、农业科技信息联合服务系统和农业市场监管信息系统。在未来几年内，通过这5大信息服务系统的建设，开发和整合国内、国际资源，建设1个延伸到县乡的全国农村信息服务网络，在全国31个省、新疆生产建设兵团建立农业数据中心，     

农业信息化建设的工作重点

农业部副部长牛盾指出，今后一个时期，农业信息化工作应重点做好以下几方面工作： 1．加快推进“金农”工程和“三电合一”工程。“金农”工程即：建设农业监测预警系统、农产品和生产资料市场监管信息系统、农村市场与科技信息服务系统；开发整合国内、国际农业信息资源；提升中国农业信息网的支撑能力，建设延伸到县乡的全国农村信息服务网络。2005年，农业部在全国选择了具有一定基础的6个地级和50个县级农业部门，开始试点建设“三电合一”，服务效果很好。     

寒地黑土农产品品牌竞争力提升模型和策略研究

随着消费者品牌意识的不断增强、企业品牌管理的快速发展,寒地黑土农产品良好的品牌形象成为获得市场竞争力的关键因素之一。笔者在品牌内涵、主体属性、寒地黑土农产品品牌竞争力形成与特征的基础上,分析了寒地黑土农产品品牌竞争力建设基本情况与存在的问题,如品牌知名度薄弱、品牌定位简单、对品牌建设细节缺乏重视;此外,从能力因子、外力因子、竞争强度因子和主体因子四个方面提出了构建寒地黑土农产品品牌竞争力提升模型,并探索了提高寒地黑土农产品竞争力的策略,如确定农产品品牌定位、打造农产品品牌形象、加强农产品品牌建设,从而提升寒地黑土农产品品牌竞争力水平。     

关于加强推进农产品品牌建设工作的意见

为加快实施农产品品牌战略，大力开拓农产品市场，推进我区现代农业从生产型向市场经营型转变，提升全区现代农业市场化、产业化水平和产业经营层次，有效促进农业增效和农民增收，新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府现就加快推进农产品品牌建设提出如下意见：     

商务部：推动农产品市场立法，明确市场公益性地位

正7月3日商务部市场建设司副司长胡剑萍在国务院联防联控新闻发布会上表示,我国现有农产品市场4.4万家,其中批发市场4100多家。目前约七成农产品经由批发市场分销,农产品市场仍然是农产品流通的主渠道。下一步,商务部将会同有关部门,进一步加大农产品市场支持力度,提升软硬件建设水平,同时大力推动农产品市场立法工作,明确市场公益性地位,规范建设运营管理各项制度,为城乡居民创造更优更好的     

我国规模最大的农产品批发市场在粤建成

目前我国建设规模最大、投资最多、设备最完善、技术最先进的农产品批发市场——广东农产品中心批发市场正式试营业。这个位于南海市猩山区的市场是经中国国家计委、原国内贸易部批准，由广东省政府、南海市政府和中国蓝田总公司共同投资兴建的国家一级农产品中心批发市场。总体规划占地３０７公倾、投资３０亿元人民币，分交易、分储、加工、生活四大功能区。据介绍，为了改变目前全省农产品市场粗放型状况，广东拟用３年时间，在重要农产品产地、集散地优先培育建设３０个辐射面广、吞吐量大、功能齐全的中高级农产品批发市场。与传统农产…     

农产品如何进入市场

农产品能否在市场上畅销,是关系到农民是否加快增收致富步伐的大事.而农产品顺利进入市场的关键是加快农业产业化建设步伐.本文在概述加快农产品进入市场所面临的问题,分析了加快农产品进入市场的思路,提出了加快农产品进入市场的对策和措施.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein