沙埕港超强台风“桑美”灾害成因的数值模拟分析

以超强台风＂桑美＂风场数据为依据,应用考虑波浪折射、底部损耗及波浪破碎等的波谱模型推算近岸海域台风浪场;再应用考虑波浪的浅水变形、绕射、折射、反射、海底摩擦以及波浪之间的非线性相互作用的Boussinesq方程推算港内波浪参数。在此基础上,分析了沙埕港在＂桑美＂台风正面登陆时港内波浪分布的特征及灾害成因。     

油气混输管道中的波动现象

研究表明,在油气混输管道中,由于气液两相物性的差异和气液相间相互作用等原因,以及在管道停输、启动过程、段塞流动、清管、入口液量的瞬态变化等不稳定操作工况下,都伴随着不同的波动现象.气液多相管流中的波动现象,可分为密度波、压力波、界面波3种.不同性质波的存在加快了流体流动,增强了界面间能量和动量传递,使得两相流的传热、传质及流型都发生很大变化.同时,巨大的压力波动对管道及其下游处理设备带来一定的安全隐患.分析了气液两相流中密度波、压力波、界面波的研究进展,旨在为进一步研究油气混输管道瞬变流动提供理论借鉴.     

输气管道泄漏音波的产生及传播特性

对输气管道泄漏音波的产生和传播特性进行研究,分析了泄漏音波产生的形式,获得了音波信号的时域、频域及时频特征。结果显示：泄漏音波主要由介质与管道相互作用产生的单极子、偶极子和四极子声源所引起,表现为时域上能量突变,但所占时域较窄,所占频域较宽,主要能量集中在0-100Hz。利用软件对泄漏音波在特殊管件（弯管、变径、分支）中的传播特性进行模拟研究,并利用高压输气管道泄漏装置进行试验研究,分析了泄漏音波信号的传播规律,确定了影响音波信号衰减的主要因素。结果显示：音波在管内以平面波形式传播,随着传播距离的增大,音波基本呈指数规律衰减,在较低泄漏量下,泄漏音波信号幅值基本与泄漏孔径无关：音波信号经弯管和直管的损失基本为0,经分支和变径管损失较大。根据拟合计算结果,对于现有型号的音波传感器,其理论安装距离可达100km,利于长输管道的泄漏检测。     

Global Measurements of Stratospheric Mountain Waves from Space

Temperatures acquired by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) during shuttle mission STS-66 have provided measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from space. Large-amplitude, long-wavelength mountain waves at heights of 15 to 30 kilometers above the southern Andes Mountains were observed and characterized, with vigorous wave breaking inferred above 30 kilometers. Mountain waves also occurred throughout the stratosphere (15 to 45 kilometers) over a broad mountainous region of central Eurasia. The global distribution of mountain wave activity accords well with predictions from a mountain wave model. The findings demonstrate that satellites can provide the global data needed to improve mountain wave parameterizations and hence global climate and forecast models.     

基于SAR波模式数据的沉船事故海浪要素分析

涌浪是近海波浪系统中的重要组成部分,因其持续时间长且蕴含巨大能量,可导致渔船沉没事故,造成生命、财产和环境危害。合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够对海浪成像并提供二维方向谱,成为遥感海浪的重要手段。本研究将利用欧空局环境卫星搭载的高级合成孔径雷达(ENVISAT-ASAR)的波模式轨道数据提供的涌浪信息,量化涌浪在中国近海浪致渔船沉没事故中的影响。首先,对浪致渔船沉没事故、ASAR数据和模式数据进行时空匹配;其次,对匹配成功的数据进行对比统计,分析涌浪要素特征,量化涌浪影响。结论:渔船沉没事故发生时,(1)天气形势多为冷空气、温带气旋或台风;(2)风浪、涌浪混合有效波高绝大部分大于2.0 m,涌浪波高占比在50%以上;(3)风浪和涌浪夹角45°,当同时满足(2)和(3)条件时更容易发生沉船事故。     

绕组匝间绝缘测试研究

匝间绝缘测试仪在电机行业中得到了广泛的应用。分析匝间绝缘测试电路原理，用Matlab搭建仿真模型，获得电容放电波形。用LabVIEW测得正常波形和故障波形，对波形进行分析，阐明波形比较的重要性。     

家兔心电图的描记与分析

对临床健康家兔进行的心电图描记与分析的结果表明，所有导联都出现Ｐ波、ＱＲＳ综合波和Ｔ波．胸导联波形明显而有规律，测得的心电图电压比较高，因此胸导联描记的心电图更便于临床分析．     

浮绳式网箱框架纲波浪力特性的初步试验研究

结合生产的实际需要,沿海浮绳式网箱生产的作用日益突出,因而研究其水动力特性非常重要。根据这一需要,采用预加张力的直交系泊方法,依据目前柔性浮绳式网箱尺寸和渔具模型试验方法设计、制作了一个柔性浮绳式网箱模型（1 m×1 m×1 m）,并进行了水槽试验。试验工况为规则波,周期为0.8～2.0 s（间隔0.2 s）,波高为50～250 mm（间隔40 mm）。在不同波浪周期、波高下,根据测量数据,分析研究作用在浮绳式网箱框架纲上波浪力的特性。试验结果表明：波浪力的变化与波浪特性相似,呈周期性、不对称变化,垂直于波浪方向的2根框架纲的波浪力峰值比与波浪方向平行的2根框架纲的稍小。框架纲上的波浪力不是同步变化的,存在一定相位差,但由于框架纲是柔性绳索制成的,因而能承受由于不同相位波浪力产生的扭矩剪切作用,证明了波浪作用下HDPE网箱常受到破坏而浮绳式网箱安然无恙的事实。最后,就水流和波浪共同作用下的网箱水动力学进行了试验研究,发现波流共同作用下的水动力值并不是单独在纯流和纯波下的水动力的值的简单相加,而存在一修正项。     

吉林梅花鹿发情期卵泡发育波研究

本研究通过直肠B超技术监测了经过2种同期发情处理（CIDR＋PG＋PMSG和1G）的9头吉林梅花鹿发情周期卵泡动态发育情况。实验得出：梅花鹿的卵泡发育均呈波形发育,1个发情周期由1—3个卵泡波组成。3个1波周期,3个2波周期,2个3波周期。1波周期的长度是5．3d±0．6d,2波周期的长度是12．3d±4．0d,3波周期的长度是25．5d±2．1d。未发情的216号梅花鹿在整个观察期中出现2个卵泡发育波,而未发情的1号鹿卵泡发育没有出现明显的波。1波周期梅花鹿的最大卵泡平均直径（5．4mm±0．5mm）,比2波周期中第1个（5．1mm±0．6mm）和第2个内波的最大卵泡平均直径（4．8mm±0．5mm）和3波周期中第2个内波的最大卵泡平均直径（5．2mm±0．4mm）都大（P〉0．05）,比3波周期中第1个和第3个内波的最大卵泡平均直径（分别是5．6mm±0．3mm和5．7mm±1．1mm）小（P〉0．05）。2波和3波周期中的所有内波的最大卵泡平均直径差异显著（P〈0．05）,2波周期中的最大卵泡比3波周期中的直径小。2波周期的内波间隔（6．0d±1．4d）比3波周期的所有内波间隔（9．8d±1．5d和5．7d±1．rid）明显短（P〉0．05）。1波周期生长持续期是4．5d±0．7d,2波周期生长持续期（4．7d±1．5d和4．0d±1．7d）和3波周期中卵泡的生长持续期（4．5d±2．1d、6．5d±2．1d和2．5d±0．7d）差异不显著（P〉0．05）。2波周期中第1波（0.5mm／d±0．3mm／d）和第2波的生长速率（0．5mm／d±0．2mm／d）没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。排卵波和闭锁内波的卵泡生长持续期也没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

不同频率声波对小球藻繁殖的影响

[目的]研究声波对小球藻繁殖速度的影响,探寻适用于小球藻生长最佳频率。[方法]通过在不同频率的声波条件下对小球藻进行7 d的培养试验,并设置空白对照组,研究不同频率的声波对小球藻生长繁殖的影响。[结果]声波对小球藻生长具有明显的促进作用,尤其是400 Hz的声波作用效果最好。[结论]一定范围频率的声波可以有效促进小球藻的繁殖。     

The generation and trapping of solitary waves over topography

Observations of tidal flow over a sill show that upstream solitary wave generation occurred in conjunction with the downstream movement of a streamline bifurcation over the obstacle crest. Solitary waves appeared upstream of the bifurcation, riding on the surface stratification. Shear flow instabilities on the plunging interface were also evident and may contribute to wave generation through subharmonic interaction. Nonlinear waves generated downstream of an internal control became trapped in the supercritical flow.     

Lightning and plasma wave observations from the galileo flyby of venus

During the Galileo flyby of Venus the plasma wave instrument was used to search for impulsive radio signals from lightning and to investigate locally generated plasma waves. A total of nine events were detected in the frequency range from 100 kilohertz to 5.6 megahertz. Although the signals are weak, lightning is the only known source of these signals. Near the bow shock two types of locally generated plasma waves were observed, low-frequency electromagnetic waves from about 5 to 50 hertz and electron plasma oscillation at about 45 kilohertz. The plasma oscillations have considerable fine structure, possibly because of the formation of soliton-like wave packets.     

A cellular automation model of excitable media including curvature and dispersion

Excitable media are spatially distributed systems characterized by their ability to propagate signals undamped over long distances. Wave propagation in excitable media has been modeled extensively both by continuous partial differential equations and by discrete cellular automata. Cellular automata are desirable because of their intuitive appeal and efficient digital implementation, but until now they have not served as reliable models because they have lacked two essential properties of excitable media. First, traveling waves show dispersion, that is, the speed of wave propagation into a recovering region depends on the time elapsed since the preceding wave passed through that region. Second, wave speed depends on wave front curvature: curved waves travel with normal velocities noticeably different from the plane-wave velocity. These deficiencies of cellular automation models are remedied by revising the classical rules of the excitation and recovery processes. The revised model shows curvature and dispersion effects comparable to those of continuous models, it predicts rotating spiral wave solutions in quantitative accord with the theory of continuous excitable media, and it is parameterized so that the spatial step size of the automation can be adjusted for finer resolution of traveling waves.     

小麦越冬期低温寒潮天气分析及其影响

分析了连云港市小麦越冬期间（12月中旬~翌年2月中旬）2次区域性寒潮天气过程。结果表明,2次寒潮过程都属于横槽转竖型,2次寒潮冷空气的强度和爆发速度不同,导致其降温程度也不同;2次寒潮发生前都出现了地面升温现象;欧洲中心数值预报对寒潮初始时间的预报具有很好的指导意义。     

Internal solitons in the andaman sea

The solitary wave is a localized hydrodynamic phenomenon that can occur because of a balance between nonlinear cohesive and linear dispersive forces in a fluid. It has been shown theoretically, and observed experimentally, that some solitary waves have properties analogous to those of elementary particles, and the waves have therefore been named solitons. During a measurement program in the Andaman Sea near northern Sumatra, large-amplitude, long internal waves were observed with associated surface waves called tide rips. Using theoretical results from the physics of nonlinear waves, it is shown that the internal waves are solitons and their interactions with surface waves are described.     

瑞利波泄漏模式的模拟研究

瑞利导波相速度频散曲线有时会出现截止或截断现象，此时必须考虑泄漏模式波的存在，如何快速求取泄漏模式波的相速度大小是研究的核心问题．采用添加附加层的方法，使瑞利波实频散方程求根的范围包含所有的层速度区域，从而可用Abo—zena，Menke和Bixing Zhang等学者研究过的传递矩阵理论，利用二分法求解相速度大小，即用导波来模拟计算泄漏模式波相速度大小．从模拟计算结果来看，附加层法不仅能模拟出原模型的实数导波，而且还能计算出泄漏模式波的变化．由此可见，用附加层法来计算瑞利波的泄漏模式是可行的；同时，若将该方法应用于瑞利波勘探的反演，它不会增加未知数的个数。     

关于简谐振动和简谐波的研究(Ⅰ)

分析了简谐波教学中经常出现的一些问题,由波方程的不同形式确定了波源的可能位置,由波的物理意义得到了一个波方程只能代表沿某一方向传播的一列波的结论,从而分析了波形图的具体位置。     

Plasma wave observations at comet giacobini-zinner

The plasma wave instrument on the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) detected bursts of strong ion acoustic waves almost continuously when the spacecraft was within 2 million kilometers of the nucleus of comet Giacobini-Zinner. Electromagnetic whistlers and low-level electron plasma oscillations were also observed in this vast region that appears to be associated with heavy ion pickup. As ICE came closer to the anticipated location of the bow shock, the electromagnetic and electrostatic wave levels increased significantly, but even in the midst of this turbulence the wave instrument detected structures with familiar bow shock characteristics that were well correlated with observations of localized electron heating phenomena. Just beyond the visible coma, broadband waves with amplitudes as high as any ever detected by the ICE plasma wave instrument were recorded. These waves may account for the significant electron heating observed in this region by the ICE plasma probe, and these observations of strong wave-particle interactions may provide answers to longstanding questions concerning ionization processes in the vicinity of the coma. Near closest approach, the plasma wave instrument detected broadband electrostatic noise and a changing pattern of weak electron plasma oscillations that yielded a density profile for the outer layers of the cold plasma tail. Near the tail axis the plasma wave instrument also detected a nonuniform flux of dust impacts, and a preliminary profile of the Giacobini-Zinner dust distribution for micrometer-sized particles is presented.     

On the presence of liquid in Earth's inner core

Seismological studies indicate that the inner core of Earth is anisotropic for compressional waves (P waves), and has low shear wave (S wave) velocity, and high seismic attenuation. Using an effective medium theory for composite materials, we show that the presence of a volume fraction of 3 to 10% liquid in the form of oblate spheroidal inclusions aligned in the equatorial plane between iron crystals is sufficient to explain the aforementioned seismic phenomena. Variation of S-wave velocity between the polar axis and equatorial plane is more sensitive to the addition of liquid than that of P waves. The liquid could arise from the presence of dendrites or a mixture of elements other than iron that exist in liquid form under inner-core conditions.     

新疆哈密区域寒潮天气统计特征

根据寒潮标准,对新疆东部哈密区域50年的寒潮天气进行统计。结果表明：新疆哈密地区寒潮最早出现在9月2～3日,最晚出现在5月22～23日;四季中春季出现最多,为101次,秋季41次,冬季27次;50年来哈密地区寒潮天气过程出现次数总体呈现减少趋势;哈密地区北部寒潮出现频次、强度高于哈密地区南部,初寒潮北部早于南部,终寒湖北部晚于南部;寒潮入侵路径主要有4条：西方路径、西北路径、北方路径和超极地路径。