星油藤青枯病病原菌鉴定

 星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.) 是一种重要的藤本油料植物,在我国华南地区广泛种植。青枯病是近两年在海南星油藤种植区发生的新病害,为探究星油藤青枯病菌的基本特性及种下分化情况,本研究对分离的6株代表菌株进行了相关分析。细菌学鉴定及致病性测定结果表明,该病害是由类茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum)侵染引起。同时,从传统分类及分子生物学不同层面分析了星油藤青枯病菌的遗传分化情况。生理小种及生化变种的测试结果表明,星油藤青枯病菌属于1号生理小种和生化变种Ⅲ;16S rDNA和egl基因部分序列聚类分析显示,星油藤青枯病菌属类茄科雷尔氏菌演化型Ⅰ即亚洲分支菌株,序列变种34。     

空心菜青枯病病原菌的鉴定

 空心菜青枯病是近年来在广东空心菜产区新发生的病害,病株率一般为5%~20%,严重达50%以上。症状初始表现为植株上部1~2片叶萎蔫、下垂,病叶失去光泽呈灰绿色;随着病情的发展,病叶不断增多,最终整株萎蔫,甚至倒伏。经细菌学鉴定、室内致病性测定、16S rDNA序列比较及系统进化分析,结果表明引起该病害的病原是茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum);致病性和碳水化合物利用试验结果表明,该病原菌属茄科雷尔氏菌1号生理小种,生化变种4。     

广东广藿香青枯病病原菌鉴定

 广藿香青枯病是近几年在广东广藿香种植区发生的新病害,细菌学鉴定及致病性测定结果表明,该病害是由茄科雷尔氏菌侵染引起的,且属于1号生理小种和生化变种Ⅲ;分子生物学分析结果进一步显示,广藿香青枯病菌属茄科雷尔氏菌演化型Ⅰ即亚洲分支菌株、序列变种44或序列变种17。     

芝麻细菌性青枯病病原菌及其生化变种鉴定

芝麻细菌性青枯病是我国南方芝麻生产上的重要病害。调查研究表明,芝麻青枯病除前人报道的萎蔫、顶梢常有溃疡裂缝等典型症状外,还有植株畸形、茎秆表皮泡状突起、溃疡裂缝延伸至茎秆中下部、折断茎秆可见菌脓形成的透明细丝等症状。分离获得的病原菌菌株经菌体形态、菌落形态、培养性状、致病性、烟草过敏性反应及16S rRNA基因和16S～23S rRNA基因间区ITS序列测定,证实了芝麻青枯病是由青枯菌Ralstonia solanacearum引起。江西省15个县(市)的22个代表性菌株的生化变种鉴定显示,20株菌属于生化变种Ⅲ,占90.91%,2株属于生化变种Ⅳ,占9.09%。说明生化变种Ⅲ菌群是诱发芝麻青枯病流行的优势种群。     

玉米青枯病发生调查与病原鉴定初报

玉米青枯病在广西、广东、湖南、海南等省（区）均有不同程度发生，发病率一般２０％～３０％，严重的达８０％以上。其症状分为急性型和普通型。病害的发生与品种、气候、土壤、栽培技术等关系密切，病害导致的损失与病级成正相关。病原菌分离及致病性测定结果表明，腐霉菌是本地区玉米青枯病的主要病原菌     

红掌青枯病的症状和病原菌鉴定

 描述海南儋州某红掌栽培基地红掌发生青枯病的症状,根据对该病原菌的形态、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化特性的测定结果,将病原菌鉴定为茄青枯拉尔氏菌[Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.]。通过对病原菌的寄主范围测定,病原菌属茄青枯拉尔氏菌小种1,根据对6种糖、醇利用的测定结果,病原菌属于生物变种3。     

糜、谷青枯病病原及其鉴定

糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)、谷子(Setaria italica(L.) Beauv)是短日照作物,耐寒能力强,是甘肃省干旱、半干旱地区优势作物之一。1989在我院粮作所糜、谷组会宁试验田初次发现糜谷青枯病。当时是零星发生,1990年发病率已达5％左右,400多个糜谷品种间未发现抗性差异,试验田内随时可     

胜红蓟青枯病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

胜红蓟青枯病是我国发生的一种新病害。为了明确引起胜红蓟青枯病的病原,对分离自广东的胜红蓟青枯病菌的菌落形态、16S rDNA序列、碳水化合物利用、致病性及演化型等进行了分析。在含1% 2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑选择性培养基平板上,病原菌的菌落呈近圆形或梭形,隆起,中间粉红色,周围乳白色。应用细菌通用引物27f和1541r扩增16S rDNA,Ac-YcSj-11-1~Ac-YcSj-11-10 10个菌株的16S rDNA近全长均为1 421 bp,且与茄科雷尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 16S rDNA的同源率为100%。该病原菌可以利用麦芽糖、乳糖、纤维二糖、山梨醇、甘露醇和卫矛醇等6种碳水化合物,并可侵染姜、沙姜、番茄,弱侵染茄子、辣椒。10个菌株均可同时扩增得到144 bp的演化型Ⅰ特异带和280 bp的茄科雷尔氏菌特异带。研究表明,引起广东胜红蓟青枯病的病原菌为茄科雷尔氏菌R.solanacearum,且属于4号生理小种、生化变种Ⅲ和演化型Ⅰ（亚洲组）。     

烟草品种抗青枯病鉴定中相关因素分析

用烟草青枯病t1菌株对G3、红花大金元等品种分别作不同接种方法、不同菌量、不同年份和不同生育期接种试验以及与黄瓜花叶病（CMV）交叉接种试验，结果表明，参试品种在烟株旺长初期，用切根灌菌液接种与病区自然鉴定之间对青枯病抗性呈极显著正相关（r=0.9855)，接种体浓度以10^8scfu/ml为宜，不同抗感品种在不同年份重复鉴定中表现出不同程度的抗性波动，用相对抗病指数评价品种抗性，可减少误差。参试18个品种不同生育期与t1菌株的互作反应，分为苗感成株期抗病型和全期感病型两类。烟株生长初期交叉接种黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）与青枯病菌明显减轻青枯病病情，但干扰了抗病性鉴定，查清了上述影响因素后，可以组装一套规范化的烟草品种抗青枯病筛选鉴定模式。     

红花黄萎病病原菌鉴定

2014年在石河子大学试验站和实验农场种植的红花出现了一种植株矮化,叶片发黄,枯死的病害,切开茎秆,维管束变成褐色。采用常规组织分离法对病组织茎秆进行分离、纯化获得单孢纯培养菌株;通过常规纸钵撕底沾根法对其进行致病性测定;用形态学和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,分离菌株的菌落形态、分生孢子梗和分生孢子的形态都与大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae 一致;经分子生物学鉴定,该菌的 rDNA-ITS 序列与中国棉花黄萎病菌V．dahliae 的 ITS 序列（登录号 KT803074）同源性为99％以上。故将引起新疆红花黄萎病的病原菌鉴定为大丽轮枝菌V．dahliae。     

苦瓜青枯病病原菌的鉴定

 Balsam pear bacterial wilt was observed in Nanning, Guangxi, China. Based on bacteriological identification, pathogenicity tests and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the pathogen was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. This is the first report of R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt on balsam pear in China.     

内蒙古普通菜豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定

<正>普通菜豆(Common bean),俗称芸豆(Kidney bean),为豆科(Fabaceae)菜豆属一年生草本植物,营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,既是蔬菜又是粮食,是重要的农副产品。内蒙古自治区是我国种植普通菜豆的主要地区之一。随着普通菜豆栽培面积以及连作年限不断增加,病虫害问题日益突出,尤其是枯萎病,严重影响了普通菜豆的产量和品质,已成为限制普通菜豆产业可持续发展的主要因素之一。2021年7月,     

Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains obtained from Guangxi,China and their pathogenicity on plants in the Cucurbitaceae family and other botanical families

Bacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is a destructive plant disease in Guangxi, China. However, the diversity of RSSC populations in the area is unknown. To this end, we performed an extensive bacterial wilt survey from 2015 to 2018. Using phylotype-specific multiplex PCR (Pmx-PCR) and an egl-based tree, 189 strains collected from 20 plant species were identified as R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I, which included 14 sequevars (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 30, 34, 44, 48, 54, 70, and 71); two strains isolated from potato plants belonged to R. solanacearum phylotype II, sequevar 1. Sequevars 13, 17, and 44 were prevalent in Guangxi, and sequevar 13 dominated the RSSC sequevars of four Cucurbitaceae plants. The susceptibility of different Cucurbitaceae species to bacterial wilt and the host range of 16 representative strains were further tested. Members of the Cucurbita, Momordica, and Luffa genera were susceptible to bacterial wilt, with wilt incidence ranging from 73% to 100%. Most strains were pathogenic to solanaceous plants, mulberry, and ginger plants but not to melon crops; however, the strains from kidney bean, pepper, and Cucurbitaceae plants were highly virulent to melon crops. This is the first comprehensive report on the genetic and host range diversity of the RSSC in Guangxi and the susceptibility of different Cucurbitaceae species to bacterial wilt, which can provide valuable information for the development of bacterial wilt control strategies.     

假茄科雷尔氏菌引起向日葵青枯病在中国的首次报道

茄科雷尔氏菌复合种侵染引起的青枯病是众多作物上的毁灭性病害。2020年笔者首次在广东省东莞市发现向日葵青枯病,并对其病原菌进行了鉴定。室内人工接种试验、16S rDNA序列比对和演化型鉴定结果表明,引起向日葵青枯病的病原菌为假茄科雷尔氏菌Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum。生理生化特性和致病性鉴定结果表明,分离自向日葵的15株假茄科雷尔氏菌为1号生理小种和生化变种3。egl基因部分序列系统进化分析表明,15株假茄科雷尔氏菌分属4个序列变种,其中8株菌株为序列变种17,5株菌株为序列变种13,其余2株菌株分别为序列变种14和序列变种54。本文是我国首次报道假茄科雷尔氏菌侵染引起向日葵青枯病。     

Implication of C-terminal mutation of PopA of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 in suppression of bacterial wilt

Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1-1 causes bacterial wilt on tobacco plants. The popA -mutant 31b, derived from OE1-1 by insertion of transposon Tn 4431 , did not cause wilt on tobacco plants inoculated through the roots. However, when 31b was directly inoculated into xylem vessels, the tobacco plants wilted, similarly to those inoculated with OE1-1. 31b retained its exopolysaccharide productivity and its type-III secretion function. Furthermore, 31b grew in intercellular spaces and systemically infected tobacco plants, similarly to OE1-1. popA consists of an operon with popB and popC , and suppression of popB and popC expression resulting from polar mutation by transposon insertion did not affect the virulence of 31b. The mutated popA ( popA31b ) was composed of 960 nucleotides, including 39 derived from Tn 4431. A recombinant mutant from OE1-1, where popA31b was introduced by marker exchange, showed the same phenotype as 31b. PopA31b protein was extracellularly secreted by 31b co-cultured with Arabidopsis thaliana . These results suggest that PopA31b extracellularly secreted by 31b in intercellular spaces may be implicated in suppression of disease development, leading to inability of the bacteria to induce wilt on plants. Taken together, interactions between host plants and R. solanacearum existing in intercellular spaces immediately after invasion may be involved in disease development.