风选和引发处理对甜椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以甜椒种子为试材,通过风选和硝酸钾引发的方式,研究对甜椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。试验设置1%硝酸钾溶液20℃下分别引发5、6、7 d,以未引发种子为对照,研究不同引发时间对甜椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,风选后甜椒种子千粒重较原种子显著增加3.25%,较不合格种子显著增加135.56%,不合格种子发芽势较CK处理显著降低43.42%,优选种子发芽率较CK处理显著提高5%。实验室发芽试验表明,发芽势各处理较CK处理显著提高58.49%、52.83%%、60.38%;发芽畸形数量各处理较CK处理显著降低73.91%、73.91%、69.57%;发芽指数各处理较CK处理显著提高了76.28%、69.87%、78.21%。穴盘育苗幼苗试验表明,在播种后47 d株高较CK处理显著提高13.21%,茎粗显著提高10.29%,叶片数显著提高9.09%,壮苗指数显著增加17.65%。综上可得,风选处理后,选用1%硝酸钾溶液,在20℃条件下,引发处理7 d能够显著提高发芽率和发芽势,促进幼苗生长,提高壮苗指数。     

干热处理对樱桃番茄茄砧种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

以樱桃番茄砧木品种"海茄砧1号"为试材,采用高温干热处理方法消毒种子,研究了不同干热处理温度和时间对种子发芽情况及幼苗生长的影响,以期为海南樱桃番茄嫁接苗生产提供参考依据.结果 表明:发芽率和出苗率均随着干热处理温度和时间的增加而降低,且差异达到显著或极显著的水平.发芽势和发芽指数则随着干热处理温度的升高呈先升后降,但随着干热处理时间的增加而降低.适当的干热处理可促进种子的萌发,但对幼苗的生长影响不大.最佳的干热处理为75℃处理2 d(T6处理),其发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和出苗率分别达到89.3％、97.8％、44.35和96.1％,分别较CK提高45.8个百分点、2.2个百分点、11.92和1.3个百分点,且发芽势和发芽指数极显著高于CK.     

野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子发芽条件初探

对采集的野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子经过4个月的冷藏后进行种子发芽条件研究。结果表明:尼泊尔鸢尾种子吸水性较好,种子经浸种24h即可萌发。光照对室温浸种的种子发芽有抑制作用,赤霉素处理对种子发芽率的提高没有显著作用,而硝酸钾溶液浸种处理可显著提高其发芽率。因此,成熟的野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子在秋季采集后可先进行4℃冷藏或低温层积处理,于翌年春经45～65℃的温汤浸种或0.3%～0.5%的硝酸钾溶液浸种后于25℃暗环境下发芽,可获得较高的发芽率。     

引发处理对野生西瓜种子萌发及生理生化特性的影响

为解决野生西瓜种子萌发率低和发芽不整齐的问题,以河沙为引发基质,研究了基质湿度和引发温度、时间对种子发芽及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:固体基质引发处理能显著提高野生西瓜种子的发芽势、发芽指数、简化活力指数,显著缩短种子平均发芽时间;引发温度对种子活力有显著影响,而基质湿度和引发时间对种子活力的影响相对较小。基质湿度、引发温度和时间对野生西瓜种子活力既有单因子效应又存在交互效应,适宜引发条件组合是:基质相对含水率75%、引发温度6℃、处理时间9 d。引发处理后,种子电解质泄露率显著降低,可溶性糖含量和淀粉酶活性显著提高,但可溶性蛋白和MDA含量变化不显著。     

赤霉素处理促进不同品种茄子种子萌发的比较研究

茄子(Solanum melongena L.)是世界上第四大蔬菜作物,但是休眠现象比较普遍。该试验选用目前北京地区生产上应用较为广泛的7个茄子品种:"京茄5号"、"京茄10号"、"京茄3号"、"京研2号"、"大明茄"、"快圆茄"、"京茄1号",用1.2%过氧化氢消毒5min后,300mg/L赤霉素浸泡30min,在20~30℃变温条件下进行发芽试验。结果表明:赤霉素处理的种子发芽率最高提高了18个百分点,赤霉素处理对种子萌发有促进作用。同时,赤霉素处理可以提高茄子的发芽速度,缩短发芽天数,有利于播种后迅速出苗。     

黑籽南瓜种子基质引发适宜条件研究

以黑籽南瓜种子为材料,研究了不同温度、处理时间和基质含水量对黑籽南瓜种子引发效果的影响。结果表明,基质引发处理能明显提高黑籽南瓜种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,明显减少种子平均发芽天数;基质引发温度明显提高幼苗干鲜质量和根体积等,而基质湿度对幼苗生长性状影响不显著。黑籽南瓜种子基质引发处理以5℃、基质湿度65%时激发种子活力的效果最好,在不同基质引发温度和湿度条件下,改变引发持续时间所产生的效果是不一样的。     

不同浓度赤霉素和双氧水对刺茄种子萌发的影响

刺茄种子在常规条件下很难萌发。为寻找促进刺茄种子萌发的试剂,试验以不同浓度的赤霉素(0~1 000mg/L)和双氧水(0%~3.0%)溶液处理刺茄种子,观察记录每天的发芽数,并从种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数3个指标探讨赤霉素和双氧水对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:双氧水和低浓度赤霉素(0~400mg/L)对刺茄种子的萌发没有影响,而高浓度赤霉素(600~1 000mg/L)能显著提高种子萌发。     

温度和赤霉素对圆叶牵牛种子萌发的影响

研究了赤霉素(GA3)和发芽温度对圆叶牵牛种子萌发的影响。结果表明:28℃较高温度处理圆叶牵牛种子,发芽指数和发芽率高于23℃较低温度处理,但未达到显著水平。200mg/L GA3浸种可显著提高圆叶牵牛种子的发芽率和发芽指数,发芽起始时间和终止时间也有所提前。     

不同引发方式对老化南瓜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以老化南瓜种子为试材,设置CaCl_2、GA_3、PEG 6000 3种引发剂的不同浓度、不同引发时间和不同引发温度处理,以H_2O为对照,研究不同引发方式对老化南瓜种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,在8℃低温引发条件下,对老化南瓜种子进行1.0%CaCl_2处理8h引发效果最佳,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高了20%、22%、18%、66%,且南瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,幼苗长势最好,表明该引发方式不仅能够有效促进老化南瓜种子萌发,而且能够增强幼苗抗氧化能力,从而减轻种子老化衰变对幼苗生理状态的影响。     

不同引发处理对茄子种子萌发及其生理变化的影响

以"托鲁巴姆"和"京茄6号"茄子种子为试材,试验设置1%KNO3、15%PEG、200mg/kg GA、1%KNO3+15%PEG、1%KNO3+200mg/kg GA、15%PEG+200mg/kg GA、1%KNO3+15%PEG+200mg/kg GA 7个引发处理,以H2O为对照,通过测定茄子种子的发芽特性、浸出液电导率、MDA含量、可溶性淀粉酶活性和微生物数量,筛选出茄子种子最优引发剂。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,其它处理的种子发芽特性均增强;200mg/kg GA处理对"托鲁巴姆"种子和"京茄6号"种子的引发效果均最优;1%KNO3处理的茄子种子浸出液电导率和MDA含量均最高,因此,茄子最优引发剂应以200mg/kg GA为主要成分,KNO3和PEG为微量成分。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.