酸马奶源酵母菌抗菌复合物灌胃剂量的筛选

为了筛选酸马奶源酵母菌抗菌复合物的最优灌胃剂量,试验采用乙酸乙酯提取法萃取酸马奶源酵母菌抗菌复合物,高效液相色谱法和增强型BCA蛋白检测试剂盒法测定其主要组分。选取昆明系小鼠150只,随机分为15组,每组10只。空白对照组和阴性对照组小鼠灌胃无菌PBS 7 d;阳性对照组小鼠灌胃环丙沙星;抗菌复合物组小鼠灌胃高(500 mg/kg)、中(250 mg/kg)、低(125 mg/kg)剂量的抗菌复合物;除空白对照组外,其他各组于第4天注射大肠杆菌(E.coli)O_8菌悬液。观察小鼠患病症状,采集各组小鼠小肠组织,H.E.染色后观察病理切片,并记录各组小鼠存活率。结果表明:在p H值为2.0和8.0条件下获得酸马奶源马克斯克鲁维酵母菌(K.marxianus)和酿酒酵母菌(S.cerevisiae)的4种抗菌复合物K2、K8、S2和S8,主要成分为有机酸和毒素蛋白。阴性对照组小鼠感染E.coli O_824 h后出现明显患病症状;36~72 h期间小鼠患病症状更加严重,死亡小鼠增多。注菌72 h后阴性对照组小鼠小肠组织损害严重;阳性对照组和K2低剂量组小鼠小肠组织较完整;K2高剂量和中剂量组小鼠小肠组织形态有所好转,但仍有少量上皮细胞脱落。K2、S2、S8低剂量和K8中剂量组小鼠存活率较高。说明低剂量125 mg/kg为酸马奶源酵母菌抗菌复合物的最优灌胃剂量。     

肉桂油口服液抗沙门菌感染的保护作用分析

以鼠伤寒沙门菌SL1344为研究对象,建立小鼠感染沙门菌动物模型,口服给予肉桂油口服液进行治疗,治疗剂量为100 mg/kg,给药时间为8 h/次。结果显示,肉桂油口服液(100 mg/kg)逆转感染小鼠体质量下降,缓解感染小鼠盲肠病理性损伤,降低感染小鼠盲肠的炎性反应。结果表明,肉桂油口服液(100 mg/kg)对沙门菌感染小鼠具有显著的保护作用,是一种潜在的抗沙门菌感染先导复合物。     

玉屏风多糖对免疫抑制小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

为探讨玉屏风多糖(YPF-P)对环磷酰胺(Cy)致免疫低下小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响,本试验将90只SPF小鼠随机分为空白对照组、免疫抑制组(Cy 80 mg/kg)、YPF-P不同剂量组(Cy 80 mg/kg+YPF-P 100、200、400 mg/kg)和阳性对照组(YPF-P 200 mg/kg),采用C3b受体花环法和免疫复合物花环法检测红细胞免疫黏附功能,测定血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平。结果发现,Cy可显著降低小鼠的红细胞免疫粘附功能、IL-2和IFN-γ水平,各剂量YPF-P均可较好调节和保护免疫抑制小鼠的红细胞免疫粘附功能,增高红细胞受体花环率和免疫复合物花环率,促进红细胞免疫功能的恢复,同时可显著提升IL-2和IFN-γ水平,调控T淋巴细胞活性。其作用以YPF-P 200mg/kg最为明显。     

岩陀黄酮与黄芩多糖复合物安全性评价

为探讨中药岩陀黄酮与黄芩多糖复合物的药用安全性,为其开发利用提供科学依据,开展大鼠经口急性毒性试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和骨髓细胞微核试验,对岩陀黄酮&黄芩多糖提取物进行安全性评价。结果显示岩陀黄酮与黄芩多糖复合物对大鼠的经口染毒LD50>5g/kg·BW,为无毒级别,大鼠无临床症状,未发现明显可见的病理变化;两次鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验表明无致突变性;小鼠精子畸变率为1.99%-2.06%,高中低三个剂量组的精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异不显著（p＞0.05）;骨髓细胞微核率高、中、低三个剂量组与阴性对照组比较差异不显著（p＞0.05）。结论：岩陀黄酮与黄芩多糖复合物作为中兽药安全性较好。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯用于小鼠卵母细胞体外培养的效果观察

本试验以小鼠为动物模型,采用HTF和TCM-199两个基础培养体系,通过添加不同浓度的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),研究其对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及其后期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,在HTF和TCM-199体系中,培养卵丘-卵母细胞复合物(COCs)时EGCG的最佳添加量均为20μmol/L,可以显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率、受精率和胚胎发育率。过量添加EGCG则有负面的效应。综合比较,HTF体系的培养效果优于TCM-199体系。     

运用伊氏锥虫抗原变异规律进行免疫的初步研究

为了克服锥虫抗原变异对宿主免疫反应的干扰，探索伊氏锥虫病高效保护性抗原，根据伊氏锥虫在宿主体内第一次发生变异产生的变异抗原免疫原性相同的规律，设计了伊氏锥虫变异前抗原（VSG1）和第二次变异所产生的抗原（VSG2）复合物作免疫原，对小鼠进行免疫与单用变异前抗原免疫鼠相比较，两组鼠都用带变异前抗原的虫攻击，另以未免疫的鼠作对照，结果VSG1＋VSG2免疫组小鼠8只全部获得保护，单用VSG1免疫组小鼠10只和未免疫组小鼠10只血中全部出虫而死亡，前者比后者出虫时间和存活时间延长，提示运用伊氏锥虫抗原变异这一规律设计的这种免疫复合物，能激收缩主克服虫体抗原变异对免疫保护的干扰。     

鼠肌纤维丝切蛋白CFL2互作蛋白的筛选与鉴定

筛选并鉴定小鼠腿肌组织中与丝切蛋白CFL2相互作用的蛋白质。通过免疫共沉淀技术分离小鼠腿肌组织中CFL2蛋白复合物,对获得的免疫共沉淀复合物进行SDS-PAGE分离,将分离出的差异条带用胰蛋白酶进行酶切,酶切后的肽段进行液相色谱分离,最后通过电喷雾质谱技术分析肽段组成并鉴定蛋白质,获得与CFL2互作的组织蛋白谱。通过Western blot检测,确定在天然状态下小鼠腿肌组织中CFL2与Ndufb7之间存在相互作用。首次利用免疫共沉淀联合质谱技术成功从小鼠腿肌组织中筛选并鉴定出与CFL2相互作用的蛋白Ndufb7,为进一步研究CFL2在骨骼肌肌纤维形成中的作用提供理论基础。     

用60Coγ射线对全蚕粉复合物辐照灭菌后的保质效果

对全蚕粉和全蚕粉复合物用60Co γ射线7kGy辐照灭菌处理后,按国家标准GB/T4789.2-2003检验菌落总数,结果表明,辐照组菌落总数显著低于未辐照对照组,达到了食品、中药制品卫生要求,且对1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-DNJ)含量和降血糖效果均无明显影响。将辐照处理的全蚕粉和全蚕粉复合物分别置于常温和冷藏条件下保存6个月,发现未辐照灭菌的样品菌落数显著增加,而辐照灭菌样品菌落数、1-DNJ含量和降血糖效果与储存前相比均无显著差异,但小鼠的餐后血糖值以辐照冷藏组较低。结果说明,60Co γ射线7kGy辐照可以有效杀灭全蚕粉和全蚕粉复合物中的微生物,而对其有效成分1-DNJ和降血糖效果无影响。     

羊尤氏泰勒虫一个新生多肽复合物α多肽基因的cDNA文库筛选和测序（英文）

为筛选羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子功能基因,用羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子提取物免疫BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾脏细胞与鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0-Ag14细胞融合,融合细胞培养上清用酶联免疫吸附法和免疫印记法检测。提取羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子mRNA后,进行cDNA合成与文库构建。文库在免疫学噬斑筛选后,将阳性克隆进行测序和序列BLAST搜索。筛选结果显示有两个阳性克隆。所得序列BLAST搜索结果显示,它与12类寄生虫新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因的同源性在39%到78%之间。结果提示,所筛选的序列为羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因不完全序列。该研究为今后使用单克隆抗体筛选羊泰勒虫功能性基因提供了参考。     

蒙药特润舒都乐对小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:观察和比较分析蒙药特润舒都乐对正常小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:选取健康小鼠20只,体质量(20±2)g,雌雄各半,分为实验组(10只)和对照组(10只),运用流式细胞技术对小鼠红细胞的免疫黏附功能进行测定,观察蒙药特润舒都乐对小鼠红细胞免疫功能影响的差异。结果:蒙药特润舒都乐干预的小鼠红细胞C3b R指数与病理性循环免疫复合物(IC)指数显著高于空白对照组(P0.05)。结论:蒙药特润舒都乐均可增加小鼠红细胞的免疫功能,即在红细胞免疫功能方面蒙药特润舒都乐具有相同的药用价值,值得推广应用。     

桑叶提取物对小鼠血糖的影响及有效成分测定

探讨了桑叶提取物(mu lberry leaves extract,MLE)对小鼠血糖的影响,并测定了MLE中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)、黄酮、多酚和多糖等4种成分的含量。结果表明,MLE有抑制糖尿病模型小鼠血糖升高的作用。不同桑品种的MLE降血糖效果和有效成分含量存在很大差异,在供试的5个桑品种中,以陕桑305最佳;桑叶的叶位以上位嫩叶优于中下部叶。MLE的降血糖效果与DNJ的含量有密切关系。     

多化性黄血蚕的食用和药用价值的研究

黄血蚕含有 6 0 %的蛋白质 ,2 1%的脂肪 ,其中不饱和脂肪酸占油脂总量的 93% ,亚油酸、α 亚麻酸含量达 13 4 9%及 30 95 % ,此外还含有较高的维生素A。实验表明 :黄血蚕降脂Ⅰ号表现极显著降低高血脂模型小鼠血清总胆固醇 (TC)和血清甘油三脂 (TG)的效果 (P <0 0 1) ,并在一定剂量范围内显示出明显的剂量效应关系 ;金蚕宝胶囊可显著改善四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠三多一少的症状及降低血糖值 ,其中饲料消耗量、饮水量和尿量分别降低 2 5 %、4 7%和 4 3% ,并能维持体重 ,血糖值在对照组上升 5 6 %的状况下降低 33% (P <0 0 1)。由此认为黄血蚕有较高的食用和药用开发价值     

中药复方病毒力克抗炎作用及其作用机理的研究

研究兽用中药复方病毒力克的抗炎作用,并初步探讨其作用机理。采用小鼠耳肿胀模型、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高模型、小鼠足跖肿胀模型及小鼠纸片肉芽肿模型观察病毒力克的抗炎作用,同时测定小鼠角叉菜胶致足炎性渗出物中的MDA、HA、5-TH及血清中NO含量,研究病毒力克的抗炎机制。结果显示,病毒力克能显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀,明显抑制醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性,减轻角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀度,并有抑制小鼠纸片肉芽肿的作用;病毒力克能明显降低角叉菜胶致足炎性渗出物中的MDA、HA、5-TH及血清中NO的含量。研究结果表明,病毒力克具有明显的抗炎作用,其抗炎机理与其抑制炎性介质MDA、histamin、5-TH及血清中NO的释放有关。     

Evaluation of serum and urine 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and myo-inositol concentrations in healthy dogs

1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5AG) is a pyranoid polyol compound found in human circulating blood. Myo-inositol (MI) is a stereoisomer of inositol and serves as a precursor of inositol phospholipids. 1,5AG and MI are filtered by the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed through the renal tubules. However, under hyperglycemic conditions, reabsorption through the renal tubules is competitively inhibited because the structures of 1,5AG and MI resemble that of glucose. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels in healthy dogs. We demonstrated that 1,5AG and MI exist in canine serum and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under continuous hyperglycemic conditions, the serum 1,5AG concentration in healthy dogs decreased while the serum MI concentration remained unchanged. Urinary excretion of 1,5AG and MI increased significantly after blood glucose concentrations reached 200 to 220 mg/dl. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum 1,5AG and glucose concentrations during hyperglycemia. However, no significant correlation was observed between serum MI and glucose concentrations. In this study, we demonstrated that serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels were changed by blood glucose concentrations. The serum 1,5AG concentration was decreased by continuous hyperglycemia. However, the serum MI concentration does not reflect hyperglycemia.     

中药与甲氧苄啶复方对小鼠血液学和免疫学指标的影响

为明确中药与甲氧苄啶复方在动物体内抗感染作用的机制,本试验研究了其对小鼠血液学和免疫学指标的影响。将受试药物按1、5、10 g/kg体重连续腹腔注射15 d,通过Coulter-JT血细胞分析仪对血液中的红细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞进行了计数。采用脏器系数测定法、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞法、比浊法和MTT法分别对小鼠免疫器官指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶菌酶含量、血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力进行测定。结果表明中药与甲氧苄啶复方可显著增加血液中的红细胞数、单核细胞比例等(P＜0.05),显著增加免疫器官指数,增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和血清溶菌酶活性,提高血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力(P＜0.05)。因此中药与甲氧苄啶复方对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能均有增强作用。     

腹腔注射GnIH对雄性小鼠采食、体重和血糖稳态的影响

目的 探究促性腺激素抑制激素（gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone,GnIH）对雄性小鼠采食、体重和血糖稳态的影响。方法 选取体重及日龄相近的雄性小鼠20只,随机分为2组,分别为对照组[腹腔注射生理盐水100 μL/（次·只）]和试验组[腹腔注射20 μg/100 μL GnIH,100 μL/（次·只）],每组10只,每天注射2次,连续注射21 d。观察和记录小鼠的采食情况;对小鼠的体重、空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素耐量进行测定;利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）方法对小鼠胰腺中胰岛素转录因子基因（NeuroD1）、胰岛素基因（Ins）、胰高血糖素基因（Gcg）、胰岛素转录调控因子基因（Pdx1）mRNA相对表达量进行检测。结果 与对照组相比,试验组小鼠平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著（P<0.01）升高;试验组小鼠空腹血糖曲线下面积极显著（P<0.01）增加,葡萄糖耐量的血糖曲线下面积极显著（P<0.01）增加,胰岛素耐量的血糖曲线下面积极显著（P<0.01）增加;试验组小鼠胰腺Gcg基因mRNA相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高,Ins基因mRNA、Pdx1基因mRNA和NeuroD1基因mRNA相对表达量均显著（P<0.05）下降。结论 慢性腹腔注射GnIH会引起雄性小鼠采食量和体重增加,并引起机体血糖紊乱。     

蚕蛹油的降血糖机制初探

研究了超临界CO2萃取蚕蛹油对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖作用,并探讨了其可能的作用机制。结果表明,以低剂量[300 mg/(kg.d)]、高剂量[600 mg/(kg.d)]蚕蛹油灌胃治疗,糖尿病模型小鼠的体重均明显增加,血糖较模型对照组显著降低,降血糖效果与格列苯脲相当;蚕蛹油低、高剂量组治疗糖尿病小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数均比模型对照组有所提高,小鼠血清及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)的产生得到抑制,提示增强机体免疫力和抗氧化作用可能是蚕蛹油降血糖的作用机制之一。     

Effects of exogenous urea infusion on glucose metabolism in acute heat stressed swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The effects of intravenous urea infusion on glucose turnover, glucose carbon recycling, glucose pool size and glucose clearance were studied in buffaloes kept in either normal ambient temperature or acute heat exposure. Heat stressed animals showed increases in glucose turnover rate, plasma glucose concentration and glucose clearance but decreased glucose carbon recycling. A marked reduction of glucose turnover and glucose clearance associated with increased plasma glucose concentration in heat stressed animals after urea infusion reflects under-utilization of this compound. Mechanisms involved in glucose metabolism during urea infusion in buffaloes are discussed.     

Blood-to-saliva glucose time lag in sedated healthy dogs

The management of diabetes mellitus mandates measurement of blood glucose. Saliva offers an alternative to blood sampling, but measurement of the salivary glucose concentration is difficult, and the blood-to-saliva glucose time lag is uncertain. We aimed to determine the serum–saliva glucose time lag in the saliva of healthy dogs. The combined duct of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands of 6 dogs was cannulated to collect saliva and prevent glucose degradation by oral bacteria. Following a 0.25 g/kg IV bolus of dextrose, paired serum–saliva samples were collected at baseline and in twelve 5-min blocks over 60 min. Serum and salivary glucose levels were analyzed with a linear mixed model for repeated measures with a compound symmetry error structure. Mean (±SD) saliva production was 10.3 ± 2.9 µL/kg/min, and the area under the curve (AUC_glucose)_saliva/serum ratio was 0.006, which highlights the magnitude of the large difference in glucose concentration between the 2 compartments. The serum–saliva glucose time lag was 30–40 min.     

The influence of a fermentation-resistant glucose diet on the glucose concentration and other metabolites in portal and jugular blood in cows

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation-resistant glucose on the glucose concentration and other metabolites in portal and jugular blood in 15 non-lactating cows. In all cows, an indwelling catheter was placed in the left jugular vein and the portal vein for collection of blood samples. Five control cows were fed hay as a normal diet, five control cows were fed straw to induce an energy deficit and five cows were fed hay and they received additionally 2000 g of a fermentation-resistant D-glucose product. The glucose concentration in jugular and portal blood was not influenced by feeding. The concentration of urea and bile acids were significantly higher in portal blood than jugular blood. There was no difference between portal and jugular blood of glucose and total solids. Diet had a significant effect on the concentrations of ammonia, urea, free fatty acids and triglycerides. The concentrations of ammonia and urea were higher in blood of cows fed straw than in blood of cows fed either hay or a fermentation-resistant glucose product. The concentration of urea remained constant in cows fed hay, but increased in cows fed straw and decreased in cows fed a fermentation-resistant glucose product. The concentration of free fatty acids and triglycerides were significantly higher in cows fed a fermentation-resistant glucose product than in cows fed hay. In the present study, a single administration of 300 g of fermentation-resistant glucose did not affect the concentration of blood glucose. Therefore, despite ongoing promotion of such products, there is no indication at this time that administration of fermentation-resistant glucose to cows at the start of lactation results in an increase in blood glucose concentration.