运输和冷藏设施对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗效价影响的研究

疫苗效价受诸多因素的影响，尤其是运输、冷藏、保管等环节，本试验旨在研究运输和不同冷藏设施对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗效价的影响。结果表明，库温－６．７５～－１０．７℃条件下保管０、１５、３０天后疫苗效价均在２×１０４／ｍｌ以上，仔猪猪瘟血清中和抗体效价经测定为１：１２８以上。     

提高家畜疫苗免疫效果的方法

1确保疫苗的质量要选择正规厂家生产的疫苗,有国家药监局的批准文号、标识,只有疫苗的质量过硬,才能保证免疫效果。一些不法商家为了谋取私利而生产的没有国家批准文号的疫苗,质量不过关,有的还生产假冒伪劣疫苗,致使免疫效果差,达不到免疫效果。2规范保管疫苗不同疫苗有不同的保管要求,冻干苗一般要求在零下15℃冷冻保存。灭活苗则一般要求在2~8℃冷藏保存。运输时要用冷藏车、保温箱,运输冻     

影响畜禽免疫抗体效价的因素及措施

<正>畜禽免疫抗体效价是衡量动物疫病免疫效果的一项重要指标,提高畜禽免疫抗体效价是控制重大动物疫病的爆发、流行,促进畜禽养殖业健康、持续发展的重要保障。在工作中,我们发现各别养殖户及养殖场的畜禽免疫抗体效价比较低。1主要原因1.1疫苗因素1.1.1疫苗运输保管不当在疫苗运输过程中,没有采取必要的温控措施。冻干疫苗     

农村预防接种操作技术规程

为了提高畜禽免疫接种效果,确保各项免疫成功,笔者将多年从事农村预防接种工作的操作规程总结如下,供兽医技术人员参考. 1 疫苗保管 1.1 保存 各种疫苗应保存在低温、避光及干燥的场所.灭活疫苗、油乳剂灭活苗应在2～10℃下冷藏,防止冻结;弱毒疫苗应在0℃以下冷冻保存,如禽流感、新城疫重组苗,猪瘟苗等应在-15℃以下保存.     

规模化猪场免疫失败的原因分析与对策探讨

疫苗的使用对控制畜禽传染病的发生起着重要作用，但在生产实践中，我们经常遇到猪群注射某种疫苗后仍然发生该传染病，从而导致免疫失败，分析其原因是多样的。影响因素1疫苗因素1．1疫苗本身质量差。如：冻干苗的失真空现象等。由于防疫员对此缺乏认识，IM用前对疫苗不进行认真检查，一律视为合格疫苗，必然导致免疫失败。1．2注射疫苗虽在有效期内，但由于疫苗的运输、保管、贮存等诸多环节中国频繁接触高温而导致疫苗失效或效价降低，实际上达不到预防效果。1．3疫苗稀释后未按要求在规定时间内用完。一般活疫苗在稀释后夏季应3小时用…     

动物免疫操作过程中应注意的一些细节

正一、疫苗的运输与贮藏疫苗的保存和运输应严格遵循低温、避光的要点,运输疫苗时,必须有冷藏设施,若无冷藏设施时一定要加冰运输,且温度不超过25℃,避免阳光直射。运输过程要短,速度要快。活疫苗要求在—22℃下保存(放置冰箱冷冻处);灭活苗的保存温度一般应控制在2℃~8℃(放置冰箱冷藏处),不能结冻,温度过高或低于0℃以下,疫苗使用效果都会受到影响。     

鸡法氏囊病免疫失败的因素及对策

<正>1疫苗自身因素不同的疫苗需要其相应的运输和保存条件,不能满足其要求的运输和保存条件,就会引起效价降低或失效。所以必须按疫苗要求的条件进行保存和运输。法氏囊弱毒苗一般在-18℃保存,而法氏囊油佐剂苗是在4～8℃进行保存,若保存方法不当,易造成疫苗效价下降,引起免疫失败。另外,购     

鸡群免疫失败的种种因素

目前大多数鸡场的免疫效果是好的。但有些鸡场，由于技术水平及其它一些原因，出现免疫失败，给养鸡生产造成损失，现将免疫失败的主要原因归纳如下：1疫苗质量问题疫苗本身不合格，无论你怎样接种，免疫效果都不理想。因此，在购买疫苗时，应选择信誉好，质量可靠的厂家生产的疫苗。2疫苗保管、贮藏、运输不当各种疫苗应保存在低温、阴凉及干燥的场所。不同的疫苗所需要的运输保存条件不同。冻干苗一般需要-13℃以下冷冻保存。湿苗一般在0～5℃保存。油乳剂疫苗的保存温度一般在8℃左右。不用冷藏瓶提取疫苗，或疫苗放置时间过久，超过有效…     

疫苗使用中的几个注意事项

<正>1疫苗的运输与保存外界环境温度不超过8℃时,疫苗可常规运输,当超过8℃以上,需冷藏运输,可用保温箱或保温瓶加些冰块,避免阳光照射;通常弱毒活苗须冷冻保存,灭活苗2℃～8℃保存,不得冻结;疫苗在运输及保存过程中应尽量避免由于温度忽高忽低而造成反复冻融,以免失活或降低效价;饮水免疫前后24小时,禁止在饮水中加入消毒药物,进行环境消毒时不要把消毒液喷到料水中;使用菌苗前7日、后10日内禁止     

影响畜禽免疫效果的因素分析

正1影响畜禽免疫效果的因素1.1疫苗因素1疫苗的质量:疫苗的质量是影响畜禽免疫效果的关键因素,应选择经农业部批准并经GMP质量认证的生产厂家生产的疫苗。对生物制品的外包装、标签、批准文号、生产批号、出厂日期、是否有破损等认真检查。疫苗入库后应由专人保管。2选择的疫苗毒株血清型不符引起免疫效果低下。畜禽疫病的菌毒株有多种血清型。如口蹄疫有7个亚型,由于我国目前的畜禽交易流通比较频繁,外来畜源     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.