浅析家禽肠道健康维护的关键因素

近年,健康养殖已成为家禽业关注的热点,维护家禽肠道健康对于进行健康养殖具有重要意义。本文讨论了维持家禽肠道健康的关键因素:肠道系统的早期发育,有益微生物在肠道的早期定植,肠道菌群平衡的调节,指出开发以小肽和源于家禽肠道有益菌为主的家禽肠道保护剂在维护家禽肠道健康、进行健康养殖方面具有广阔的市场前景。     

家禽肠道健康与家禽健康关系密切——家禽健康养殖的关键——维护肠道完整性

近几年来,随着家禽业的规模化发展,家禽健康成为影响养殖成败的关键。研究表明,家禽的肠道健康与家禽的健康状态关系密切。家禽的肠道健康问题主要是由于不当的营养供给和不卫生的环境条件,尤其是在鸡发育的初期阶段,饲料营养不当和环境卫生不良可以直接损害肠道的健康。因此,为了实现健康养殖,必须千方百计维护肠道健康即肠道的完整性。维护肠道的完整性,一是要通过重当鲍爹养和清洁的环境保持天然肠道的健康状态,二是要及时有效治疗发生的肠道疾病。     

饲料营养对家禽肠道健康的作用

家禽日粮、肠道黏膜和微生物菌群的互作以维持其肠道健康。文章对家禽肠道的免疫细胞和肠道微生物菌群对肠道健康的具体作用做简要介绍。     

肠道健康的定义和标志物鉴定

肠道健康是一个尚未被明确定义的术语,其在过去十年成为人们研究工作的焦点,而它们对家禽的短期影响显而易见。本文综述了肠道健康的宏观定义、形态学定义、微生物定义以及肠道完整性标志物的鉴定,以期为缓解家禽肠道健康问题提供参考。     

家禽肠道健康及其营养调控措施探讨

家禽肠道健康是抵抗感染和非感染疾病的基础条件,本文研究家禽肠道健康及其营养调控措施。小肠是消化吸收的主要部位,内部有微生物群落。对家禽的营养调控需应用多种氨基酸,以保证家禽肠道健康,希望本文的观点能够为关注此话题的研究者提供参考意见。     

家禽肠道健康及其营养调控措施

肠道健康是一种维持肠道正常生理功能和稳态、抵抗感染和非传染性疾病的能力,肠道健康失衡对家禽生长发育和生产性能均有不利影响。本文综述了肠道健康的概念、组成及调控家禽肠道健康的营养措施,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

日粮纤维在家禽生产中的应用研究进展

日粮纤维是家禽饲粮中不可缺少的部分，适量的日粮纤维能够提高家禽的生产性能，对维持家禽肠道的正常功能及形态、调节肠道菌群和肠道健康等方面具有积极作用。日粮纤维对家禽生产性能的影响与其来源、使用量、加工处理方式等密切相关。文章主要介绍日粮纤维的概念和理化性质，综述其对家禽生产性能、蛋品质、肠道健康等方面的影响，为日粮纤维在家禽生产中的高效利用提供参考。     

全球视野纵论家禽营养与肠道健康

正2014年6月22~25日,由中国农业大学动物营养学国家重点实验室主办的家禽营养与肠道健康国际学术交流会在湖北宜昌召开。围绕家禽肠道健康主题,10位专家分别就肠道健康的重要性、生产实际中存在的家禽肠道健康问题及维护肠道健康的营养     

正确认识家禽的肠道健康

正近几年家禽病情的复杂化日益明显耐药菌株不断出现,家禽肠道保健越来越受到养殖者的重视。以前,在禽群发生疾病后,人们首先想到的是抗病毒、防大肠杆菌继发感染,很少考虑保护肠道健康。由于长期使用抗生素,不仅诱发了肠道炎症,还造成了免疫抑制、营养失调,最终致使家禽生产性能和健康水平逐步下降。近两年,许多家禽养殖场已经开始学习肠道健康知识重视饲料营养、肠道黏膜、微生物菌群三者之间的平衡互作关系对家禽肠道健康的重     

确保家禽健康的营养措施

2009年,Mingan Choct教授曾经说,肠道健康是高度复杂的,它包含肠道宏观和微观结构的完整性、肠道微生物区系的平衡以及肠道免疫系统的状态。近年来,肠道健康管理已成为家禽行业的一个重要话题。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …