Feline primary open angle glaucoma

Objectives We have documented the histomorphological features of feline primary open angle glaucoma. Design A retrospective morphologic study of eight affected eyes from eight cats, from 1992 to 2006 extracted from a pathology collection, which includes 4000 feline submissions and 1100 cases of feline glaucoma. Procedure Sections of affected globes, stained with H&E or with alcian blue were examined with a light microscope. Eyes that did not fulfill the criteria for primary open angle glaucoma were excluded from the study. Results The mean age was 9.1 years. Five cats were female and three cats were male. The breeds included five DSH, two Burmese, and one DLH cat. Significant histomorphological findings included an open irido‐corneal angle with an open ciliary cleft in all cases, loss of ganglion cells in eight of eight cases, cupping and gliosis of the optic nerve head in four of four cases in which the optic nerve was adequately sampled, and myxomatous changes of the stroma surrounding the vortex veins in seven of eight cases. Conclusions Primary open angle glaucoma in cats is a rare disease that should be taken into consideration when investigating cases of feline glaucoma. The pathogenesis of aqueous outflow obstruction in these cases is not known. This study describes eight additional cases of feline primary open angle glaucoma in cats without an identified cause.     

Marine connectivity and fish length frequencies of selected species in two adjacent temporarily open/closed estuaries in the Eastern Cape Province,South Africa

The effects of timing, frequency and duration of mouth opening and marine overwash events on fish assemblages in two, adjacent temporarily open/closed estuaries were investigated. Sampling was conducted biannually over two years during summer and winter, using selective sampling gear to target estuarine-associated marine species. During this period the East Kleinemonde Estuary opened more frequently than the West Kleinemonde Estuary and it also experienced a greater number of bar overwash events when larval recruitment can occur. The timing of mouth opening and the frequency of marine overwash events did not influence species richness of marine-spawning species but had a pronounced effect on abundances (catch-per-unit-effort) of species. The species composition of both estuaries was similar, but the catch-per-unit-effort in the East Kleinemonde Estuary was more than three times greater than that of the West Kleinemonde Estuary. The East Kleinemonde also supported a greater proportion of immature individuals of Rhabdosargus holubi and Monodactylus falciformis, and the length frequency distributions of both these species differed significantly between the two estuaries. The larger fish sizes in the West Kleinemonde Estuary were attributed to the prolonged mouth closure that resulted in the trapping of larger juveniles and mature fish within the estuary.     

鲁西黄牛开放和闭锁核心群育种方案的对比分析

鲁西黄牛是中国优良的地方品种,为了更有效的制定适宜的育种方案,加快鲁西黄牛肉用品系的选育,本研究在鲁西黄牛青年公牛体系和核心群育种方案的基础上,分别设定开放和闭锁核心群育种方案,采用确定性模型评估了开放和闭锁核心群育种体系的育种效果。结果表明,开放与闭锁核心群育种方案相比,综合遗传进展提高了0.80％;育种产出量提高了9.39％;育种效益提高了10.64％;世代间隔延长了0.90％,开放核心群体系优于闭锁核心群体系。这充分说明,在鲁西牛核心群育种方案中,开放核心群育种体系优于闭锁核心群育种体系。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic findings of the iridocorneal angle in live healthy and glaucomatous dogs

By using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), the cross-sectional structures of the entire iridocorneal angle (ICA) which are unable to assess with gonioscopic examination were evaluated objectively and quantitatively in live healthy and glaucomatous dogs. The ICAs of normotensive eyes in healthy dogs with normal open angle (NOR), a predisposition to primary closed angle glaucoma (PCAG) (PREDIS) and suffering from unilateral PCAG (UNI), as well as the ICAs of hypertensive eyes with acute and chronic PCAG (ACG and CRG), were assessed. The opening of the ciliary cleft in PREDIS was smaller than that in NOR. In UNI, the opening and area of the ciliary cleft were significantly decreased compared with those of NOR and PREDIS. ACG had widespread structural abnormalities including marked decrease in the ciliary cleft and scleral venous plexus, and a thinner sclera than those in normotensive eyes, whereas the ICA collapsed in CRG with the thinnest sclera. Medical therapy-responsive glaucomatous cases had wider ciliary cleft and scleral venous plexus than unresponsive ones. These findings suggest that the ciliary cleft and scleral venous plexus of the ICA are key structures contributing to not only the pathophysiology of canine glaucoma but also the responsiveness to medical therapy in glaucomatous eyes, and cross-sectional entire structures of the ICA should be evaluated quantitatively with UBM when diagnosing and managing canine glaucoma.     

封闭性和开放性沼泽湿地土壤全磷的季节变化特征

以吉林省通榆县付老文泡和二百方子湿地为对象,对比研究了封闭性和开放性湿地土壤全磷含量的季节变化特征及其与土壤理化性状的关系。结果表明:付老文泡湿地0～100cm深度的土壤全磷含量范围为48.77～377.19mg/kg,二百方子为45.65～574.17mg/kg,随季节变化呈现先减后增的变化趋势,即12月-次年5月土壤全磷含量较高,5-7月逐渐下降,在7和8月出现最低值,9和10月含量较低且变化不大,10-12月含量又逐渐回升。土壤全磷主要分布在0～40cm土层,深层含量较低且差异不大;2类湿地土壤全磷含量均未达到生态毒性效应水平。植物地上部分全磷量与土壤全磷之间存在显著的正相关关系,付老文泡湿地植被生长受氮磷协同限制,而二百方子湿地植被主要受氮含量限制。2类湿地土壤全磷与土壤全氮、有机质及粘粒显著正相关,与土壤C/N无显著相关关系;但pH值仅与二百方子湿地土壤全磷显著负相关,与付老文泡湿地土壤全磷无显著相关关系。     

The population dynamics of the estuarine isopod Exosphaeroma hylocoetes (Barnard, 1940) within three temporarily open/closed southern African estuaries

The population dynamics of the estuarine isopod, Exosphaeroma hylocoetes, was investigated monthly from February 2006 to August 2007 in three temporarily open/closed Eastern Cape estuaries, the East and West Kleinemonde and Kasouga Estuaries. Mean isopod abundances and biomasses ranged between 0 and 4791 ind/m² and 0 and 9.65 mg/dwt/m² in the West Kleinemonde Estuary and between 0 and 108 ind/m² and 0 and 0.318 mg/dwt/m² in the nearby East Kleinemonde Estuary. In the Kasouga Estuary, the values ranged between 0 and 3650 ind/m² and 0 and 5.105 mg/dwt/m². Temporal changes in the abundance and biomass of E. hylocoetes within the three systems was primarily linked to mouth phase, with populations crashing when the mouth was open and to a lesser extent, seasonality. In all three estuaries maximum abundance and biomass was recorded in the middle reaches, which could be ascribed to the presence of submerged macrophytes. E. hylocoetes demonstrates strong sexual dimorphism, with males being significantly larger than females (P < 0.05). Sex ratios were skewed in favour of females in all three estuaries. Females were encountered carrying young from an overall length of 2.5 mm throughout the year     

Pectinate ligament dysplasia (PLD) and glaucoma in Flat Coated Retrievers. I. Objectives, technique and results of a PLD survey

Pectinate ligament dysplasia (PLD) in dogs is a congenital ocular abnormality affecting the iridocorneal angle, the presence of which may be associated with adult-onset primary glaucoma. This paper describes the objectives, methods and results of a survey of PLD in Flat Coated Retrievers in the UK, including the technique used for gonioscopic assessment of the degree of PLD. In a random sample of 389 Flat Coated Retrievers, 34.7% were found to have a degree of PLD. In a 'target' sample of 48 Flat Coated Retrievers (close relatives of dogs from the random sample with high degrees of PLD, or dogs presented with primary glaucoma), 83.3% were found to have a degree of PLD. The percentage of animals with a degree of PLD was only 6.0% in a 'control' sample of 100 dogs from other breeds. The relationship between PLD and canine glaucoma is discussed.     

兔舍采光效果设计方案

为了建筑自然采光效果好的兔舍 ,提高舍养家兔的饲养效果 ,并添补家畜环境卫生方面的空白 ,以一定纬度 (北纬 4 1°19′)地区为例 ,设计了一种自然采光兔舍。其自然采光系数为 1:2 0 5 ,透光角为 31°2 3′ ,光线入射跨度为 1 0 0～ 4 5 8m ;入射角为 4 3°30′ ,71°2 7′。