光质对狗蔷薇类原球茎发生和植株再生的影响

为探讨光照对狗蔷薇类原球茎的发生和植株再生的影响,采用发光二极管(LED)调制获取不同光谱能量分布的光质配比(纯红光、偏红光(3∶1)、等比光(1∶1)、偏蓝光(1∶3)、纯蓝光),以荧光灯和黑暗作对照,结果表明:偏蓝光条件下狗蔷薇类原球茎的发生率最高,达64%;蓝光、偏红光以及荧光灯下PLBs发生率30%左右,黑暗情况下仅14%。在偏蓝光条件下平均每外植体产生的类原球茎量是其他光质下的2倍。PLBs萌发率在纯红光条件下达到30%,在红蓝混合光下达20%左右,纯蓝光下仅为17%。但在PLBs分化和萌发过程中,含红光条件下的PLBs萌发后更易形成假珠芽,最高达12%,蓝光下仅形成畸形苗。说明不同光质组合对PLBs发育的不同阶段产生不同的影响,偏蓝光有利于狗蔷薇PLBs的发生,红光有利于PLBs的分化和萌发,在含红光的光照下容易诱导出假珠芽。     

光质对立体浮盘培育烟苗叶片光合特性及根系生长的影响

为研究光质对立体浮盘培育烟苗叶绿体色素、光合响应和根系发育的影响,试验设置白光(对照)、红光、蓝光和LED光4个处理。结果表明:与其他光质比较,蓝光光质下烟苗叶绿素a含量显著(P0.05)提高16.13%~28.57%、叶绿素b显著提高30.00%~36.84%,此外,类胡萝卜素含量比红光光质下显著提高18.18%;不同光质条件下烟苗叶片最大净光合速率(Pmax)的大小关系为蓝光白光LED光红光,且蓝光光质下烟苗光饱和点最高;红蓝光质下,烟苗根系长度、根系表面积、根系平均直径和根系体积均显著(P0.05)增加,以蓝光下烟苗根系发育最好,其烟苗4叶1心时根系长度达98.11cm、根系表面积22.78cm2、根系平均直径0.74mm和根系体积0.42cm3。本研究结果表明,采用蓝光光质更适用于烤烟立体育苗,有利于培育壮苗。     

植物根系重力学研究

受重力刺激后的植物在重力矢量上的生长反应称为向重性反应。一般认为,植物的向重性可分为感受、转导和生长反应3个阶段。从植物根的向重力性、植物根系的向重力性反应、植物根系感受重力的2种假说及太空植物实验等方面论述了植物根系重力学问题。     

短柄草Hsf家族全基因组鉴定、分类和高温响应

分析短柄草Hsf家族成员的进化关系,并进行分类;利用多种软件和在线工具分析短柄草Hsf的蛋白结构功能域和基因启动子区域的顺式作用元件;分析基因组信息,进行基因的染色体定位;利用荧光实时定量技术(qRT-PCR),分析短柄草Hsf基因在高温胁迫下的表达模式,鉴定出一些高温诱导表达的Hsf基因。     

Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth,leaf anatomy,and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse

Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 μmol m~(-2)s~(-1) total photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes(LEDs) light spectrum(RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum(BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum(RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum(RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control(CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly. Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micro-propagation of potato plantlets. Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable; BB and RB could be used as alternatives.     

Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs

Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.     

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism by which blue light promotes lutein synthesis in strawberry

Carotenoids are an important component of the human diet, and fruit is a primary source of carotenoids. The synthesis and regulation of carotenoids in fruit are important contributors to the formation of fruit quality. In China, strawberry is one of the main seasonal fruits grown in the winter. Previous studies have shown that light has a significant effect on the metabolism of anthocyanins, sugars, and polyphenols in strawberry. However, the understanding of the role of light in regulating the metabolism of carotenoids in strawberry remains limited. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, yellow-green, and white light on carotenoid metabolism in strawberry. Blue light treatment promoted the synthesis of multiple carotenoids, including lutein, compared with the other three treatment groups. The RNA sequencing data revealed that blue light treatment promoted the expression of lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE), and the transient overexpression of LCYE in strawberry fruit promoted lutein accumulation in strawberry. Overall, the results suggest that blue light can promote the synthesis of lutein in strawberry by inducing the expression of LCYE.     

紫罗兰下胚轴原生质体分离条件的研究*

 以紫罗兰（Matthiola incana）无菌苗下胚轴为材料，对光照条件、无菌苗日龄、酶液渗透压、酶液组合和酶解时间对其原生质体分离的影响进行了研究。结果表明，种子在20 ℃黑暗条件下萌发4 d后，转移到25 ℃，2 000 lx，14 h光照/日条件下约14日苗龄，用1.2%Celluase (Onozuka R-10)+0.8% Macerozyme(Onozuka R-10)+3 mmol/L MES+CPW-10 mol/L酶组合处理约12 h，可以高效分离出有活力的原生质体。这为有效从紫罗兰下胚轴原生质体再生植株和进行体细胞杂交奠定了基础。     

UV-A诱导大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷积累的分子机理

【目的】研究长波紫外光（UV-A）、白光（W）和蓝光（B）对大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷含量、花青苷合成相关酶活性、花青苷合成途径相关基因及光受体基因表达量的影响,以探明UV-A诱导大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷生物合成的分子机理,为光质调控技术应用于大豆芽苗菜工业化生产提供理论依据。【方法】以大豆‘东农690’为试材,以黑暗培养为对照,连续的UV-A、白光（W）和蓝光（B）光照培养作为试验处理,在处理0 h、12 h、24 h和36 h后各采样一次,分别测定花青苷含量,苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（CHI）以及类黄酮半乳糖苷转移酶（UFGT）活性,相关基因（PAL、CHS、CHI、DFR、ANS、UFGT、MYB75、CRY1、CRY2、UVR8）表达量。花青苷含量采用分光光度法测定,苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）及查尔酮异构酶（CHI）活性采用分光光度法测定,类黄酮半乳糖苷转移酶（UFGT）活性采用超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）测定。材料总RNA采用Trizol试剂法提取,基因表达量采用qRT-PCR测定。【结果】黑暗培养下的大豆芽苗菜子叶为黄色,而白光（W）、蓝光（B）和UV-A培养下的大豆芽苗菜子叶为绿色。与黑暗培养及其他光质处理相比,UV-A显著提高大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷含量;随着处理时间的延长,花青苷积累逐渐增加。0 h处理下,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷含量较低,约2 U·g^-1FW。经36 h的UV-A处理,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷含量达到最大值（43 U·g^-1FW）,显著高于黑暗及其他光照处理。0 h处理下,PAL和CHI酶活性较高。与黑暗培养及其他光质处理相比,24 h及36 h UV-A处理显著提高了PAL酶活性;12 h及24 h UV-A处理显著提高了UFGT酶活性。0 h处理下,不同处理间的花青苷合成相关基因表达均无差异。与黑暗培养及其他光质处理相比, UV-A处理36 h显著上调了MYB75、CRY1、CRY2及UVR8的表达,分别上调约12倍、30倍、6倍和2倍;UV-A处理12 h显著上调了花青苷合成相关结构基因（PAL、CHS、CHI、DFR、ANS、UFGT）的表达,分别上调约5倍、58倍、10倍、6倍、44倍和47倍。【结论】UV-A通过提高PAL、UFGT酶活性及上调花青苷合成和光受体相关基因的表达,诱导了大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中花青苷的积累。     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌K88ac-STⅡ-LTA2/LTB融合基因在苜蓿中的表达

为提高农杆菌介导的苜蓿遗传转化效率,获得转K88ac-STⅡ-LTA2/LTB基因苜蓿植株,以苜蓿下胚轴为外植体,对影响遗传转化的预培养时间、农杆菌菌液浓度、筛选方式等进行研究.结果表明,苜蓿下胚轴预培养3 d,菌液浓度为OD6000.5,筛选剂Kan浓度第一阶段和第二阶段分别为30和50 mg/L ,延迟筛选7 d时转化效率最高.对转基因苜蓿进行PCR和PT-PCR检测,初步证实目的基因已经整合到苜蓿基因组中,转化率达28.4%.     

The HD-Zip transcription factor GhHB12 represses plant height by regulating the auxin signaling in cotton

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important natural textile fiber crop worldwide. Plant height (PH) is a significant component of plant architecture, strongly influencing crop cultivation patterns, overall yield, and economic coefficient. However, cotton genes regulating plant height have not been fully identified. Previously, an HD-Zip gene (GhHB12) was isolated and characterized in cotton, which regulates the abiotic and biotic stress responses and the growth and development processes. In this study, we showed that GhHB12 was induced by auxin. Moreover, overexpression of GhHB12 induces the expression of HY5, ATH1, and HAT4, represses the spatial-temporal distribution, polar transport, and signaling of auxin, alters the expression of genes involved in cell wall expansion, and restrains the plant height in cotton. These results suggest a role of GhHB12 in regulating cotton plant height, which could be achieved by affecting the auxin signaling and cell wall expansion.     

光照和生长阶段对菖蒲根系泌氧的影响

以自然湖泊沉积物为研究基质,利用微型电机控制溶氧微电极实现纵向精确微位移,在照光与遮光条件下,对典型湿地植物菖蒲幼苗、成株根系根基部起总根长1/4处(根1/4)、根系中部(根1/2)、从根基部起总根长3/4处(根3/4)及根尖(根1)处根系微界面径向溶氧浓度变化进行原位精确测定.结果表明:无论有无光照,菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位均存在从根表面至沉积物氧饱和度由高到低的氧扩散层,其厚度0.18-0.68 mm;根1/2、3/4、1处氧扩散能力菖蒲成株较幼苗显著增强(P＜0.01),根1/4处二者则无显著差异(P＞0.05);光照对菖蒲幼苗、成株根系不同部位氧扩散能力的影响存在差异,光照对菖蒲幼苗根1/2及菖蒲成株根1/2、根3/4处影响显著(照光组显著高于遮光组,P＜0.01),而对菖蒲幼苗根1/4、根3/4、根1及菖蒲成株根1/4、根1处无显著影响(P＞0.05);从根系泌氧空间差异上看,照光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2＞根3/4≈根1≈根1/4 (P＜0.01,P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4＞根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01),遮光条件下菖蒲幼苗、成株分别表现为根1/2≈根3/4≈根1≈根1/4( P＞0.05)和根1/2＞根3/4≈根1＞根1/4( P＜0.01,P＞0.05).     

团头鲂红体色突变体的发现及其种质遗传分析

以自然环境下发现的5尾红色鳊鱼(雌鱼3尾,雄鱼2尾)为材料,进行种质遗传鉴别。形态可数性状测定显示,红色鳊鱼胸鳍条数为14,背鳍和臀鳍棘数均为2,而其他6群体鳊鲂鱼类(东江三角鲂、钱塘江三角鲂、广东鲂、团头鲂、厚颌鲂和长春鳊)的胸鳍条数为16-19,背鳍和臀鳍棘数均为3。对9项形态学可量比例参数和20项框架参数进行主成分分析,显示红色鳊鱼突变体在这些形态上与团头鲂较近。微卫星聚类分析发现,红色鳊鱼突变体首先与团头鲂聚类,遗传距离最近,为0.309 4,与长春鳊的遗传距离最远,为3.743 9。最后,通过线粒体COX1和COX2基因序列分析,发现这5尾突变体与团头鲂的遗传相似度高达99%,与三角鲂、长春鳊、大眼华鳊、翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鲫、鲤和斑马鱼的遗传相似度分别为95%、95%、94%、94%、93%、86%、86%和82%,聚类分析结果也显示红色鳊鱼突变体首先与团头鲂聚类,表明红色鳊鱼突变体与团头鲂间存在极近的亲缘关系,应属于团头鲂的体色突变类型。团头鲂红色突变体可为团头鲂的遗传育种研究提供宝贵的研究材料。