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烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用^86Rb研究烤烟分次施硝酸钾的钾素营养效应,结果表明:两次追施硝酸钾比全基肥,烤烟脚叶成熟期吸收硝酸钾中钾素提高45.08%;吸收土壤中钾素提高46.99%;吸收总钾量提高45.91%;烟干物质重量提高23.11%,烟叶含钾量提高34.55%。烤烟不同生育期钾素营养效应:两次追施硝酸钾烤烟前期(现蕾期)烟叶中含钾量比后期(脚叶成熟期)高出32.08%,硝酸钾中钾素利用率后期比前期高出40.4 相似文献
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钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用大田试验,在河南驻马店烟区研究了钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响。结果表明,在施钾量相同条件下,随着钾肥的追施比例和追施次数增加,不同部位的烟叶含钾量均增加,尤其是上部叶钾含量显著增加,2次或3次追钾比1次追钾处理上部叶钾含量分别提高18.9%~26.9%、35.0%~41.1%,使耕层土壤供钾能力在整个烤烟生育期内持续稳定在较高水平,并减少了土壤钾素下移,增加了烟株总吸收钾量,显著提高了钾素的利用效率,以钾肥基追比3∶7、分3次追钾处理钾素利用效率最高,达45.48%。 相似文献
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钾肥运筹对烤烟钾吸收利用的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
【目的】烟叶含钾量低是我国生产优质烟叶的主要限制因素之一,困扰着我国烟草生产。本文研究了钾肥运筹对四川省凉山州主栽烤烟品种云烟85钾吸收利用的影响,为当地合理施用钾肥提供科学依据。【方法】以云烟85为试验材料,采用大田试验,研究钾肥用量对云烟85的产量和钾积累量的影响,确定相对较优的钾肥用量及烤烟的钾积累高峰期;在此基础上,研究钾肥施用方式对云烟85的产量、品质、钾积累量和钾肥利用率的影响。【结果】烤烟产量和钾积累量随钾肥用量的增加先升高后降低。钾肥用量为158 kg/hm2(约为当地常规用量的75%)时,云烟85的烟叶产量(2238.2 kg/hm2)与最高产量(2239.1 kg/hm2),钾积累量(52.16 kg/hm2)与最高钾积累量(53.47 kg/hm2)之间差异较小,在土壤速效钾含量处于丰富(≥200 mg/kg)水平时,降低25%左右的钾肥用量可提高种植云烟85的经济效益。烟草生育周期内,钾积累速率呈双峰曲线,钾积累高峰出现在旺长后期(移栽后50~65 d)和中部叶成熟期(移栽后85~95 d)。在钾肥施用总量158 kg/hm2条件下,在烤烟进入旺长后期(移栽后50~65 d)和中部叶成熟期(移栽后85~95 d)之前,分别追施钾肥总量的15%~20%,打顶后5 d和10 d内烟叶钾积累量的降低比例分别比常规施肥减少了37.2~42.0和15.4~60.3个百分点,且成熟期中、上部烟叶的含钾量显著增大,分别达3.21%和3.37%,钾肥利用率比当地常规施肥方式高出12~18个百分点。【结论】钾肥追施时期调整至钾积累高峰期之前,有望提高成熟期的烟叶含钾量。在本试验条件下,种植云烟85时应将钾肥用量控制在158 kg/hm2左右,并在旺长后期和中部叶成熟期分别追施钾肥总量的15%~20%,可有效提高钾肥利用率和成熟期的烟叶含钾量,达到高产优质的目的。 相似文献
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氮、钾营养对烤烟品质的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
通过田间小区试验,研究氮素和钾素对烤烟的品质化学成分的影响,结果表明:(1)总糖含量与烟叶成熟期土壤有效钾(K)含量呈显著的二次曲线相关性,成熟期土壤速效钾含量分界点为113.33mg/kg。(2)总烟碱含量与施氮量、烟叶含氮量(中期或成熟期)呈显著的相关性。(3)蛋白质含量与施氮量、烟叶含氮量(中期或成熟期)、烟叶含钾量(中期或成熟期)有一定的相关性。(4)施木克值与成熟期土壤速效钾含量呈显著的二次曲线相关性,成熟期土壤速效钾分界点为133.33mg/kg。(5)糖/碱比与烤烟生育前期施氮量和土壤碱解氮,与中后期土壤供钾和烟叶含钾量有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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生长后期不同断根及追钾对云南烤烟含钾量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
田间试验研究生长后期不同断根及追钾对云南烤烟含K量的影响结果表明 ,不同断根时间、断根部位和断根数量以及断根时追K与否及追施K素的形态等均对烤烟烟叶含K量的影响不同 ,烟株生长后期实施断根和追施K肥等措施可提高根系吸收活力和增加烟叶含K量。其中打顶时断根同时追施速效钾肥为最佳处理 ,其烟株各部位叶片含K量和上部叶片干物质量增幅最高 ,且易于实际操作。 相似文献
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打顶时不同追钾对云南烤烟含钾量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
田间试验研究打顶时不同追K对云南烤烟含K量的影响结果表明 ,打顶时追施K肥可提高烤烟叶片含K量和烟株吸K量。烤烟田间土壤补施K肥 (包括根部集中施用K2 SO4、KNO3 和缓效钾 )处理其提高烟叶含K量效应明显优于叶面喷施K肥 (包括叶面喷施KH2 PO4、KNO3 和K2 SO4)处理 ,而 3种土壤追施K肥处理以施K2 SO4和KNO3 效果最佳 ,烤烟生育后期追施K肥提高中、上部叶片含K量效果最佳 ,顶叶含K量由对照的 2 .6 %增至3.2 %。 相似文献
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氯和钾营养对烤烟产量和品质的影响 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
在四川中性紫色土上研究烤烟的氯钾营养及其与产量品质的关系。结果表明,施氯量80-240mgCl/kg土,可提高烟叶的光合强度,增强POD、PPO、SOD、NR等抗逆酶的活性,增大叶面积。烟叶含氯量随施氯量的增加而增加,烤烟烟叶产量比对照提高5.5-21.5%。以烟叶含氯1%,K2O/Cl比4为标准确定的该地区烤烟耐氯临界值为139-165mgCl/kg土(土壤水溶性氯),可使烟叶中糖和烟碱含量和比例协调。从烤烟营养和品质看,植烟土壤含氯(水溶性氯)以不超过160mg/kg土为宜。试验还表明施氯促进了烤烟对氯、钾的吸收,提高烟叶水溶性总糖含量,但不利于烟株对磷的吸收。因此合理配置烤烟氮、磷、钾、氯的比例对烤烟品质至关重要。本试验结果初步表明在中性紫色土植烟区,以部分氯化钾代替硫酸钾是可能的。 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1)
Original Papers (pp. 805–810) K2Ca2Si2O7, the major component of fused potassium silicate fertilizer, released potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) in a slow manner. The 10% of K in K2Ca2Si2O7 was quickly solubilized in water. Further K dissolution was very slow. The amounts of dissolved Ca and Si in water were much smaller than that of K. The decrease of the Ca and Si concentration in water indicated the occurrence of a re-deposit of Ca and Si at a later stage. The surface imaging method was used in order to study the slow-release process of K2Ca2Si2O7 in water. The surface analysis of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles after dissolution in water for 30 min showed that there were Ca- and Si-rich particles stuck on the fertilizer surface. The results of the analysis of the cross section of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles showed that the K content was lower than those of Ca and Si in the surface boundary layer. On the other hand, the mole ratio of K, Ca and Si was same inside the fertilizer particle. In the portion between the inside and the surface of the fertilizer particle, the content of K and Ca was lower than that of Si. These results indicated that the order of dissolution of fertilizer components from K2Ca2Si2O7 particle was first K, then Ca, and Si last. From the results mentioned above, the process of slow-release K was speculated to be as follows: 1) K on the particle surface was released quickly by an ion exchange reaction with hydrogen ions in water. 2) K inside the particle was released slowly because of dissolution through Si-O-Si bonds. 相似文献
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为了探讨根区施用钾肥对黄淮烟区石灰土烤烟产量和钾素吸收利用的影响,采用田间试验,研究根区枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施对烟叶产量、钾含量以及钾素吸收利用的影响。试验共设9个处理,分别为CK、CP_1、CP_2、WP_1、WP_2、CW_(1-50%)、CW_(2-50%)、CW_(1-75%)与CW_(2-75%)(CK表示对照,CP表示只施用枸溶性钾肥,WP表示只施用硫酸钾,CW表示枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施;数字1、2表示施用量分别为225、300 kg/hm~2,百分数表示硫酸钾的配施比例)。结果表明,烟叶钾含量随生育期推进呈下降趋势,不同施肥处理各时期烟叶钾含量均高于CK;不同施肥处理下土壤钾素在垂直和水平方向上迁移距离较小,根区钾肥施用可直接有效的增加根区土壤速效钾含量;施钾(K_2O)300 kg/hm~2与225 kg/hm~2相比,可显著提高烟叶钾含量和钾肥利用效率(P0.05);CW_(2-75%)处理下烟叶钾含量、土壤速效钾含量和钾肥利用率最高,而CW_(2-50%)处理下烟叶产量最高。综上所述,根区施用含75%硫酸钾的枸溶性钾肥300 kg/hm~2(CW_(2-75%)处理)可有效改善黄淮烟区石灰土钾素养分,提高该区烤烟产量、钾含量与钾肥利用效率,达到优质高产。 相似文献
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以云烟87为材料,通过小区田间试验,研究了优质烤烟对不同种类钾肥的吸收效应。结果表明,与不施钾对照相比,施钾增加了烟株干物质积累。不同钾肥品种间相比,在移栽60 d以后,以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理干物质积累量最高。施钾提高了土壤速效钾含量和烟株钾含量,在移栽后45 d以前,以碳酸钾处理对土壤速效钾和烟株钾含量的提高效果最好;在移栽60 d以后,土壤中速效钾和烟株各部位钾含量均以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理最高。收获期与常规硫酸钾处理相比,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理钾素利用率分别提高16.81和7.93个百分点。从烤后烟叶钾含量分析,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理均显著提高了烟叶钾含量。综合分析,以生物包膜缓释钾肥和碳酸钾肥代替常规硫酸钾肥能提高钾素利用率和烟叶钾含量,建议在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):371-385
Abstract Although the basic chemistry and behavior of potassium in the soil is well understood, little of this knowledge is used in soil testing and practical soil fertility mangement. In this study the K buffer behavior of three individual soils (Hagerstown silt loam (Typic Hapludalf), Gatesburg sand (Entic Haplorthod) and Gilpin channery silt loam (Typic Hapludult)) was investigated. The buffer relationships determined indicated very different K behavior for these soils even though exchangeable K soil tests indicated similar K levels. It was also determined that for these soils the buffer relationship was apparently independent of previous K management, indicating that the K buffer behavior could be included as part of soil characterization data. The role of nonexchangeable K in determining K buffer behavior was also investigated. It was found that the levels of solution K where the release of nonexchangeable K becomes measurable (0.27 ‐ 0.83 × 10‐4 M) are similar to solution K levels reportedly required for crop growth (0.02 ‐ 0.95 × 10‐4 M). It was also found that these soils were capable of maintaining a relatively high level of exchangeable K even after extraction of significant amounts of nonexchangeable K with sodium tetraphenyl boron. It was concluded that K buffering behavior of individual soils could and should be included in K management decisions involving corrective soil treatments and/or crop removal estimation. Otherwise, based on current soil tests, soils with very different K buffer behavior will be treated similarly. 相似文献
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土壤非交换态钾与结构态钾能够区分吗? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nonexchangeable K (NEK) is the major portion of the reserve of available K in soil and a primary factor in determining soil K fertility. The questions of how much NEK is in soils and how to quantify total NEK in soils are so far still unclear due to the complicated effects of various minerals on K fixation. In this study, the NEK in 9 soils was extracted with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaBPh4) for various time periods longer than 1 d. The results showed that the NEK extracted by NaBPh4 gradually increased with time, but showed no more increase after the duration of extraction exceeded 10--20 d. As the temperature increased from 25 to 45 oC, the duration to obtain the maximum extraction of NEK was reduced from 20 to 10 d, and the maximum values of NEK released at both temperatures was almost the same for each soil. The maximum NEK (MNEK) of the 9 soils extracted by NaBPh4 varied from 3 074 to 10 081 mg kg-1, accounting for 21%--56% of the total soil K. There was no significant correlation between MNEK released by NaBPh4 and other forms of K, such as NH4OAc-extracted K, HNO3-extracted K and total K in soils, which indicates that NEK is a special form of K that has no inevitable relationship to the other forms of K in soils. The MNEK extraction by NaBPh4 in this study indicated that the total NEK in the soils could be differentiated from soil structural K and quantified with the modified NaBPh4 method. The high MNEK in soils made NEK much more important in the role of the plant-available K pool. How to fractionate NEK into different fractions and establish the methods to quantify each NEK fraction according to their bioavailability is of great importance for future research. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):913-921
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the minimal exchangeable potassium (minimal K) status of fifteen smectite dominant soils and its relationship with K uptake and plant mobilization rate of soil reserve K. Exchangeable K reached minimal level decreasing about 35% from initial K status after 350 days of continuous cropping. Soils with high clay content and initial K status showed higher minimal exchangeable K. Cumulative K uptake by six successive crops varied from 160 mg kg‐1 to 823 mg kg‐1 and plant mobilization of soil reserve K varied from 0.151 mg kg‐1 day‐1 to 1.880 mg kg‐1 day‐1 among soils. Minimal K explained well the variation in total K uptake (r=0.85) and plant mobilization rate (r=0.83) as compared to initial exchangeable K status of soils (r=0.67 and 0.59, respectively) suggesting that the former is a better index of K supplying capacity of soils than the later. 相似文献