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玉米||大豆间作对AMF时空变化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究农田生态系统中不同种植模式下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)生长发育及产生孢子和球囊霉素状况,本试验设置两种结构的间作模式(6M6S:6行玉米与6行大豆间作; 3M3S:3行玉米与3行大豆间作)以及单作玉米(CKM)和单作大豆(CKS)4个处理,分析不同种植模式对AMF生长时空变化的影响。结果表明:菌根侵染率、侵染密度和菌丝密度随着AMF与作物共生期延长逐渐增加,丛枝丰度呈现先增加后减少的趋势。两年试验中,玉米乳熟期(大豆鼓粒期), 3M3S处理的菌根侵染率、侵染密度和丛枝丰度,土壤孢子密度、易提取球囊霉素含量和总球囊霉素含量均显著高于单作。在作物生育期内, AMF的孢子密度从269.40个·(100g)~(-1)增加至1 484.20个·(100g)~(-1),易提取球囊霉素含量从430.88μg·g~(-1)增加至600.78μg·g~(-1),总球囊霉素含量从942.59μg·g~(-1)增加至1 304.03μg·g~(-1)。玉米乳熟期,间作边行玉米的菌丝密度、孢子密度、易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素含量最高;大豆鼓粒期,间作边行大豆的菌丝密度和易提取球囊霉素含量最高,孢子密度最低。相关性分析表明,总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素与菌丝密度呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.71和0.73;孢子密度和菌丝密度与侵染率呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.72和0.75。因此,农田生境中AMF能与根系建立良好的共生关系,并随着季节变化和作物生长呈现周期性变化。间作促进了AMF的侵染,增加了球囊霉素和孢子的产量,间作处理中AMF与各行作物共生表现出边际效应。3M3S处理是最有利于AMF生长的种植模式。 相似文献
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红壤中丛枝菌根真菌对污泥态铜生物有效性的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以玉米为宿主植物 ,研究了不同污泥量 (0、1 %、4% )施入红壤后接种丛枝菌根真菌Acaulosporalaevis、Glomuscaledonium和Glomusmanihotis对菌根侵染率、孢子密度、玉米生长和铜生物有效性的影响。结果表明 ,施用 1 %的污泥可增加接种A laevis的菌根侵染率和孢子密度 ,其玉米地上部和地下部生物量也有显著增加 ,而不接种 (含土著菌根真菌 )、接种G caledonium和G manihotis的菌根侵染率、孢子密度、玉米地上部和地下部生物量却有显著下降 (p<0 0 5 )。施用 1 %的污泥时接种A laevis降低了玉米地上部铜浓度 ,而接种G caledonium和G manihotis却增加了玉米地上部铜浓度 ,另外 ,接种处理增加玉米根部对铜的吸收总量。不同的菌根真菌对重金属的耐受力是不同的 ,只有施入一定的污泥量即在一定污染程度下才能发挥菌根真菌A laevis对污染土壤的修复作用 相似文献
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缺硼条件下两种不同砧木“纽荷尔”脐橙矿质元素含量变化的比较 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用溶液培养试验,研究了缺硼对两种不同砧木纽荷尔脐橙硼、锌、钙、镁和钾元素含量变化。结果表明,缺硼显著降低了枳壳砧木纽荷尔脐橙体内硼含量而对锌含量影响不大; 相反,缺硼对枳橙砧木脐橙体内硼含量的影响不是很大,而显著降低了其叶片中锌的含量。这可能是缺硼条件下枳壳砧木脐橙容易出现缺硼症状,而枳橙砧木脐橙容易出现缺锌症状的原因之一。与对照相比,缺硼处理的枳壳砧木脐橙叶的钙含量明显增加; 而根的钾含量明显高于枳橙砧木橙根。这些结果与枳壳砧木脐橙对硼更敏感有一定的关系。缺硼对镁含量的影响两种砧木间基本没有差异。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对土壤中阿特拉津降解的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
于盆栽高粱(Sorghum,龙杂一号)条件下研究了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,GI)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM)降解土壤中阿特拉津的效用。结果表明,阿特拉津(浓度为50 mg/kg)污染土壤中,供试AM真菌都能够侵染高粱根系形成菌根,而且GM比GI侵染效果好,最高侵染率可达到90.5%,显著提高了植株的生物量。接种AM真菌后土壤中阿特拉津的残留浓度显著低于不接种对照处理,并且接种GM比GI对阿特拉津的降解效果显著。接种GM处理的土壤中阿特拉津最高降解率达到了91.6%,其中菌根效应占22.6%。接种AM真菌的宿主植物根际土壤中微生物数量多于不接种处理,且GM优于GI处理,说明AM真菌能促进根际微生物的繁殖。此外,接种AM真菌后能显著增加土壤中脲酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著。认为GM是一株比较理想的修复阿特拉津污染土壤的AM真菌。 相似文献
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接种AM真菌对采煤沉陷区文冠果生长及土壤特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
煤炭井工开采往往造成地表塌陷,导致了土壤养分贫瘠和水分缺乏,土壤沙化和水土流失,从而限制了当地矿区植被生长,而丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AM真菌)对植被生长有促进作用。以文冠果为宿主植物,采用野外原位监测和室内分析方法,研究了未接种和接种丛枝菌根真菌对采煤沉陷区复垦植物文冠果生长和土壤特性的影响。结果表明:与未接种AM真菌处理相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了文冠果根系菌根侵染率和土壤根外菌丝密度,7月接种AM真菌文冠果的株高、冠幅和地径提高了31.89%,23.07%,9.89%。同时,9月接种AM真菌处理的根际土壤全氮、碱解氮和有机碳含量分别比对照组增加0.29g/kg、13.0mg/kg和1.4g/kg,接种AM真菌显著提高了根际土壤的含水率、总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素,而速效磷和速效钾的含量显著降低。相关分析结果表明,菌根侵染率、土壤根外菌丝密度与根际土壤理化性质之间存在协同反馈效应。因此,接种AM真菌促进了采煤沉陷区复垦植被文冠果的生长和土壤的改良,这对矿区水土保持、维持生态系统稳定性和持续性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Anna Assimakopoulou Constantin D. Holevas Konstantinos Fasseas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1014-1033
The susceptibility of eleven Prunus rootstocks to iron (Fe) deficiency was studied in hydroponics by growing them with 20 μM Fe, 0 μM Fe or 3 μM Fe+10 mM sodium bicarbonate. Based on the intensity of leaf chlorosis, the peach-almonds PR 204/84, Stylianidis K and KID2, produced at the Pomology Institute of Naoussa (Greece), showed the same or even greater tolerance than GF 677, the Greek peach-almond Retsou x Nemaguard, the plum-almond Myrandier 617 and the peaches GF 305, IDS 37, Greek wild peach seedling the greatest susceptibility whereas the plums St. Julien GF655/2 and Myrobalan 29C intermediate. Rootstocks without Fe presented significantly lower nitrogen and Fe whereas with bicarbonate significantly lower nitrogen, phosphorus, Fe and zinc. Root ferric chelate reductase activity was significantly increased in ?Fe rootstocks but negatively correlated with their tolerance; physiological and morphological changes were observed along a zone of a few centimeters length, 1–2 mm behind the root tip. 相似文献
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Pistachio is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. The majority of the pistachio producing regions is located in arid and semi-arid areas with saline conditions. Therefore, selection of suitable rootstocks is important for increasing yield efficiency of this important nut crop. In this study, the effect of four water salinity levels (0.75, 5, 10 and 15 ds m?1) on growth indices and physiological parameters of four Pistacia vera L. rootstocks (Badami-e-Zarand A, Badami-e-Zarand B, Qazvini, and Sarakhs) were investigated under greenhouse conditions. After treatment for three months, leaf dry weight was reduced by about 30-50% at an irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw) of 10 ds m?1. Badami-e-Zarand B was the most vigorous rootstock at the highest EC. Decreases in root and stem dry weight (average of all rootstocks combined) occurred at water salinity of 10 ds m?1. Chemical analysis of shoot and root indicated that the salinity affected the concentration and distribution of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) in pistachio rootstocks. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ increased with a rise in water salinity levels. Comparison between Na+ concentration of shoot and root showed that all examined rootstocks limited the Na+ transportation to shoot tissue up-to 15 ds m-1, and retained it in the roots. However, this ability was less in the Sarakhs rootstock. Based on measured parameters, Badami-e-Zarand B and Sarakhs could be considered as tolerant and sensitive pistachio rootstocks to water salinity, respectively. 相似文献
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Rumy Goto Alfredo de Miguel Jose Ignacio Marsal Elisa Gorbe Angeles Calatayud 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):825-835
Two tomato scions (cvs. ‘Raf’ and ‘Gorety’) were grafted on three different rootstocks: S. torvum, ‘Beaufort’ (Lycopersicum esculentum × Lycopersicum hirsutum) and intermediate grafting of eggplant ‘Cristal’ between tomato and S. torvum (double graft). Plants were grown in Mediterranean greenhouse conditions. The response to grafting was measured through growth parameters, Fv/Fm and leaf macronutrients analysis, and it was compared with non-grafted plants. The scions grafted on S. torvum in simple and double graft showed lower fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of commercial fruits, plant height, Fv/Fm and decreased their capacity to absorb several nutrients resulting in a lower mineral concentration in scions leaves, as a result of a thickened graft union. On the other hand, both scions showed a good response when grafted on the rootstock ‘Beaufort’, with which growth parameters, yield and photosynthetic capacity were similar to non-grafted plants. 相似文献
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M. Angeles Forner-Giner Francisco Legaz Eduardo Primo-Millo Juan Forner 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1437-1452
This study assesses the nutritional behavior of the new citrus rootstocks Forner-Alcaide no.5 (FA-5) and Forner-Alcaide no.13 (FA-13) under saline conditions compared to that of their parents, Cleopatra mandarin (CM) and Poncirus trifoliata (PT). Eighteen month-old plants grafted with Valencia orange scions were used in the experiment. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated over an eight-week period with nutrient solutions to which different amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl) had been added, namely 0, 20, 40 and 60 mM. Relative growth and the uptake of major mineral elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] were then determined. It was noted that the reduction in relative growth caused by salt treatment was greater in plants grafted on PT than those on FA-13, FA-5 and CM. Increasing the salt level in the growth medium reduced the absorption of the above mineral elements in all scion-rootstock combinations. However, this decrease was generally more marked in plants grafted on PT than in those on CM and FA-5. Plants on FA-13 showed an intermediate behavior. Positive correlations were found between growth and mineral element uptake by salt treated plants. Nutrient uptake was also plotted against chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) concentrations in leaves and roots at increasing salt levels. This showed that N absorption was closely correlated (inversely) with Cl content in leaves, whereas K, Ca and Mg uptakes were correlated (inversely) with Na concentration in roots. This suggests that the accumulation of saline ions impacts growth and nutrient uptake by citrus plants. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对西藏高原草地植物和土壤环境的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用三室隔网装置,就Glomus etunicatum、Glomus intraradices、Glomus mossecte对2种高山草地植物和土壤环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明:(1)接种AM真菌对草地植物的侵染和生长均具显著效应,植株地上部、根系干物重以及含磷量、吸磷量均显著高于不接种处理,菌根菌丝对植株吸磷的贡献率达47.8%-69.5%。其中,Glomus intraradices、Glomus mosseae分别对穗序剪股颖、紫羊毛吸收土壤磷索更具促进作用。(2)各接种处理中室土壤中各类微生物数量均显著高于边室土壤,但边室土壤中放线菌,特别是细菌、真菌的平均增幅均远高于中室土壤,表明菌根际、菌丝际土壤中各类微生物的数量差异趋于明显缩小,微生物区系构成得以平衡与改善;解磷细菌(芽孢杆菌)亦呈同一趋势。(3)2—1 mm粒径团聚体在土壤水稳性团聚体构成中占有绝对比重,菌根菌丝对距根表不同距离处2—1 mm团聚体形成的贡献率均在70%以上,但距根表2—4cm处菌根菌丝贡献率明显低于0-2、4-6cm处,并未表现出随菌丝密度增加而提高的趋势;5—2mm水稳性团聚体仅距根表较远处有少量形成(菌丝贡献率达100%),0-2、2—4cm处则未见分布。(4)同一、不同AM真菌对不同或同一草地植物的侵染及所产生的菌根效应具有不同程度的差异,穗序剪股颖各接种处理普遍优于紫羊毛,紫羊毛+Glomus mosseae、穗序剪股颖+Glomus intraradices优于同组其他接种处理的趋势较为明显。 相似文献
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Angel A. Carbonell‐Barrachina Francisco Burló Jorge Mataix 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1287-1299
The effects of different levels of arsenic (As) and salinity on bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Buenos Aires) nutrition were investigated. We studied the processes of absorption and accumulation of chloride (Cl) and micronutrient elements: boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn). The experiment was performed in soilless culture at two levels of As: 2 and 5 mg As L‐1 [added as sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)], and three saline levels [only sodium chloride (NaCl) was added]: 1, 2, and 4 dSm‐1. Sodium arsenite and NaCl significantly affected micronutrients allocation within the bean plant at levels used in this study. Arsenite depressed Mn and Cl concentrations in the root, whereas root B, Cu, and Zn levels were increased. Boron, Cu, Fe, and Cl concentrations were significantly higher in As‐stressed plants compared with controls. The addition of NaCl increased the Cl and Mn concentrations in roots and Cl, Fe, and Mn in leaves. 相似文献
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盐胁迫下AM菌侵染的棉花幼苗根系蛋白质组分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了盐胁迫对棉花幼苗生长的抑制作用和AM真菌侵染根系对盐胁迫的缓解作用。分别以水(对照),0.5% NaCl(盐胁迫组)和AM组(盐胁迫组中加入AM接种剂,浓度为12g/L)培养棉花幼苗30d,取根部进行外观比较,并提取各组根系中的蛋白质,利用双向电泳技术分析棉花幼苗根系蛋白质组的变化。结果表明,盐胁迫组的幼苗根系主根稍细,侧根很少,而对照和AM组主根饱满且侧根丰富,说明AM真菌能抑制盐对幼苗根部的胁迫作用。通过扫描分析3组胶图,发现有4个蛋白质斑点表现出显著的变化,盐胁迫组中均表现为表达量下降,在AM真菌与盐共处理时,这4个蛋白质点的表达均有不同程度的恢复;经鉴定分析,其中2个蛋白质斑点(S1,S2)分别被鉴定为葡萄糖磷酸变位酶与异黄酮还原酶类;同时在AM组还出现3种对照中没有的蛋白质(S5、S6、S7),可能与AM提高作物耐盐性途径相关。 相似文献
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Jagdev Sharma Ajay Kumar Upadhyay Dnyanesh Bande Sarika D. Patil 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1711-1722
Saline irrigation water having high sodium (Na+) content leads to the development of black leaf disorder in the vines resulting in reduced productivity and death of permanent vine parts. The response of the vines raised on different rootstocks differs under such conditions. Investigation was carried out to study the susceptibility of grafted and own-rooted Thompson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) vines to black leaf disorder. Grapevines grafted on four different rootstocks viz. Dog Ridge (Vitis champini), Salt Creek (Vitis champini), B2-56 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) and 1613C [Vitis longii x (Vitis labrusca x Vitis riparia) x Vitis vinifera] were studied. The variations in nutrient content of various vine parts under saline irrigation in relation to leaf blackening and necrosis symptoms were also studied. Thompson Seedless vines grafted on Dog Ridge, Salt Creek and own rooted vines started developing leaf blackening and necrosis symptoms during the ripening stage. Vines exhibiting these symptoms contained significantly lower potassium (K+) and higher Na+ content in the leaf blades as compared to healthy vines. Vines grafted on Salt Creek showed most severe leaf blackening and necrosis symptoms and had the lowest K+ content in blades and petioles. Amongst the rootstocks, vines raised on B2-56 had the lowest Na+ concentration in leaf blades whereas those on Dog Ridge and Salt Creek accumulated Na+ in leaf blades to a toxic level. Significantly higher K+ content was found in vines raised on B2-56 and 1613C rootstocks in all the vine parts compared to other stock-scion combinations. Vines grafted on B2-56 and 1613C could maintain higher K+: Na+ ratio and tolerated saline irrigation better than other stock-scion combinations. All the rootstocks reduced chloride concentration significantly in the vine parts (petioles, blade and canes) compared to own rooted vines. Vines raised on their own roots and on B2-56 rootstock had significantly higher phosphorus (P) concentration in petiole, blade and canes compared to vines grafted on Dog Ridge and Salt Creek. Total biomass (petiole + blade + cane on dry weight basis) and yield was the highest in B2-56 rootstock and least in 1613C. 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度NaCl(03%、06%和10%)胁迫下,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae-2 对番茄内源激素的影响。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫下,植株生长受抑,生长促进物质IAA、GA3和Zeatin含量下降,生长抑制物质ABA含量增加,接种Glomus mosseae-2增加了植株干物质量和这些激素的含量;(2)菌根形成过程中,Glomus mosseae-2参与调节内源激素平衡, 降低了叶片ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ABA/Zeatin及ABA/ (IAA+GA3+Zeatin)的比值; (3)气孔导度(gs))和ABA/Zeatin值呈极显著负相关,同一盐浓度胁迫下,接菌株有较高gs和较低的ABA/Zeatin值。 ABA和Zeatin共同调节气孔对盐胁迫的响应,维持接菌株较高的气孔导度,增强了番茄的耐盐性。 相似文献