林木生长的灰色预测

在应用灰色模型GM(1,1)进行森林资源预测时,要具体问题区别对待。本文对灰色系统模型GM(1,1)与指数函数Ae~(bx)的一致性进行了探讨;针对森林系统的非平稳过程的预测,提出了灰色校正模型,来扩大GM(1,1)的使用范围。     

单宁/增韧紫胶树脂复合涂膜的制备及其防蚀性能

为改善紫胶(SHL)树脂韧性,采用桐油酸(EA)以Diels-Alder反应与SHL树脂进行加成,制备得到增韧紫胶(TS)树脂,通过凝胶色谱(GPC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)对其结构进行解析;向SHL和TS树脂中引入单宁酸(TA),制得SHL-TA和TS-TA复合涂膜,并利用电化学工作站...     

海岸带木麻黄防护林经营模式的配置研究与筛选

对福建东山赤山林场木麻黄防护林现存的主要配置模式进行了筛选。选取对海岸带防护林体系建设有重要影响的生态防护价值、经济价值、社会价值3大类8个指标,建立评价指标体系,运用应用层次分析法进行定性分析、定量评价。结果表明:在策略层各评价因子中,生态防护功能依然占首位,社会经济价值指标也占了较高的比例。在综合效益上,各配置模式排序为:木麻黄与相思类混交(D1)>林果复合经营(D6)>木麻黄与多树种混交(D4)>木麻黄与桉树类混交(D2)>木麻黄与其他树种混交(D5)>木麻黄与灌木(D7)混交>麻黄与松树类混交(D3)。并根据海岸带立地条件的差异对各模式的梯次配置进行分析。研究结果对海岸带防护林的可持续经营与管理有一定的指导价值。     

应用灰色系统理论预测城峰镇"十五"期间有林地面积与森林蓄积量变化的研究

以永泰县城峰镇1986～1999年历年有林地面积、森林蓄积量数据为基础,应用灰色系统理论与方法,建立灰色预测GM(1,1)模型,以城峰镇“十五”期间的有林地面积与森林蓄积量进行预测。经检验,有林地面积GM(1,1)模型(1986～1999年)预测值的平均误差2.23％,森林蓄积量GM(1,1)模型(1986～1999年)预测值的平均误差1.16％,预测精度较高,可以对“十五”期间城峰镇有林地面积与森林蓄积量进行预测。     

青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流变化规律及其与气象因子的关系

运用Granier热扩散式探针(TDP)法对青海大通黄土高寒区主要针叶树种青海云杉Picea crassifolia和华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii夏季边材液流变化规律进行连续观测,利用自动气象站对周围气象因子太阳辐射(R_s)、空气温度(T_a)、空气相对湿度(R_H)和风速(W_s)进行同步观测,并对气象因子与青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流通量(F_s)的相关性进行分析.结果表明:(1)边材面积(A_s)与胸径(D_(BH))存在较高的相关性,两者可以用幂函数很好地拟合.(2)青海云杉、华北落叶松边材液流速率(V_s)变化规律主体表现一致,晴天变化幅度最大,阴雨天变化幅度最小.(3)华北落叶松边材液流通量(F_s)仅为0.75 kg·h~(-1),而青海云杉高达1.84kg·h~(-1),为华北落叶松的2.4倍;青海云杉日耗水量(W)在9.56～37.14 kg·d~(-1)之间,而华北落叶松日耗水量W在5.61～14.25kg·d~(-1)之间.(4)青海云杉、华北落叶松F_s与气象因子关系密切.但气象因子的作用过程表现复杂.复相关分析表明:青海云杉、华北落叶松F_s与R_s、T_a、W_s之间呈极显著正相关,与相对湿度R_H呈极显著负相关.按相关程度排序为:R_s＞T_a＞R_H＞W_s.     

烟雾机温度测试系统的建立及测试结果的分析

对我国现有三种机型的燃烧室喷管和冷却管外壁温度进行了试验测试与分析,并对新研制的燃烧室喷管(B_1)以及3y-14型机喷管(B_2)分别配置三种不同化油器进行对比试验、测试及分析。结果表明:新制喷管(B_1)与金马化油器(A_1)具有良好的匹配特性,整机综合性能优于现有各机型,为部课题燃烧室与化油器结构主参数的设计提供了重要依据。     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇的分离纯化及其亲水衍生物的合成

首先对银杏叶聚戊烯醇含量测定的方法及方法学进行了考察,结果表明:采用高效液相色谱,以C18为色谱柱,以异丙醇/甲醇(体积比32∶18)为流动相,在210 nm下测定聚戊烯醇具有较高的精密度(RSD为0.89%)、较好的稳定性(RSD为3.26%),平均加标回收率为97.4%(RSD为1.75%)。然后通过正己烷提取、皂化、乙醇和丙酮脱蜡,以及硅胶柱层析(V(乙醚)∶V(正己烷)=3∶97)获得纯度为98.6%的聚戊烯醇。在此基础上,对高纯度聚戊烯醇末端羟基进行亲水改性,先与邻苯二甲酰亚胺进行光延反应(mitsunobu反应),再与水合肼进行还原反应,合成了氨基聚戊烯醇,并通过红外和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,确认了氨基聚戊烯醇的成功合成。     

用北海道的三种桦树的分离部分对测定光合作用的方法进行检验

一、引言在树木的生态生理研究中,用树木离体部分研究光合作用率的例子很多,这种方法是可行的,因为它能粗略地算出树木大体上的光合能力。关于受伤树枝或叶柄影响光合能力的报导只有几篇,例如:G_(LARK)(1954),N_(EGISI)与S_(ATOO)(1955)报导了用乔木材料进行研究的结果;B_(ARUA)(1960)和I_(TO)(1965)报导了用灌木材料进行研究结果;另外R_(ICHARDSON)(1957)、S_(AKAGAMI)与D_(OI)(1963)和N_(AKAMURA)(1970)在乔木材料方面也有部分报导。     

莰烯和长叶烯的间接ω-酰化

(E)-ω-氯汞化莰烯与乙酰氯在三氯化铝的催化下生成(E)-ω-乙酰基莰烯。同法合成了(E)-ω-苯甲酰基莰烯和(E)-ω-乙酰基长叶烯。ω,ω-二(氯汞)莰烯与乙酰氯反应得到(E)和(Z)-ω-乙酰基莰烯的混合物,用柱层析进行分离并用核磁共振谱确定了两个异构体的构型。     

5个楸树无性系抗旱性的综合评价

利用盆栽方法进行干旱胁迫,对于5个楸树无性系的抗旱性进行综合评价。通过测定叶片解剖结构(叶片厚、角质层厚、上表皮、下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织及气孔特征)、生理和生物量(根冠比、耗水速率、叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片可溶性糖含量及叶水势)等15个与抗旱性相关的指标,通过主成分分析及隶属函数比较进行分析,结果表明:与楸树无性系抗旱性相关的15个指标归纳为3个主成分,在3个主成分中筛选出叶片厚、栅栏组织、气孔密度和叶片脯氨酸含量等4个指标与楸树抗旱性相关。根据隶属函数平均值大小对5个楸树无性系抗旱性进行排序,结果显示楸树无性系抗旱性从强到弱排序为:7080(0.678 4)>1-3(0.524 2)>004-1(0.221 6)>015-1(0.207 0)>1-4(0.103 2)。     

An evaluation of agriculture, forestry and agroforestry practices in a moderately alkali soil in northwestern India

Productivity, sustainability and economics of agriculture, forestry and agroforestry land use practices were compared over a six year period in a split plot experiment on a moderately alkali soil of the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. Three commercial trees of the area formed the main plot treatments and four crop sequences were the sub-plots. The trees were: poplar (Populus deltoides), Acacia (Acacia nilotica) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis), and the crop sequences were (1) rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) for four years followed by guinea grass (Panicum maximum)-oats (Avena sativa) for two years; (2) rice-Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) for four years followed by cowpea (Vigna unquiculata)-Berseem for two years; (3) pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)/sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)-mustard (Brassica juncea) for three years followed by turmeric (Curcuma longa) for three years and (4) no intercrops (only trees). Eucalyptus and poplar gained maximum height, girth and woody biomass in six years when they were intercropped with rice crops in sequences 1 and 2. Acacia attained maximum growth in the absence of intercrops. Protein content in guinea grass was more under tree canopies than in the open. Soil amelioration during five years followed the order: Acacia based system > poplar > Eucalyptus > sole crops. The benefit-cost ratio was heighest (2.88) in poplar based system and minimum (1.86) in Acacia based system. The study indicated that growing trees and agricultural crops together is a better land use option in terms of productivity, maintenance of soil conditions and economics. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Organic and inorganic sulfur transport in the xylem sap and the sulfur budget of Picea abies trees

Temporal changes in inorganic and organic sulfur compounds (sulfate, glutathione, cysteine, methionine) were analyzed in xylem sap of 40-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees growing on acidic soils at a healthy and a declining stand in the Fichtelgebirge (North Bavaria, Germany). Studies were carried out (1) to quantify glutathione (GSH) transport in the xylem of spruce, (2) to study the significance of reduced sulfur versus sulfate (SO(4) (2-)) transport in the xylem, and (3) to compare total sulfur (S) transport in the xylem with the amount of foliar uptake of SO(2) in an air-polluted environment. Glutathione was the main reduced S compound in the xylem ranging in concentration from 0.5 to 5 &mgr;mol l(-1). Concentrations of inorganic SO(4) (2-) in the xylem sap were up to 50 times higher than those of GSH ranging from 60 to 230 &mgr;mol l(-1). During the growing season, concentrations of all S compounds in the xylem were highest in May (up to 246 &mgr;mol l(-1)) and decreased during summer and fall (up to 21 &mgr;mol l(-1)). On average, SO(4) (2-) concentrations in xylem sap were 30% higher at the declining site compared with the healthy site. Diurnal changes in organic S compounds were significant for GSH and cysteine with high concentrations during the night and low concentrations during the day. Diurnal changes in inorganic concentrations were not significant. Xylem sap concentrations of SO(4) (2-) and cysteine were twice as high and GSH concentrations were tenfold higher in surface roots than in branches. At both sites, transport of organic S was low (up to 3% of total S) compared to transport of SO(4) (2-). Annual transport of total S in the xylem (SO(4) (2-) was the main component) ranged from 60 to 197 mmol tree(-1) year(-1) at the healthy site and from 123 to 239 mmol tree(-1) year(-1) at the declining site. Although gaseous uptake of SO(2) was estimated to be similar at both sites (38 mmol tree(-1) year(-1); Horn et al. 1989), the ratio between annual gaseous uptake of SO(2) and transport of S in the xylem was 1:4 and 1:5 at the healthy and declining sites, respectively.     

外源苯甲酸对平邑甜茶幼苗根系膜脂过氧化的影响

大多数果树都存在连作障碍(重茬、再植病、忌地现象)现象,其中苹果(Malus)、李(Prunus salicina)、桃(Prunus)等连作障碍更为严重.杨兴洪等(1991)调查苹果重茬地成活率只有40%～60%,美国华盛顿州10年间苹果产区因重茬每公顷损失4万美元,山东省烟台大量苹果园已经表现并将面临更大面积的苹果连作问题.     

An analysis of light effects on foliar morphology,physiology, and light interception in temperate deciduous woody species of contrasting shade tolerance

Maximum Rubisco activities (V(cmax)), rates of photosynthetic electron transport (J(max)), and leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations were studied along a light gradient in the canopies of four temperate deciduous species differing in shade tolerance according to the ranking: Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. = Corylus avellana L. Long-term light environment at the canopy sampling locations was characterized by the fractional penetration of irradiance in the photosynthetically active spectral region (I(sum)). We used a process-based model to distinguish among photosynthesis limitations resulting from variability in fractional nitrogen investments in Rubisco (P(R)), bioenergetics (P(B), N in rate-limiting proteins of photosynthetic electron transport) and light harvesting machinery (P(L), N in chlorophyll and thylakoid chlorophyll-protein complexes). On an area basis, V(cmax) and J(max) (V(a) (cmax) and J(a) (max)) increased with increasing growth irradiance in all species, and the span of variation within species ranged from two (T. cordata) to ten times (C. avellana). Examination of mass-based V(cmax) and J(max) (V(m) (cmax) and J(m) (max)) demonstrated that the positive relationships between area-based quantities and relative irradiance mostly resulted from the scaling of leaf dry mass per area (M(A)) with irradiance. Although V(m) (cmax) and J(m) (max) were positively related to growth irradiance in C. avellana, and J(m) (max) was positively related to irradiance in P. tremula, the variation range was only a factor of two. Moreover, V(m) (cmax) and J(m) (max) were negatively correlated with relative irradiance in T. cordata. Rubisco activity in crude leaf extracts generally paralleled the gas-exchange data, but it was independent of light in T. cordata, suggesting that declining V(m) (cmax) with increasing relative irradiance was related to increasing diffusive resistances from the intercellular air spaces to the sites of carboxylation in this species. Because irradiance had little effect on foliar nitrogen concentration, the relationships of P(B) and P(R) with irradiance were similar to those of V(m) (cmax) and J(m) (max). Shade-intolerant species tended to have greater P(B) and P(R) and also larger V(a) (cmax) and J(a) (max) than more shade-tolerant species. However, for the whole material, P(B) and P(R) varied only about 50%, whereas V(a) (cmax) and J(a) (max) varied more than 15-fold, further emphasizing the importance of leaf anatomical plasticity in determining photosynthetic acclimation to high irradiance. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations and fractional nitrogen investments in light harvesting increased hyperbolically with decreasing irradiance to improve quantum use efficiency for incident irradiance. The effect of irradiance on P(L) was of the same order as its effect in the opposite direction on M(A), leading to either a constant model estimate of leaf absorptance with I(sum) or a slightly positive correlation. We conclude that leaf morphological plasticity is a more relevant determinant of foliage adaptation to high irradiance than foliage biochemical properties, whereas biochemical adaptation to low irradiance is of the same magnitude as the anatomical adjustments. Although shade-tolerant species did not have greater chlorophyll concentrations and P(L) than shade-intolerant species, they possessed lower M(A), and could maintain a more extensive foliar display for light capture with constant biomass investment in leaves.     

Analysis of the relationships among O(3) uptake, conductance, and photosynthesis in needles of Pinus ponderosa

We studied the effects of O(3) uptake on conductance (g(wv)) and photosynthesis (A) in needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings exposed for 70 days to one of three O(3) regimes-Low-O(3) (0.1 micro mol mol(-1) daily peak), High-O(3) (0.2 micro mol mol(-1) daily peak), and Low/High-O(3) (alternating 2 days Low-O(3) and 2 days High-O(3)). Seedlings exposed to charcoal-filtered air served as controls. Total O(3) exposures, expressed as ppm-h (the sum of the average hourly concentration in ppm ( micro mol mol(-1)) over the exposure period), were 77, 135, 105 and 4 for the Low-O(3), High-O(3), Low/High-O(3) and control treatments, respectively. Conductance (g(wv)) declined to about 60% of the value in control seedlings by Day 6 in seedlings in the High-O(3) treatment and by Day 37 in seedlings in the Low/High-O(3) treatment, but g(wv) did not decline at all in seedlings in the Low-O(3) treatment. At the end of the 70-day experiment, cumulative O(3) uptake, calculated from measured g(wv) values and assuming an internal O(3) concentration of zero, was 12.2, 13.5, and 14.7 mmol m(-2) for seedlings in the Low-O(3), Low/High-O(3), and High-O(3) treatments, respectively; however, O(3) uptake was reduced by 0, 24, and 36%, respectively, from that expected if there had been no decline in g(wv). With increasing total O(3) exposure, A declined, but the reduction was not strictly cumulative, i.e., A measured on Days 49 and 70 was similar for a given treatment even though both total O(3) exposure and uptake had increased. At the end of the experiment, A at near saturating CO(2) (1000 micro mol mol(-1)) and saturating photosynthetic photon flux density was reduced by about 25, 40 and 50% in seedlings in the Low-O(3), Low/High-O(3) and High-O(3) treatments, respectively, compared to the control seedlings. The ratio of internal to external CO(2) concentrations, an indicator of relative change in stomatal limitation of A, did not change over time and did not differ among treatments, suggesting that A and g(wv) decreased in parallel. After 40-60 days without O(3), A of seedlings in all O(3) treatments was not significantly different. Our data indicate that O(3)-induced stomatal closure was a result of reduced A and that decreased g(wv) reduced O(3) uptake to a rate that needles of ponderosa pine could tolerate without exhibiting further reductions in gas exchange capacity.     

浙江省食用菌重金属背景值及质量安全评价

在浙江食用菌生产基地、超市和农贸市场实地抽样检测,对数据进行统计分析,提出浙江省食用菌重金属背景值.研究结果显示:浙江省鲜食用菌重金属元素背景值为铅0.078 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.036 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.009 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.029 mg·kg~(-1),干食用菌重金属背景值为铅0.452 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.254 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.044 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.150 mg·kg~(-1),鲜香菇重金属背景值为铅0.074 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.122 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.009 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.030 mg·kg~(-1),鲜平菇重金属背景值为铅0.068 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.026 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.008 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.029 mg·kg~(-1),鲜蘑菇重金属背景值为铅0.149 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.019 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.038 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.094 mg·kg~(-1),鲜金针菇重金属背景值为铅0.083 mg·kg~(-1)、镉0.013 mg·kg~(-1)、汞0.008 mg·kg~(-1)、砷0.020 mg·kg~(-1).经与相关标准进行比较,浙江省食用菌重金属含量处于相对较低的水平.鲜食用菌中平菇与金针菇的4种重金属元素背景值非常相近,并且都处于很低的水平.与鲜食用菌相比,干食用菌重金属含量是鲜食用菌的4.9～7.1倍.蘑菇的铅、汞、砷含量明显高于其他食用菌,与鲜食用菌平均值比较,铅高出91.0%、汞高出322.2%,砷高出224.1%;香菇中镉含量明显高于其他品种食用菌,高出鲜食用菌平均值238.9%.蘑菇的铅、汞、砷和香菇的镉含量在生产栽培中要得到特别关注,应作为质量安全控制的重点.     

Physiological and morphological responses of olive plants to ozone exposure during a growing season

We studied physiological (gas exchange and stomatal aperture) and morphological (individual leaf area and stomatal density) responses in leaves of five-year-old olive plants (Olea europaea L. cvs. Frantoio and Moraiolo) exposed to filtered air containing < 3 ppb O(3) or 100 ppb O(3) for 5 h day(-1) for 120 days in fumigation chambers. After 100 days of treatment, leaf drop and development of necrotic spots were observed in O(3)-fumigated plants of Moraiolo but not of Frantoio. Significant reductions in photosynthetic activity (57%) and stomatal conductance (69%) were detected in O(3)-fumigated plants of Frantoio compared with control plants. In O(3)-fumigated plants of Moraiolo, the decrease in photosynthetic activity (17%) was not statistically significant, but a significant reduction in stomatal conductance (40%) was observed. In both cultivars, leaves that developed after exposure to O(3) showed decreased stomatal aperture (63.6 and 54.8% with respect to the Frantoio and Moraiolo controls, respectively) and one-sided leaf area, and increased stomatal density compared with control leaves. Actual transpiring stomatal surface decreased substantially in both Frantoio (59.8%) and Moraiolo (56.3%) in response to O(3) treatment. Relative transpiring stomatal surface (RTSS) in Frantoio decreased from 0.54 (control) to 0.27% (O(3) treated) of total leaf surface. The corresponding values for Moraiolo were 0.79 and 0.42%. However, because the RTSS of Moraiolo leaves in the O(3) treatment was 0.42 versus 0.27% in Frantoio, the potential uptake of O(3) was higher for Moraiolo plants than for Frantoio plants. The large O(3)-induced reduction in transpiring stomatal surface in both cultivars could have significant effects on olive productivity in the Mediterranean area, where high O(3) concentrations persist for long periods during the year.     

广东省林下植物碳含量和热值特征分析

为准确估算广东地区林下植被碳储量和能量,应用湿烧法和氧弹式热量仪法对该地区共计11类林下植物的碳含量和热值进行了测定和分析,结果表明,碳含量大小顺序为杉木(Cunninghamia lance-olata)(下木,505.47 g/kg)>其它灌木(496.36 g/kg)>阔叶类(下木,491.24 g/kg)>岗松(Baeckea frutescens)(491.06 g/kg)>桃金娘(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)(476.62 g/kg)>竹灌(474.19 g/kg)>大芒(Miscanthus floridulus)(473.60 g/kg)>芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)(469.09 g/kg)>小芒(M.sp.)(452.73 g/kg)>其它草类(411.28 g/kg)>蕨类(387.30 g/kg),总体上遵循下木>灌木>草本的规律;热值大小顺序为下木杉木(19.83 MJ/kg)=下木阔叶类(19.83 MJ/kg)>其它灌木(19.50 MJ/kg)>岗松(19.47 MJ/kg)>桃金娘(19.13 MJ/kg)>芒萁(18.54 MJ/kg)>竹灌(18.11 MJ/kg)>大芒(17.86 MJ/kg)>小芒(17.77 MJ/kg)>蕨类(16.65 MJ/kg)>其它草类(16.35 MJ/kg),同样遵循下木>灌木>草本的规律;植物碳含量与热值之间符合曲线相关,其实验数值大致遵循模型y=0.0003x2-0.1921 x+53.3836,其中x为碳含量(g/kg),y为热值(MJ/kg),R2=0.9077,该模型可用于筛选具有应用潜力的能源植物.     

Analyses of delta(13)C and delta(18)O in tree rings of Callitris columellaris provide evidence of a change in stomatal control of photosynthesis in response to regional changes in climate

We examined relationships between stable isotopes of carbon (delta(13)C) and oxygen (delta(18)O) in tree rings of Callitris columellaris F. Muell in the semi-arid Pilbara region of north-western Australia. To test the hypothesis that stomatal control of photosynthesis decreases during drier periods, we developed delta(13)C and delta(18)O chronologies spanning 1919-1999, and used a permutation regression approach to relate a 21-year running correlation between delta(13)C and delta(18)O to rainfall and temperature at Marble Bar and our study site. The relationship between delta(13)C and delta(18)O switched from being always negative before 1955 to being consistently positive after 1976, suggesting an increase in stomatal control of photosynthesis in recent decades. Changes in the delta(13)C-delta(18)O relationship reflected changes in rainfall, which has increased in the region by 30% since 1976. The correlation between delta(13)C and delta(18)O was positively related to the 21-year running mean of normalized rainfall anomalies at both the study site (P = 0.045, Adj. r(2) = 0.47) and Marble Bar (P = 0.046, Adj. r(2) = 0.48). In addition, the delta(13)C-delta(18)O correlation was negatively related (P = 0.047, Adj. r(2) = 0.61) to temperatures at Marble Bar. Our interpretation of the role of changes in climate affecting the relationship between tree-ring delta(13)C and delta(18)O is supported by evidence from the isotope composition of foliage samples: foliar delta(13)C and delta(18)O were negatively correlated with log stomatal conductance (delta(13)C, r = -0.41; delta(18)O, r = -0.42), whereas the correlation between foliar delta(13)C and delta(18)O was positive (r = 0.63, P = 0.027) after the summer wet period. Our data indicate that stomatal control of photosynthesis in Callitris adjusts to region-wide changes in climate and that, in a warmer and drier world, trees might adapt by increasing non-stomatal control of photosynthesis.     

Flavonoids with DNA strand-scission activity from Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana

The flavonoids isolated from the stems of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, taxifolin (1), fisetin (2), fustin (3), 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (4) and 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (5) caused breakage of supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA in the presence of Cu(II). Cu(I) was shown to be an essential intermediate by using the Cu(I)-specific sequestering reagent neocuproine. The Cu(II)-mediated DNA scissions induced by 1, 2, 3 and 5 were inhibited by the addition of catalase and exhibited DNA strand break by the addition of KI and superoxide dimutase (SOD), while in the Cu(II)-mediated DNA scissions induced by 4 was inhibited by the addition of KI, SOD, and catalase. It is concluded that 1, 2, 3, and 5 can induce H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion, while 4 can induce OH() and H(2)O(2) and subsequent oxidative damage of DNA in the presence of Cu(II).