The Dark Age of the universe

The Dark Age is the period between the time when the cosmic microwave background was emitted and the time when the evolution of structure in the universe led to the gravitational collapse of objects, in which the first stars were formed. The period of reionization started with the ionizing light from the first stars, and it ended when all the atoms in the intergalactic medium had been reionized. The most distant sources of light known at present are galaxies and quasars at redshift z congruent with 6, and their spectra indicate that the end of reionization was occurring just at that time. The Cold Dark Matter theory for structure formation predicts that the first sources formed much earlier.     

Photosynthesis

With the establishment of conditions for optimum culturing and measurement, there is now final proof that in photosynthesis at high as well as low light intensities the light energy can be almost completely converted into chemical energy. There is thus drawn to a close an investigation that was initiated many years ago in Berlin in the Imperial Institute of Physics (9). The second result is the establishment of a general physical mechanism of photosynthesis, involving an interplay between light energy and respiratory energy, and therewith the solution of the quantum problem in photosynthesis. The third result is the establishment of the function of chlorophyll as a stoichiometric, chemically reacting component in photosynthesis. There remains the special chemistry of photosynthesis. In this still-unfinished field of investigation, the latest discovery is the labile carbon dioxide of Chlorella, connected with the decomposition and resynthesis of glutamic acid in living Chlorella, and connected with the possible function of the amino acids, aspartic and glutamic, in the binding and reduction of carbonic acid. The dissociating CO(2) is bound by Chlorella only in the presence of O(2) and of cellular glutamic acid. This CO(2) is released if the oxygen pressure is lowered below 2 mm of water or if-in the presence of oxygen-the glutamic acid is split in the living Chlorella, for example, by N/10,000 benzoquinone. This is the CO(2) that is used in light and taken up in the dark (8).     

屏边三七光合作用日变化研究初报*

 在12%左右透光率荫棚下，采用Ci-310PS便携式光合作用系统，测定了屏边三七 （Panax. stipuleanatus）的光合作用日变化。结果显示：屏边三七净光合速率的日变化动态在5月份呈现单峰型曲线；9月份呈近似的双峰型曲线。5月份三七的光合净光合速率在13∶00达到最高值2.73μmol/（m²·s）；9月份净光合速率峰值分别出现在12∶00和14∶00左右，13∶00左右呈现不明显的午休现象。蒸腾速率与气孔导度的日变化趋势相同，二者间的相关系数在5月份和9月份分别为0.445和0.909，均达到了极显著的水平。屏边三七与二年生三七（Panax. notoginseng）的方差分析显示，二者在净光合速率、蒸腾速率方面的差异分别达到了极显著水平和显著水平。     

叶幕结构与光合作用的关系研究

为了研究不同叶幕结构与光合作用之间的相关性,为农业生产和理论研究提供方向.通过对影响叶幕结构的因素:栽植密度与叶幕厚度、叶幕方位角和倾斜度、叶幕高度与行间距离、叶幕开张度、叶面积系数、叶面积密度;果树的光合特性:叶片的需光特性、果树净光合速率(Pn)的季节和日变化规律;影响光合作用的内、外界因子;光能的截留和分配的分析,提出研究中存在的问题,为以后的研究提供方向.     

湖南黑茶品质与主要产品拼配

黑茶是六大茶类之一,具有独特的品质特征,其成品茶的品质形成与拼配关系密切。论述了黑毛茶的品质特征、级别划分、成品黑茶的拼配目的与方法;介绍了湖南主要黑茶产品的拼配要求,以期为黑茶产品开发和拼配技术的发展提供参考。     

诱变处理后幼苗碳素养分合成及其运转

运用１４ Ｃ标记示踪技术,测定诱变处理后幼苗的光合作用、呼吸作用,并考查碳素营养运转情况,结果表明：不同处理对光合作用影响很小,但呼吸作用随复合剂量加大而增加,同时输出物质减少。     

Photosynthesis in copepods

Zooplankton grazers consume appreciable amounts of algae that are not digested. Indigestibility has been considered of adaptive value to the algae and an unqualified disadvantage to the grazer. In Cartesian diver experiments, freshly killed copepods (Acanthocyclops vernalis) produced significant amounts of oxygen when exposed to the light, even after 24 hours of starvation. Also, significant amounts of oxygen were consumed by dead copepods in the dark. These observations suggest that the copepod gut is well suited for photosynthesis by ingested algae.     

玉米生育期间群体光合的变化特征

调查了春玉米、夏玉米生育期间主要生态因子的变化幅度,分析了诸因素对光合蒸腾的影响,利用 Minicuvette-CO_2和 H_2O 测定系统进行了测定条件的测定。并确定了以下两种数学关系:①玉米光合速率与光的关系以及温度和 CO_2对该关系的调节作用;②蒸腾与光合的关系相对湿度对该关系的调节作用。     

柠条叶片光合速率日变化特征的研究

采用Li-6 200光合分析仪,在自然条件下对柠条(Caragana microphyllaLam)光合作用日进程进行了观测。结果表明:在夏季晴天条件下,柠条光合速率(Pn)日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在上午11:00时,约为8.092μmolCO2.m-2.s-1;柠条蒸腾速率(TRAN)的日变化也为一单峰曲线,但柠条蒸腾速率日变化最大值出现在13:00-15:00时,约为9.392μmolH2O.m-2.s-2。采用相关分析和多元逐步回归分析方法,得出光合速率和蒸腾速率与大气CO2浓度、胞间CO2浓度、水气压、水气压亏缺等生理生态因子间的相关关系,并建立了相应的影响因子回归方程,相关系数分别可达1.000、0.999。     

山西省关帝山地区暗棕壤的研究

对山西省关帝山海拔2200～2600m之间的两个森林土壤剖面的形态、微形态特征、理化性状及粘土矿物种类的研究表明:土壤有30cm厚的腐殖质层,有机质含量达10％以上,森林腐殖质类型属细腐(Mull)类型;土壤呈中性稍偏弱酸性反应;土壤形成过程以腐殖质累积过程为主,并有微弱的弱酸性淋溶过程和棕化过程,应属暗棕壤类。     

The Photosynthesis Characteristics of the Winter Wheat Colony of different Density

通过系统分析不同密度冬小麦群体的光合作用特性表明,密度时冬小麦群体的结构、光照特征、单叶光合生理性能均有显著的调节功能,从而显著影响产量水平的发挥。群体透光率作为群体叶面积系数和叶倾角对光环境作用的综合表现而主要由群体的叶面积系数影响,且合理的群体大小是保证具有较高的净光合速率和蒸腾速率而获得高产的基础。试验范围内以密度105kg/hm2群体的透光特性、旗叶光合生理性能和产量各因子表现最佳而产量最高,是最佳的密度水平,其次是135kg/hm2。