嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖的分离提取

分别采用超声波法、溶菌酶法、三氯乙酸法对嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖进行分离提取.结果表明超声波法的最优组合为超声功率400 W,超声时间30 min,水浴温度40℃,肽聚糖得率10.2%;溶菌酶法的最优组合为溶菌酶添加量4 mg/mL,水浴温度55%,作用时间5 h,pH 7,肽聚糖得率10.0%;三氯乙酸法肽聚糖得率15.8%.通过多重比较,最终确定采用三氯乙酸法提取嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖.     

嗜酸乳杆菌的体外抑菌研究

[目的]为研究嗜酸乳杆菌的抑菌机理提供一个好的途径。[方法]以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌株,用MRS培养基培养分离纯化嗜酸乳杆菌,利用单层琼脂平板扩散法检测嗜酸乳杆菌在不同pH值条件下对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。[结果]在37℃的恒温箱中培养24 h后,通过测量抑菌圈大小,可以得知嗜酸乳杆菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌作用。在适宜的酸性条件下,嗜酸乳杆菌对大肠杆菌的抑制作用明显,且随着酸度的增强其抑菌效果愈加明显。嗜酸乳杆菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,但pH值的变化对其抑菌效果影响不大。[结论]在适宜的生长条件下,嗜酸乳杆菌对一些致病菌具有抑制作用。     

添加嗜酸性乳酸杆菌对肉仔鸡免疫功能影响的研究

本文对肉鸡饲喂嗜酸乳酸杆菌时,鸡的体重及免疫器官及功能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:饲喂嗜酸乳酸杆菌可以提高鸡的体重,增加胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏的重量及淋巴细胞的 E-玫瑰花环率。     

空间诱变后嗜酸乳酸菌对小鼠肠道功能的影响

[目的]利用空间诱变技术处理嗜酸乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus),探讨空间诱变后菌株对小鼠肠道功能的影响。[方法]40只昆明小鼠适应性喂养7 d后随机分为4组:诱变前菌株组(SBM组)、诱变后菌株组(SAM组)、合生元益生菌组(BP组)和空白对照组(NC组),每组各10只。通过灌喂不同的菌悬液,探讨其对小鼠肠道菌群、小肠运动功能和排便的影响。[结果]SAM组小鼠粪便中的双歧杆菌和乳杆菌显著高于诱变前菌株组和空白对照组(P0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌显著低于诱变前菌株组和空白对照组(P0.05),与合生元益生菌组无明显差异(P0.05);诱变后菌株组小鼠的小肠运动功能和排便功能优于诱变前菌株组和空白对照组(P0.05)。[结论]空间诱变后的嗜酸乳酸菌改善小鼠胃肠道功能的效果优于诱变前的乳酸菌,与市售合生元相当。     

嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸的发酵条件研究

[目的]为提高微生物法发酵合成共轭亚油酸(CLA)的产量,优化嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸的发酵条件.[方法]试验以亚油酸为底物,利用嗜酸乳杆菌合成共轭亚油酸,选取对CLA的生成量影响显著的几个因素:底物浓度、接种量、pH、发酵时间、发酵温度进行单因素试验,并在此基础上进行正交试验优化发酵条件.[结果]单因素试验得到的最优发酵条件为底物浓度1.0 mg/ml、接种量4％、初始pH 5.5、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度37℃.正交试验发现,底物浓度、发酵时间、发酵温度显著影响CLA的合成产量.最终得到的最优发酵条件为底物浓度为1.5 mg/ml、接种量2％、初始pH 5.5、发酵时间36 h、发酵温度33℃.用气质联用法对产物进行定性分析,证明产物是c-9,t-11 CLA.此时,CLA的产量为91.54 μg/ml.[结论]试验优化了共轭亚油酸的发酵条件,为更有效率地利用嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸提供了理论依据.     

几种蔬菜汁对嗜酸乳杆菌HS112菌种生长的影响

为研究嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)的生长刺激因子,初步研究了黄瓜、番茄、胡萝卜天然提取汁对嗜酸乳杆菌HS112菌种生长的影响.由单因素试验结果得出,黄瓜汁的5％、番茄汁的6％、胡萝卜汁的8％为HS112菌种的最佳刺激体积分数;由正交试验得出的最佳天然刺激因子组合为8％胡萝卜汁、9％黄瓜汁和4％番茄汁.     

传统乳制品中嗜酸乳杆菌的生理特性研究

文章以实验室保藏的从内蒙古地区采集传统发酵乳制品中分离出的8株嗜酸乳杆菌为研究对象,研究了它们的生理特性,包括生长曲线的测定,渗透压对菌体生长的影响,耐胆盐性及抑菌能力。结果表明,该8株菌耐盐和耐胆酸盐能力分别达到6.0%和1.0%,经过多次筛选后,获得了两株细菌素产生菌株KLDS1.0365和KLDS1.0384。     

嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM双精氨酸分泌信号肽蛋白的预测分析

[目的]对嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM中Tat途径分泌信号肽蛋白进行预测分析。[方法]以嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM基因组序列为对象,采用Signal P4.0、Lipo P1.0、Tat P软件分析该菌株基因组中的双精氨酸途径分泌信号肽蛋白。[结果]嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM中有酶切位点也有motif的Tat途径信号肽蛋白94个。[结论]对嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM中Tat途径分泌信号肽蛋白的预测分析,为进一步分析该菌胞外蛋白的分泌机制打下基础。     

促生长因子对嗜酸乳杆菌发酵牛骨粉钙转化率的影响

为探讨嗜酸乳杆菌转变结合态骨钙为游离态的可行性,同时为开发含有益生菌的生物态补钙制剂提供理论依据和技术支持,以牛骨粉为发酵基质,嗜酸乳杆菌为发酵菌株,钙转化率为特征性指标,研究不同糖类、氨基酸、维生素对嗜酸乳杆菌发酵牛骨粉钙转化效果的影响,并在此基础上运用响应面分析法对嗜酸乳杆菌促生长因子进行优化.结果表明:对钙转化率...     

In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Antagonistic Activity Against Escherichia coli O157:H7

The antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDS1.0902, KLDS1.1003 and NCFM against Escherichia coli O157: H7 were investigated in this study. The culture supernatants of all the L. acidophilus stains showed high bacteriostatic activities against E. coli O157: H7 and the bacteriostatic substances of their Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS) were preliminarily determined from organic acids. The bacteriostatic activity from CFS or viable L. acidophilus against E. coli O157: H7 was also assessed by using co-incubation methods, CFS had high bactericidal activity against E. coli O157: H7, no viable E. coli O157: H7 was detected when 5×107 cfu of E. coli O157: H7 was added to 5 mL of CFS and incubated at 37℃ for 2 h. However, L. acidophilus themselves had no bacteriostatic activity after directly contacted with E. coli O157: H7. The inhibition E. coli O157: H7 adhesion and colonization of L. acidophilus were also investigated based on competition, exclusion and displacement assays. L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901, KLDS1.1003 and NCFM strains were effective to displace E. coli O157: H7 from a Caco-2 cell layer in competition and exclusion assays. However, in displacement assay, all of the strains showed no significant antagonistic activities. Meanwhile, the probiotic potential of L. acidophilus strains was investigated based on adhesion assay to Caco-2 cells and anti-inflammatory effects by IL-8 produced in Caco-2 cells. The adhesion ability and anti-inflammatory effects of L. acidophilus strains showed a strain-dependent manner. In general,L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM showed better probiotic potential than KLDS1.0902 and KLDS1.1003. Thus, the use of L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM to prevent or treat of diseases associated induced E. coli O157: H7 in vivo was suggested.     

海蜇的人工繁育与养殖技术

海蜇是一种重要的海洋无脊椎动物,也是人们喜爱的水产食品。概述了海蜇的生态习性、生活史、摄食与生长等生物学特性,并介绍了海蜇的人工繁殖、苗种培育以及池塘养殖的关键技术。     

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a Dietary Supplement on Nonspecific Immune Response and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Common carp,Cyprinos carpio

Effects of diet fortified with Lactobacillus acidophilus at 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% on nonspecific immune response and disease resistant common carp juvenile infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophilla were examined. Immune response parameters(the total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine and immunoglobulin), percentage mortality and relative protection level were determined on day 1 and days 14, 28, 42 and 56. Fish fed Lactobacilus acidophilus fortified diet significantly improved nonspecific immune parameters especially group treated with 0.4% inclusion with lower mortality rate indicating a better relative protection level against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophilla.     

水牛唾液中生物活性物质的研究

 从 7头公水牛口腔中收集混合唾液 ,用 RIA法测定了 5种激素样免疫反应物质 ( im munoreactive sub-stances) ,并检测了唾液的胃蛋白酶解产物的总阿片样生物活性。结果显示 ,水牛唾液中含有表皮生长因子 ( EGF)、胰岛素样生长因子 1( IGF- )、促胃液素、胰岛素、胰高血糖素等激素样免疫反应物质。唾液经胃蛋白酶水解后 ,产物使NG10 8- 15细胞 c AMP含量下降了 2 6.0 3 % ( P<0 .0 1) ,这种作用可被特异性阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮阻断。提示 ,唾液在消化道中经胃蛋白酶水解产生阿片样生物活性物质     

Effects of exogenous enzymes,Lactobacillus acidophilus or their combination on feed performance response and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed sugarcane bagasse

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacil us acidophilus (LAC), exogenous enzymes of ZAD? (exogenous enzyme preparation) or their combination on feed conversion, and dressing of ra...     

Effects of exogenous enzymes,Lactobacillus acidophilus or their combination on feed performance response and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed sugarcane bagasse

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LAC), exogenous enzymes of ZAD(exogenous enzyme preparation) or their combination on feed conversion, and dressing of rabbits fed different treatments of sugarcane bagasse(SCB). Five rations were allotted randomly to five groups of New-Zealand White(NZW) rabbits(n=10) with initial live body weight of(838±42.4) g and 5 weeks of age. Rabbits were fed on diets with different sources of fiber as follows,(i) a control diet composed of 100% berseem hay and 0% SCB,(ii) 50% berseem hay and 50% untreated SCB(USCB),(iii) 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with L. acidophilus(LAC),(iv) 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with ZAD(ZAD), and(v) 50% berseem hay and 50% SCB treated with a combination of LAC+ZAD(LZ). Treatments of SCB with L. acidophilus, ZAD and LAC+ZAD had the highest feed conversion ratio than both USCB and control. The dressing percentage of rabbits that fed the LAC and LZ diets was higher(P0.05) compared with that in the other groups. Performance index(PI) for LAC group was improved(P0.05) compared to that for the other groups; however, PI for USCB group was the lowest(P0.05). It could be concluded that treating SCB with L. acidophilus, exogenous enzymes of ZAD or their combination improved feed conversion and performance with more positive effects with L. acidophilus than the other treatments.     

Influences of Feeding Lactobacillus on Colonization of the Lactobacillus in Chicks''Digestible Tracts

It was carried out with culture solution of Lactobacillus fed to the newborn chicks to observe the influences on colonization of the Lactobacillus in chicks′ digestible tracts. The results showed that after the chicks were fed Lactobacillus, the amount of the Lactobacillus in chicks′ digestible tracts significantly increased (P＜0.01) and the Lactobacillus colonized 36h ahead of schedule     

Comparison of Nutrient Components in the Muscle of Wild and Artificially Reared Takifugu obscurus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.