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1.
Sarzamin Khan Muhammad Subhan Qureshi Nazir Ahmad Muhammad Amjed Muhammad Younas Altafur Rahman 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1133-1142
The onset of pregnancy may be associated with hormonal changes and decline in milk yield of buffaloes. To investigate this,
forty lactating buffaloes from 1st to 23rd weeks post-conception were selected. The animals were assigned to three treatments:
PRT, PRS, NPRT and three milk yielding groups HMY, 66 to 75 l/week, n = 12; MMY, 56 to 65 l/week, n = 16; LMY, 46 to 55 l/week,
n = 12). Milk samples were collected on alternate weeks and analyzed with ultrasonic milk analyzer. EIA was used for milk
progesterone concentrations. Group means were compared and correlation analysis was conducted. Progesterone concentrations
increased in almost similar pattern with the advancing weeks post-conception. The high and low yielder showed greater progesterone
concentrations in the supplemented than the animals on traditional ration (P < 0.001). Progesterone concentrations correlated
positively with fat (%), negatively with milk yield, protein (%) and lactose (%). Decline in milk yield became drastic when
progesterone concentrations rose above 6.44 ng/ml. The pregnant animals on traditional ration exhibited a sharper decline
in milk yield with the increasing progesterone concentrations as compared to pregnant animals with supplemented ration. It
is concluded that concentrates supplementation induced a raise in progesterone levels. Progesterone concentrations and milk
yield showed an inverse relationship. 相似文献
2.
Mohebbi-Fani M Mirzaei A Nazifi S Shabbooie Z 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):259-265
This study assessed the changes of plasma vitamin A, E, and C and the lipid peroxidation status of sheep during breeding and
pregnancy under drought conditions. The study was conducted on 105 cross-bred fat tailed ewes, 3–5 years old with body condition
scores (BCS) of 2.5 to 3.5. The ewes were grazing on medium-to-low quality forages during summer and low quality forages within
the succeeding months and had ad libitum access to a mixture of alfalfa hay (40%) and wheat straw (60%) in the afternoons. From 3 weeks before breeding till 1 month
after the introduction of rams, 300 g of barley grain/head/day was offered to the ewes and then the supplemental grain was
reduced to 100 g/head/day. For better synchronization of estrus cycles in ewes, they were isolated from the rams for at least
2 months and then kept in close proximity of the rams for 1 week before the introduction of the rams to the ewe flock. Then,
whole blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 21, and 120 after ram introduction. Vitamins A, E, and C were measured in
plasma. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the hemolysate as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Plasma progesterone (P4)
was measured in the samples of day 120 for assessing pregnancy status of the ewes. Vitamins A and C showed continuous and
significant declines (P < 0.05) through days 1 to 120. Vitamin E declined only during the first 21 days of the study and remained almost constant
till day 120. MDA concentration increased significantly at day 21. An elevated concentration of MDA was also detected at day
120. The difference between days 21 and 120 was not significant (P > 0.05). A positive correlation between vitamins E and C was detected at day 120 (r = 0.349, P < 0.01). Age and BCS did not affect the patterns of changes. Assuming that the ewes with P4 concentrations ≥2.5 ng/ml were
pregnant, 95 out of 105 ewes (90.5%) were pregnant at day 120 of the study. Under the conditions of the present study with
medium-to-low quality pastures as the main sources of feed, ewes of various ages and body conditions may suffer from oxidative
stress during breeding and pregnancy. 相似文献
3.
Quintero-Elisea JA Macías-Cruz U Álvarez-Valenzuela FD Correa-Calderón A González-Reyna A Lucero-Magaña FA Soto-Navarro SA Avendaño-Reyes L 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1567-1573
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dose and application time of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)
on reproductive performance of hair sheep ewes synchronized with fluorogesterone acetate (FGA) under tropical conditions of
Northeastern Mexico. Ninety-nine hair ewes (63 Blackbelly and 36 Pelibuey) were treated with intravaginal sponges during 10 days.
After insertion of FGA sponges, ewes were divided into four groups, and PMSG was injected intramuscularly at doses of 100,
200, and 400 IU. Relative to FGA sponge removal, PMSG was administrated at −48 h, −24 h, and at sponge removal. PMSG was not
administered to the control group. Control ewes had similar (P > 0.05) lambing rate, fertility, and fecundity than those treated with 100 IU of PMSG, but lower (P < 0.05) percentages to these variables than those treated with 200 and 400 IU of PMSG. Time to estrus decreased linearly,
and ovulation rate increased quadratically as PMSG dose increased (0 to 400 IU). Administration of PMSG before sponge removal
increased (P < 0.01) response to estrus and decreased (P < 0.01) interval to estrus compared with control. Ovulation rate, lambing rate, fertility, and fecundity were not affected
(P > 0.05) by administration time of PMSG. Both dose and time of PMSG application did not affect (P > 0.05) pregnancy rate, percentage of single and multiple lambing, and prolificacy. In conclusion, results show that the
dose of 400 IU of PMSG administered before sponge withdrawal in an estrus synchronization protocol improved reproductive efficiency
of hair sheep ewes. 相似文献
4.
Aly Mohamed Karen Samy Darwish Adel Ramoun Khalid Tawfeek Nguyen Van Hanh Noelita Melo de Sousa Jose Sulon Otto Szenci Jean-Francios Beckers 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):5-7
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of transrectal palpation (TRP) for diagnosing early pregnancy in
buffaloes and the false diagnoses of the TRP test by using the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radioimmunoassay (PAG-RIA)
test. Pregnancy was diagnosed in 168 buffalo–cows once by TRP and PAG-RIA test between days 31 and 55 after breeding. The
sensitivity of TRP for detecting pregnant buffalo–cows was 37.5% at days 31–35, increased to 93.8% at days 46–50 and reached
100% at days 51–55 (P < 0.01). All cases of false negative diagnoses (n = 10) had PAG concentration higher than the threshold (≥1.8 ng/mL) for diagnosing pregnancy. The specificity of TRP for detecting
non-pregnant buffalo cows ranged between 90.9%, and 100% between days 31 and 55. All cases of false positive diagnoses (n = 5) made by TRP had PAG concentrations lower than the threshold for diagnosing pregnancy. It could be concluded that TRP
is an accurate method for diagnosing pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo cows from day 46 after breeding. 相似文献
5.
Chávez D Maquivar M Galina CS Galindo J Molina R Molina-Montero R Estrada S 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(5):393-400
Fifty-eight nursing Zebu cows averaging 5922 days postpartum were used to evaluate the early embryonic development by ultrasound
under a natural mating system (bulls A to F). Three consecutive mating periods of 21 days were established. Sixty two percent
of the animals were diagnosed as pregnant (36/58). During the first period (AB) 76% (27/36) of the animals become pregnant,
17% (6/36) during the second (CD) and 9% (3/36) in the last mating period (EF). Sixty two percent of the animals were true
positives (animals found pregnant diagnosed by ultrasound (US), and conforming with the embryonic scale proposed by Rosiles
et al. (2006); 12% (n = 7) of false negatives (pregnant cows by US but not conforming with the scale); 2% (n = 1) of false
positives (pregnant cows, evaluated with US and conforming with the embryonic scale but not pregnant at the end of the study);
and a 26% (n = 15) of true negatives (not pregnancy evaluated with US). The sensitivity of the test was 97%, with a specificity
of 68% with a positive predictive value of 83% and a negative predictive value of 6%. Relation between the measuring scale
of embryo development and the results obtained by ultrasonography was k = 0.69. No significant correlation were observed between body condition score (BCS) evaluation and body fat (BF) measurement
at any of the three evaluations performed after mating, however, measurements of BCS and BF among time showed a positive correlation
(0.48 P < 0.05, 0.29, P < 0.07, respectively) from the beginning of the evaluation period to the end of the trial. Ultrasonography
to monitor embryonic development to determine the early establishment of pregnancy in natural mating reproductive programs
can be a valuable technique to monitor reproductive efficiency. 相似文献
6.
Yilmaz M Altin T Karaca O Cemal I Bardakcioglu HE Yilmaz O Taskin T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1555-1560
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the body condition score (BCS) of ewes before and during the mating
season on their reproductive performance under an extensive production system. In this study, 240 Kivircik sheep from the
flocks of two breeders were used for over a 2-year period. The flocks were fed under extensive conditions on natural pastures
throughout the year. The ewes were synchronized in two different periods, one of which was 45 days before the other. Before
the introduction of rams to the ewes, the ewes were weighed after measuring their BCS. Detailed records were kept for every
flock in each year. We found significant effects of BCS on pregnancy rate, lambing rate (P < 0.05) and fecundity (P < 0.05). The BCS for the highest pregnancy, lambing rate, and fecundity was determined between 2.01 and 3.00, while the lowest
rates for these traits were ≤1.50. The highest rates of the pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and fecundity and gestation productivity
were 75.9%, 70.9%, 1.11 and 3.34 kg, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Alonso L Maquivar M Galina CS Mendoza GD Guzmán A Estrada S Villareal M Molina R 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(8):667-672
With the objective of evaluating the effect of methionine supplementation prior to a breeding program, thirty one heifers
(Bos taurus x Bos indicus) were used averaging 386 ± 29 days of age and a mean body weight of 402.6 ± 28 kg. Fifteen of the animals received a
supplement (SG) during 45 days with molasses-urea mixture (2 kg molasses + 407 g urea/head/day), plus 10 g of ruminally protected
methionine. The other sixteen heifers did not receive supplement (CG). Fecal and pastures samples were collected to assess
dry herbage intake and digestibility. Serial ultrasound measurements from the ovary were performed in both groups to evaluate
follicular dynamics. The heifers were categorized according to their follicular size and presence of a CL. Forage intake and
dry matter digestibility were reduced (P < 0.05) and body condition tended to improve (P = 0.07) in the supplemented heifers,
however, total intake, final weight, daily gain and dorsal back fat were not affected. After the supplementation period, the
percentage of females in the categories < 3 mm and 3 to < 6 mm, was greater (P < 0.05) in CG (25% and 43.7%) that in SG
(0% and 26.6%) but in the follicle category of ≥ 9 mm, the percentage of animals was 60% in SG and 18.8% in CG (P < 0.05).
The percentage of ovulation for the SG and CG was 86.7% and 62.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). The combination of supplementation
with methionine-urea and molasses at the end of the dry season and the anticipated onset of the rainy season favored the establishment
of ovarian activity and follicular dynamics. 相似文献
8.
Al-Qudah KM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(1):60-65
Background: Negative energy balance during late pregnancy in ewes is an important cause of hyperketonemia. Ketone bodies can generate superoxide radicals and cause oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction, as noted in cows with subclinical ketosis or in diabetic people. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hyperketonemia in initiating the process of lipid peroxidation. Methods: The study included 10 pregnant ewes (aged 3.5–6 years) with pregnancy toxemia, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes, and 10 clinically healthy nonpregnant ewes. Serum concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and glucose, plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), markers of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione were measured. Data from the 3 groups were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: Serum concentrations of BHB, cortisol, and TBARS were significantly higher in ewes with pregnancy toxemia when compared with concentrations in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant groups (P≤.05). In ewes with pregnancy toxemia, a strong positive correlation was found between concentrations of TBARS and BHB (r=.80; P=.002) and between concentrations of BHB and cortisol (r=.76; P=.005). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are involved in the development and complications of pregnancy toxemia. An association between hyperketonemia and the products of lipid peroxidation has also been demonstrated, suggesting that ketosis is a risk factor in the development of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia. 相似文献
9.
O. R. Madibela K. K. Mokwena S. J. Nsoso T. F. Thema 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):935-942
Effects of site and degutting on chemical composition of mopane worm were investigated. Samples were cooked for 30 min in
either brine or in plain water. Samples from Moreomabele were high in acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P < 0.05) and acid detergent
insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) (P < 0.01) while samples from Sefophe had least ADF and ADIN concentrations. In vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) tended (P = 0.06) to be high in samples from Maunatlala than those from Moreomabele
and Sefophe. No site difference (P > 0.05) was observed on the rest of the variables. Degutted samples had high crude protein
(CP), ADF and IVTDMD (P < 0.05) but lower (P < 0.001) concentrations of ash, acid detergent lignin (ADL) and condensed tannins.
Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in degutted than whole samples. Salting did not (P > 0.05)
change concentrations of all but ADF which tended (P = 0.09) to be high in salted samples. Samples which were degutted and
salted had higher (P < 0.01) ADF and ADIN than degutted and salted or those left whole and salted or left unsalted. Leaving
samples as whole diluted the concentration of CP but increased the fibre components and condensed tannins content. However,
mopane worm destined for livestock feeding may be left whole and salt added. 相似文献
10.
Anaya-Ortega JP Garduño-Castro G Espinoza-Ortega A Rojo-Rubio R Arriaga-Jordán CM 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(4):607-616
Small-scale dairy systems based on grazing have dry-season herbage shortages. A repeated 3 × 3 Latin Square experiment evaluated
grazing with silage from maize (MS), annual ryegrass (ARG) or a mixture (MIX) with 9 cows with 3 week periods; continuously
grazed at 3.6 cows/ha with 3.6 kg DM/day of concentrate. Treatments were 7 kg DM of MS, ARG or a 2 MS:1 ARG mixture. Milk
yield (MY), milk composition, live-weight, body condition, silage and concentrate intake were recorded. Herbage DM intake
was estimated indirectly. Activity budgets were done for economic analysis. MY on MS (21.5 kg/cow/d) was 0.06 higher than
on ARG (P < 0.09) with no differences on MIX. There were no differences for milk fat, milk protein, or body condition score.
Live-weight on ARG was higher (P < 0.01) than on MS or MIX. Silage intake was higher (P < 0.01) on ARG and MS than on MIX.
Herbage intake was lower (P < 0.05) on MS, compared with MIX and ARG. Total DM intake on ARG was higher than MS (P < 0.01),
and MIX in between. MS resulted in 0.12 higher economic returns over ARG which had highest costs. Annual ryegrass may have
a place in small-scale systems, but not as silage due to higher costs. 相似文献
11.
Zarkawi M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(7):1311-1318
Fifty cyclic fat-tailed Syrian Awassi ewes aged 2–4 years, with a mean weight of 51.4 kg, were used for 4 years to assess
the accelerated lambing system (three lambings in 2 years). Ewes were divided into two groups: treated (T) and untreated (C).
Ewes in the T group were treated with flugestone acetate for 14 days and injected intramuscularly at sponge withdrawal with
500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Results indicated that ewes in the T group exhibited oestrus and were mated
within 5 days post sponge removal compared to 11 days for ewes in the C group, and the difference in oestrus response between
the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). Repeated hormonal treatments had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the lamb birth weight. However, significant (P < 0.001) differences in the lamb birth weight were observed between singles and multiple births. In the treated ewes, the
total number of lambs born was 211–157 parturitions, and the multiple birth rate reached 27.4%, whereas the rate in the untreated
group was 6.3% with the difference being significant (P < 0.05). In the untreated ewes, the total number of lambs born was 14–13 parturitions (12 singles and 1 twin). Fecundity
rates were 135.1% and 106.3% in the treated and untreated ewes, respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Repeated administration of eCG had no negative effect on fertility of Syrian Awassi ewes. However, anti-eCG antibodies
were produced following eCG injections with extremely high individual differences in the immune response among ewes. 相似文献
12.
The effect of GnRH administration on superovulatory response of ewes treated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in
breeding and nonbreeding seasons and the contribution of laparoscopic insemination to the improvement of fertilization and
embryo recovery were investigated. Twenty-four nonpregnant Awassi ewes of 3–4 years of age were randomly allocated into two
groups (n = 12). Each ewe was treated with a progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponge for 12 days. The following superovulation
treatment was used: ewes of group 1 received 1,200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal;
ewes of group 2 also received 1,200 IU of eCG once as an intramuscular injection, 48 h prior to sponge withdrawal and after
24 h of sponge removal. Ewes were injected with 80 μg of GnRH. Ewes of groups 1 and 2 were further subdivided into four equal
groups (n = 6). Subgroups A and C (superovulated with eCG and eCG plus GnRH, respectively) were mated naturally at least two times
with Awassi rams of proven fertility at 8-h intervals. Subgroups B and D (same as A and C) had intrauterine insemination at
44–46 h after sponge removal, under laparoscopic visualization of uterine horns, depositing 1 ml of diluted semen containing
100 × 106 motile sperm in the distal portion of each uterine horn. Ovarian response was assessed by determining the number of corpora lutea by laparoscopy at day 6 after mating. Embryo recovery was performed by using a semi-laparoscopic flushing procedure in both
uterine horns. Results of the present study showed that ewes treated in breeding season with eCG plus GnRH has a higher number
(P < 0.05) of corpora lutea than eCG alone as 7.33 ± 0.54 and 4.33 ± 0.39, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of corpora lutea in nonbreeding season when ewes treated with eCG and eCG plus GnRH. The number of unovulated follicles was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in eCG treated ewes than in ewes treated with eCG plus GnRH, both in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The number
of recovered embryos from ewes treated with eCG plus GnRH and eCG differ significantly (P < 0.05) as 4.32 ± 0.56 and 1.06 ± 0.26, respectively, in the breeding seasons. No significant difference was observed when
these hormones used for superovulation in the nonbreeding season. A higher number of unfertilized ova (P < 0.05) was observed in ewes when naturally inseminated than in ewes inseminated using the intrauterine laparoscopic technique.
Higher rate of embryo recovery (P < 0.05) was achieved when ewes were inseminated via intrauterine (4.66 ± 0.66) compared with ewes naturally mated (2.16 ± 0.74).
The fertilization rate in ewes inseminated intrauterine using laparoscopic techniques and naturally mated were 91.5% and 44.8%,
respectively. Fertilization failure in ewes inseminated intrauterine using laparoscopic techniques and naturally mated were
8.4% and 55.2%, respectively. It could be concluded that administration of GnRH 24 h after sponge removal increased ovulation
rate of Awassi ewes treated with eCG for superovulation in the breeding season. The use of eCG to induce superovulation in
Awassi ewes combined with laparoscopic intrauterine insemination increases the fertilization rate. 相似文献
13.
Sejian Veerasamy Maurya Vijai Prakash Naqvi Sayeed M. K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1763-1770
A study was conducted to assess the effect of combined stresses (thermal and nutritional) on physiological adaptability and
growth performance of Malpura ewes. Twenty-eight adult Malpura ewes (average BW 33.56 kg) were used in the present study.
The ewes were divided into four groups, viz., GI (n = 7; control), GII (n = 7; thermal stress), GIII (n = 7; nutritional stress), and GIV (n = 7; combined stress). The animals were stall-fed with a diet consisting of 60% roughage and 40% concentrate. GI and GII
ewes were provided with ad libitum feeding, while GIII and GIV ewes were provided with restricted feed (30% intake of GI ewes)
to induce nutritional stress. GII and GIV ewes were kept in climatic chamber at 40°C and 55% RH for 6 h/day between 1000 and
1600 hours to induce thermal stress. The study was conducted for a period of two estrus cycles. The parameters studied were
feed intake, water intake, physiological responses (viz., respiration rate, pulse rate, and rectal temperature), body weight,
and body condition scoring (BCS) of ewes. Both thermal and combined stress significantly (P < 0.05) affected the feed intake, water intake, respiration rate, and rectal temperature. The feeding schedule followed in
the experiment significantly (P < 0.05) altered the body weight and BCS between the groups. The results reveal that when compared with thermal stress, nutritional
stress had less significant effect on the parameters studied. However, when both these stresses were coupled, it had a significant
influence on all the parameters studied in these ewes. It can be concluded from this study that when two stressors occur simultaneously,
the total cost may have severe impact on biological function. 相似文献
14.
Talebkhan Garoussi M Farzaneh N Gallehdar E Mohri M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):965-968
Pregnancy in out-of-breeding season in ewes increases the economical goals. Synchronization of estrus and ovulation is essential
for above program. The aims of this study using implant norgestomet with or without Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG)
were to evaluate the serum progesterone (P4) concentration changes: the conception rate and estimation of the lambing rate
and litter size. In total, 80 non-cycling multiparous Iranian Kurdish breed fat-tailed ewes with <0/5 ng/ml P4 were used in
April and May 2008 in the suburb of Mashhad, Iran. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (n = 30) without hormonal treatment, another group (n = 25) received 3 mg of norgestomet implant placed subcutaneously in the convex surface of the ear for 9 days, and the third
group (n = 25) treated with 3 mg of norgestomet implant for 9 days with an IM injection of 500 IU PMSG at implant removal. The progesterone
of treatment and control groups were measured on days 4, 9, and 13 after removal of the norgestomet using radioimmunoassay.
Every five ewes were exposed to one ram after 24 h of norgestomet removal in treatment and control groups, simultaneously.
The pregnancy was examined after 25 days of ram removal using ultrasonography. Progesterone concentration was significantly
higher in treatment groups on 9 and 13 days after norgestomet removal (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate in the control, non-PMSG, and PMSG treatments groups were 17%, 52%, and 72%, respectively. The
rates of single and twin pregnancy in the non-PMSG treatment group were 69% and 31%, respectively. These rates in norgestomet
and PMSG treatment group were 50% and 39%, respectively. Triplet pregnancy (11%) was observed only in the PMSG treatment group.
It was concluded that using implant norgestomet especially accompanied with PMSG can increase and improve the fertilization
rate of ewe in the out-of-breeding season program. 相似文献
15.
The reproductive performance of 48 Damara, 42 Dorper and 46 Merino ewes was evaluated under an optimum nutritional regime
for Merino ewes that included one annual joining in a mixed (cropping and sheep) farming system in the eastern wheatbelt of
Western Australia (W.A.) over a 3-year period. In 2005, when the Damara, Dorper and Merino ewes were aged between 8 and 9 months
at joining and weighed 41.2, 42.4 and 33.3 kg with average body condition scores of 2.3, 2.4 and 1.8, respectively, their
weaning rates were 71% (Damara), 81% (Dorper) and 13% (Merino). The Merino ewes had significantly lighter body weights and
were lower conditioned (p < 0.001) resulting in significantly lower weaning rates (p < 0.001). In 2006, the Damara, Dorper and Merino ewes weighed 61.9, 69.5 and 61.6 kg at joining, with body condition scores
of 2.8, 3.3 and 2.8, respectively, resulting in weaning rates of 52% (Damara), 122% (Dorper) and 117% (Merino). While the
Damara and Merino weights and body condition scores were not different (p > 0.05), the Damara weaning rates were significantly lower compared with the Dorper and Merino groups (p < 0.001). The Dorpers were heavier and greater conditioned (p < 0.001); however, the weaning rates between the Dorper and Merino were not different (p > 0.05). In 2007, the Damara, Dorper and Merino ewes weighed 71.6, 77.1 and 70.2 kg at joining with body condition scores
of 2.8, 2.8 and 2.5, respectively. Again, the Dorper ewes were heavier (p < 0.001) than the Damaras and Merinos, which were not different (p > 0.05). The Damara and Dorper had the same body condition while the Merino ewes were less and different (p < 0.05). However, there were differences in weaning rates between the three breeds (p < 0.001), of 64% (Damara), 105% (Dorper) and 134% (Merino). Over the 3-year period, under a nutritional management system
optimal for Merino sheep and with one annual joining, with increasing age the Merino ewes weaned more lambs. However, while
the Damara and Dorper ewes conceived and weaned relatively high lamb numbers when they were joined as lambs, their reproductive
performance decreased over time. This nutritional regime resulted in increased levels of fatness of the Damara and Dorper
ewes with no increase in reproduction rates under an annual joining system. A significant factor for the lower conception
and weaning rates in the Damara ewes was the enlarged fat tail due to the increased fat levels, which made it difficult for
the rams to impregnate the ewes. 相似文献
16.
Effect of supplementing urea-treated barley straw with lucerne or vetch hays on feed intake,digestibility and growth of Arsi Bale Sheep 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The study was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia to assess the supplementation of graded levels of
vetch (Vicia dasycarpa `lana’) and lucerne (Medicago sativa,’ Hunter river’) hay on feed intake, digestibility and body weight (BW) change of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated barley
straw (UTBS). A 7 day- digestibility and a 90 day- feed intake trials were conducted using 28 and 35 sheep, respectively.
The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with seven dietary treatments that consisted of feeding UTBS
(T1) as the control treatment, UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g dry matter (DM) per day of vetch for T2, T3, T4, respectively
and UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g DM per day of lucerne for T5, T6 and T7, respectively. Intake of UTBS was not affected (P > 0.05)
by inclusion of lucerne hay at 25–35% of daily DM intake. The supplements increased daily intake of total DM, organic matter
(OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) (P < 0.001) as well as apparent
digestibility of DM, OM (P < 0.001), NDF (P < 0.01), ADF, crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and daily BW gain (P < 0.001). Supplementation
with lucerne than vetch hay promoted higher (P < 0.001) CP and ME intakes and daily BW gain. Feeding with the UTBS without
supplementation was enough to meet the maintenance requirements of the sheep and allow small BW gain. The results of the study
showed that urea treatment of barley straw in conjunction with supplementation of lucerne or vetch hay could serve as a useful
strategy in improving smallholder sheep production in the tropics. 相似文献
17.
R. Duehlmeier I. Fluegge B. Schwert M. Ganter 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(2):359-366
Background
Insulin resistance during late gestation might act as 1 etiologic factor causing pregnancy toxemia in ewes.Objective
Evaluation of pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in ewes with differing susceptibility to pregnancy toxemia and in ketotic ewes.Animals
Pregnant ewes suffering from (PT, n = 5) and ewes with high (HR, n = 7) and low risk (LR, n = 5) of being affected by pregnancy toxemia.Methods
In a case‐control study, the pancreatic insulin release and the peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by means of the intravenous glucose tolerance test with subsequent measurement of the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB). The ewes were tested during late pregnancy within 5 and 15 days antepartum.Results
The insulin secretion after glucose administration was significantly lower in the HR and PT than in the LR ewes. The baseline rate of lipolysis was significantly increased in the HR ewes, but the NEFA clearance was similar in both risk groups, albeit delayed in the PT ewes. The baseline β‐HB concentration was significantly higher in the PT than in the HR and LR ewes. In the HR and in the PT ewes, the plasma β‐HB concentrations did not decrease after glucose administration.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
There is reduced pancreatic first‐phase insulin response and impaired insulin‐dependent inhibition of the ketone body formation during late pregnancy in the HR and PT ewes. This insulin resistance might represent 1 causative factor in the pathogenesis of ovine pregnancy toxemia. 相似文献18.
Digestibility and feeding trials for 10 and 90 days were conducted using 25 yearling Farta rams with a mean body weight (BW)
of 16.8 ± 0.17 kg (mean ± SD) to study the effects of supplementation with sole or mixtures of noug seed meal (NSM) and wheat
bran (WB) on feed intake, digestibility and BW change in Farta sheep fed hay. The experimental design was a randomized complete
block design. The sheep were arranged in five blocks based on initial BW, and the five treatments were assigned randomly to
each animal in a block. The five treatments comprised of ad libitum hay (control, T1) and ad libitum hay plus daily supplementation of 300 g dry matter (DM) sole WB (T2), 2WB:1NSM (T3), 1WB:2NSM (T4) and sole NSM (T5). Supplementation
increased total DM (P < 0.01) and crude protein (CP) (P < 0.001) intake and promoted daily BW gain (P < 0.001). Non- supplemented
sheep consumed more (P < 0.01) hay DM compared to the supplemented treatments, except T2. Among supplemented sheep, T5 had
higher (P < 0.001) CP intake than the other treatments. Supplementation improved (P < 0.001) the digestibility of CP. Lack
of statistical differences in daily BW gain between the different supplements used in this study suggests that sheep producers
can use the different feed supplements considered in this study depending on their availability in the order of T4, T5, T3
and T2, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Assessment of the nutritional status of indigenous scavenging chickens in Ada’a district,Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hailemariam Mekonnen D. Mulatu B. Kelay T. Berhan 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):123-130
The nutritive values of scavenging feed resource bases and effects of season and chickens age on the latter were studied in
smallholder farms in Aad’a, Ethiopia. The study included 210 households and 208 chickens. The mean weight of crop contents
in all age groups ranged from 26.2 to 28.2 g, while it was 29.8 g and 24.7 g in the harvesting and non-harvesting seasons,
respectively. Grains represented 48–49% of the mean weight of crop contents in all age groups and it was significantly higher
(P < 0.05) during the harvesting season than the non-harvesting period in both age groups. Kitchen wastes were next in abundance
(26–29%) and were significantly more abundant in non-harvesting season in growers only and in hens than in growers (P < 0.001).
The dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous and metabolizable energy levels of crop contents were 91.1–92.5%,
12.9–15.5%, 4.17–7.07%, 0.43–0.90%, 0.28–0.38% and 3404.3–3636.2 Kcal, respectively. Crude protein, calcium and phosphorus
levels were below the requirements for egg production and growth. The scavenging feed resource base was critically deficient
in these nutrients during the harvesting season. As these nutrients are vital for production, supplementary feeds rich in
these nutrients would probably result in increased egg production and optimum growth. 相似文献
20.
L. R. García-Winder S. Goñi-Cedeño P. A. Olguín-Lara G. Díaz-Salgado C. M. Arriaga-Jordán 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1615-1621
Two experiments were undertaken to evaluate the use of pods from Huizache (Acacia farnesiana), common in the arid and semiarid regions of Mexico, on the perfromance and apparent digestibility in Pelibuey Mexican hair growing ewe lambs. Twenty-four Pelibuey ewe lambs were used in the animal performance experiment, with a mean live weight of 14.91 ± 1.48 kg, randomnly allocated
to three groups which received ad libitum for 77 days (11 weeks) experimental whole rations T0 with 0%, T12 with 12% or T24 with 24% inclusión of dried and ground
Huizache pods. Dry matter intakes (g/kg 0.75 daily) were 83, 95, 90 for T0, T12, and T24 respectively (P > 0.05). Mean daily live-weight gain was 90, 75, and 63 g/day
for T0, T12, and T24 (P < 0.001). Nine Pelibuey ewe lambs were used to determine apparent digestibility in vivo of the experimental diets using a 3 × 3 latin square design repeated three times. There were differences in the digestibility
of dry matter (P < 0.001), organic matter (P < 0.001), nitrogen (P < 0.031), neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.002), and acid
detergent fibre (P < 0.001) being lower in T24. Huizache pods may be an alternative feed when included up to 12% of dry matter in the diets for sheep growing moderately. 相似文献