发芽小麦品质的研究

通过研究,了解了不同含量发芽小麦的各类品质变化状况,和芽麦品质劣变最为明显的指标.实验结果表明,发芽小麦储藏品质降低,因此在储藏中应加强管理.而芽麦含量在10%以下的,其各项品质基本正常.芽麦含量17%以上的小麦,品质差,但仍可进行搭配加工改善品质,以保证食品卫生和对芽麦有效地利用.     

高温高湿储藏条件下小麦若干品质性状变化规律的研究

对37℃高温、RH=80%高湿储藏条件下硬质、软质小麦的水分、脂肪酸值、降落值、粘度、湿面筋含量、发芽率和芽重等物理品质性状及过氧化氢酶活动度、过氧化物酶活动度和α-淀粉酶活性等几种生理生化指标的变化规律进行了初步研究和探讨。结果表明,高温高湿条件下,小麦短期储藏后的各种理化品质指标均有不同程度的变化,酶活动度、降落值、脂肪酸值等变化较显著,可以较好地应用于小麦的早期陈化和劣变程度的判断。     

相同储藏条件下同年度不同品种小麦品质的变化

选用5个同一生产年度的不同品种小麦,在同一储藏条件下对其容重、水分、面筋吸水量、粘度、降落数值和发芽率等品质指标进行测定,讨论各指标与储藏时间的关系及品种差异对各指标的影响,分析各指标之间的相关性。结果显示:随着储藏时间的延长,小麦容重、水分和粘度的变化趋于稳定,面筋吸水率和发芽率呈降低趋势,降落数值呈增大趋势;不同小麦品种的容重、发芽率变化差异不大;储藏1年后,不同小麦品种的水分、面筋吸水率、降落数值变化差异较大;容重与其它五个指标都存在一定的相关性,这也是选择容重作为小麦等级鉴定的必要性。     

不同储藏条件对小麦专用粉品质的影响研究

采用正交实验方法,研究储藏温度、储藏水分、储藏方式与储藏时间四个因素对小麦专用粉储藏期间面团稳定时间、面筋吸水量、脂肪酸值和降落数值的影响.结果显示:在储藏时间180d内,储藏温度仅对小麦专用粉的降落数值指标影响显著,呈现显著正相关;储藏时间仅对小麦专用粉的脂肪酸值指标影响显著,呈现显著正相关;储藏水分与储藏方式对小麦...     

生芽粒对小麦降落数值变化规律的研究

选取西部地区3省具有代表性的小麦样品为对象,研究小麦发芽对降落数值的影响,对不同发芽程度、不同发芽小麦添加比例对小麦降落数值的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,不同发芽程度小麦对降落数值有显著影响;通过控制发芽小麦的添加比例使小麦达到专用粉生产的要求,从而提高发芽小麦的利用率,并为国家标准GB 1351-2008的修订提供理论依据。     

小麦籽粒品质形成的影响因素及其生理机制

小麦籽粒品质作为小麦重要的经济性状,主要受基因型、生态条件、栽培技术和储藏措施等综合作用。小麦籽粒品质存在显著地基因型差异,通过改变特定的基因位点或亚基可以优化籽粒品质。环境因素显著地影响小麦品质,适当增加温度、减少光照强度和光照时数、土壤水分,有利于提高籽粒蛋白质的含量和改善小麦品质;适当晚播和施加适量氮肥可增加籽粒中蛋白质和湿面筋含量,提高降落值、吸水率和谷蛋白指数。适宜的储藏方式如气调储藏、低温储藏、热处理方法对于保证小麦的营养品质和加工品质至关重要。本研究结果为选育和栽培优质小麦提供理论参考和技术指导。     

四川近十年小麦主栽品种的品质状况

近20年来,品质改良是西南冬麦区小麦育种的主要目标之一。本研究目的是了解四川省小麦主栽品种的品质现状,尤其是评价近年新育成的人工合成小麦(SHW)衍生品种的品质表现和育种价值。2011-2013连续3年,选择近10年审定并广泛应用于生产的10个代表性品种进行多环境试验,测定籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、降落值、出粉率、籽粒发芽指数,以及粉质仪和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)参数。所测品质参数均存在显著的基因型、环境和二者互作效应,其中反映蛋白质数量和质量的多数性状环境效应大于基因型效应,而反映淀粉质量的降落值和RVA参数则基因型效应更大。参试品种蛋白质含量11.7%~14.0%,湿面筋含量22.0%~29.3%,沉淀值21.4~35.1mL,降落值147~363s,面团稳定时间1.7~12.1min,峰值黏度1056~2670 cP。SHW衍生品种中川麦104总体表现优异,其平均沉淀值30.3 mL,降落值325 s,面团稳定时间9.8 min,最终黏度2796 cP;而绵麦367品质较差,上述指标分别为24.6 mL、147 s、2.2 min和827 cP。参试品种的平均生理成熟期籽粒发芽指数为0.31,变幅0.06~0.76,品种之间差异显著,其中以川麦104最低。本研究表明,西南冬麦区小麦品种品质改良潜力较大,川麦104可作为协同改良产量和品质的育种亲本。     

发芽小麦籽粒不同部位的α——淀粉酶活力

本试验用降落值差法和比色法测定了小麦发芽籽粒不同部位的α—淀粉酶活力。结果表明,在小麦籽粒发芽过程中,随着发茅程度的加重,α—淀粉酶以胚端为中心由近及远地逐渐向其他部位扩展,酶活水平相应地逐渐提高。     

影响发芽小麦粉粘度值的因素及改善效果的研究

文章阐述了影响发芽小麦Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ最高粘度值的因素及改善芽麦份品质的方法,并通过中心组合设计,采用响 应面分析法,得到了最高粘度值与发芽时间和芽麦率之间的无雹二次回归方程又通过多种因素的正交试验自理发芽小麦,由直观分析得到面份中添加抑制剂是影响最高粘度值的主要因素,是改善品质的最有效途径,并同时获得多因素的最佳工艺条件。最后采用添加抑制剂的方法处理发芽小麦面粉,通过多项式回归最高粘度值与抑制     

2011年河南省仓储小麦品质状况研究

通过对仓库存储的2011年新收获的27份小麦样品进行检测,分析其籽粒品质及面团流变学特性,结果表明,2011年仓储小麦中,100%的小麦样品容重达到三等及以上,59.26%的小麦样品籽粒粗蛋白质含量在14.0%以上,22.22%的小麦样品湿面筋含量在32.0%以上,40.74%的小麦样品稳定时间在7.0min以上,88.89%小麦样品的降落数值在300s以上,达到优质小麦-强筋小麦品质标准(GB/T17892-1999)的规定。     

常规库存条件下春小麦种子发芽能力随贮藏年限的变化研究

分析常规库存条件下,贮藏春小麦种子发芽能力变化特点,为春小麦种子长时间贮藏提供实践依据。试验用15份春小麦材料,连续测定了2009—2017年间的发芽势和发芽率,并对种子的发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化进行分析。研究表明,小麦种子在常规库存条件下,发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的增加逐年降低,发芽势的年降速率快于发芽率的年降速率;小麦品种间发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化存在差异性;同一小麦品种,会受到品种和收获环境互作效应的影响,在不同环境下种植与收获,发芽势和发芽率随贮藏年限的变化会有不同。由此认为在检测库存小麦种子发芽力时,应按照不同贮藏年限、不同品种、同一品种不同来源等,对种子分批逐个检测,不能随意替代。     

Effects of desiccation and a change in temperature on germination of immature grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A study was made of the effects of desiccation and a change in temperature on the germination of wheat grains harvested 20 days after anthesis. When the germination test was performed immediately after harvesting, germination percentages ranged from 5.2% to 10.7%. Germination percentages increased to 48.2% to 90.3% after grain had been desiccated at 20 °C and then hydrated at 10 °C. This increase occurred even if grains had been desiccated in an atmosphere of high relative humidity. The germination percentage of non-desiccated grains depended on the germination temperature. When the pericarp and testa were removed from embryos, the germination percentage of grains incubated at 20 °C and then at 10 °C was higher than that of grains incubated at 10 °C. In general, a low germination temperature is believed to be effective in breaking dormancy of wheat grains. However, a change in temperature stimulated germination to a greater extent than a constant low temperature. The germination percentage of 5-day cycle alternating temperature was greater than that with 1-day, 2-day and 10-day cycles. Although the germination of immature wheat grains was stimulated by both high and low germination temperatures, it is likely that cycles shorter and, also, longer than a critical period induce limited germination. Loss of dormancy commonly occurs when development of wheat grains proceeds at a high temperature, with imbibition at a low temperature. However, germination ability of non-desiccated immature wheat grain was enhanced by a change in temperature during germination. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

白皮小麦收获前穗发芽及品种抗性机制探讨

对４８个白皮小麦种质及２个红皮小麦种质连续３年测定结果,品种间收获前穗发芽率,籽粒发芽率及收获后种子休眠特性差异显著。穗发芽敏感性因年份和种子发育时期而异,开花后３５－４０天较敏感,品种间差异大。休眠期长短与穗发芽率间呈极显著负相关。收获后的种子α－淀粉酶活性,降落值,与穗发芽率间分别呈极显著正相关和极显著负相关。     

Effect of Storage Conditions on Germination in Wheat

The percentage germination was determined for storage of wheat at four grain moisture contents (15, 18, 21 and 24 %), four temperature levels (4, 15, 25 and 40°C) and three levels of mechanical damage (0, 15 and 30 %). The effect of each level of moisture was investigated using three replicates for each temperature and each level of mechanical damage. During storage, at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % dry matter loss (DML), germination tests were carried out on samples taken from each of the above treatments. The percentage germination was compared statistically amongst treatments. The analysis showed significant differences among most of the treatments. The percentage germination decreased very slowly at a low moisture level (15 %), low temperature (4°C) and low level of damage (0 %), while it decreased rapidly at a high moisture level (24 %), high temperature (40°C) and high level of damage (30 %). For example, the percentage germination was 41 % when the wheat was stored at 4°C, 15 % mechanical damage and 24 % moisture content after a storage time of 36.5 days, while the percentage germination was 88.3 % when the wheat was stored at 4°C, 15 % mechanical damage and 15 % moisture content after a storage time of 104 days.     

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Pre-sowing osmotic seed treatments were evaluated as a means of improving water uptake and germination performance of wheat ( Triticum durum L. cv. Hourani-27) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ACSAD 176) under four levels of water potential (0, –0.4, –0.8 and –1.2 MPa) created by using polyethylene glycol 8000. Seeds were osmoprimed in aerated solutions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 M KCl at 24 ± 2°C overnight and then rinsed and dried. Rate of water uptake by seeds was higher in osmoprimed than untreated seeds of both crops regardless of the water potential level. Decreasing water potential (more stress) adversely affected rate of water uptake in seeds of both crops. Seeds osmopriming increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination at high water potentials (low stress), whereas the germination at low water potentials (more stress) was not affected by osmopriming treatments. The effect of osmopriming on rate of water uptake, germination percentage, and time to 50% germination was more pronounced in wheat than in barley. Reduction in the lag time of imbibition may be accounted for in part by some germination rate enhancement in the osmopriming treatments. Fresh weight and length of shoots (plumules) and roots (radicles) were enhanced in osmoprimed seeds in comparison to untreated seeds, in both crops at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4 MPa). As water potential in the medium decreased, these traits were inversely affected regardless of osmopriming treatment. Longer roots in wheat compared to barley were noted in the positive osmopriming treatments at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4). These results might indicate that wheat is more responsive than barley at relatively high water potentials to osmopriming through rapid penetrating root system.     

小麦种子萌发过程贮藏蛋白变化及其与活力关系的研究

选用烟农19与郑麦9023为材料，采用A-PAGE和SDS—PAGE电泳方法，研究了新、陈小麦种子萌发过程贮藏蛋白质的变化及降解速度，结果表明，高活力种子醇溶蛋白变化明显，降解较快，低活力种子醇溶蛋白变化不大，且降解迟缓：高活力种子与低活力种子的谷蛋白降解速度变化均不明显。本研究认为，通过种子萌发过程中贮藏蛋白质电泳图谱分析，可以直观地判断小麦种子的活力水平，其中通过醇溶蛋白电泳图谱判断更好。     

河北省小麦重要农艺性状的KASP标记检测

为了将分子标记技术尽快应用到小麦育种工作中,利用高通量KASP(Kompetitive allele specific PCR)标记检测了河北省153份审定小麦品种的光周期、春化、株高、粒重、穗发芽、抗旱和抗病相关基因.结果表明在Ppd-B1和Ppd-D1光周期位点分别检测到24个和5个光周期不敏感品种.Vrn-D1b...