边界病研究进展

边界病(border disease,BD)是由边界病毒(BDV)引起绵羊和山羊的一种病毒性疾病,临床症状表现为母羊不孕、流产和死胎,以及羔羊体型异常,多毛,震颤,因此又称"多毛震颤病","茸毛症".该病的主要传播途径是垂直传播,持续性感染的羔羊是该疾病在绵羊中传播的潜在主要传染源.山羊相对绵羊感染症状相对较轻,主要表...     

山羊流产病的流行病学调查

山羊流产病的流行病学调查符文英（执笔）马毓寿，汪玮，李黎（互助县畜牧兽医站，８１０５００）白永清，张世龚（巴扎乡兽医站）（加定乡兽医站）互助县北山地区有巴扎、加定二乡，共１４个行政村（其中巴扎８个、加定６个），是本县山羊生产基地。自７０年代以来，该区...     

边界病

边界病段宏安（中国连云港动植物检疫局，江苏２２２０４２边界病（ＢｏｒｄｅｒＢｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＢＤ）是由边界病病毒引起的，主要侵害绵羊的一种传染病，以新生羔羊体表出现茸毛状胎毛（ｈａｉｒｙｂｉｒｔｈｃｏａｔ）、持续节律性震颤以及中枢神经髓鞘缺失或异常为特...     

重庆市部分地区牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病血清流行病学调查

为了解牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病（BVD／MD）的流行情况,从重庆市辖区内11个区县（自治县）采集奶牛、黄牛、水牛血清共;369头份,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测BVD／MD抗体。结果从9个区县（自治县）检测出阳性样品,阳性率介于8．33％～50．00％之间,总阳性率为22．49％;规模奶牛场、散养奶牛、散养黄牛、散养水牛的阳性率分别为42．16％、9．62％、21．31％、9．76％。提示该病在我市各种牛群中存在,污染较广,应引起重视。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市部分地区羊衣原体病流行病学调查

从内蒙古呼伦贝尔市6个旗市区10个乡镇苏木养殖户随机采集羊血清样品1360份,采用间接血凝试验(IHA),进行羊衣原体病抗体检测。结果表明,在局部地区羊群均程度不同地存在衣原体感染,阳性检出率为7.57%。     

2018年河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况调查

为了解河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌感染情况,2018年以河南省未免疫布鲁氏菌病疫苗的羊群为研究对象,开展羊群布鲁氏菌病血清学普查,共对1 830个场群的59 462份血清样品进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测,并对结果进行空间、群间分布分析。结果显示：河南省羊群布鲁氏菌感染抗体平均场群阳性率为3.93%,个体阳性率为1.24%;豫西地区场群流行率和个体流行率均最高,分别为12.31%和6.43%,豫东地区最低,分别为0.55%和0.04%;散养户的场群阳性率和个体阳性率均最高,分别为7.53%和2.17%,而羊屠宰场和交易市场中未检出阳性。结果表明：豫西地区以及散养户羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况较为严重,应采取全面免疫的防控措施,降低该地的布鲁氏菌病流行率;豫东、豫南地区和种羊场等流行率较低的地区和场点,可采取检测、扑杀等措施,逐步实现净化目标;羊屠宰场和交易市场虽然无阳性检出,但应继续加强监测,防止病菌交叉传播。通过本次河南省未免疫羊群普查,基本掌握了全省未免疫羊群的布鲁氏菌病流行状况,从而为全省羊群布鲁氏菌病防控提供了重要的参考数据。     

江苏地区猪圆环病毒2型流行病学调查

应用复合PCR方法,对江苏地区的162份可疑病料进行了检测,结果72份病料为PCV2阳性,17份为PCV1阳性,其中7份同时感染PCV1和PCV2。从发病时间看,以9~11月发病最多,阳性率高达54.67%。样品较多的保育猪和育肥猪的阳性率分别是26.03%和68.12%。通过流行病学调查,表明该病已在江苏地区呈流行趋势。同时对18头PCV2阳性猪病料的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结、扁桃体进行PCV2检测,结果有7头PCV2阳性猪的各个脏器都能检测出PCV2;在这些脏器中,肺、腹股沟淋巴结、扁桃体的检出率都为100%,较其他受检脏器更适合作为PCV2的检测样品。     

重庆部分地区山羊场蓝舌病流行情况调查

为了调查重庆地区山羊场蓝舌病（BT）的流行情况,本研究应用RT-nested PCR检测方法,对2020～2023年重庆市6个区县的1 771份山羊全血样品进行检测,结果显示：BTV的总样品阳性率为6.2%(109/1 771),酉阳的样品阳性率为11.1%(36/325),荣昌的样品阳性率为9.6%(29/303),武隆的样品阳性率为1.1%(2/183),石柱的样品阳性率为3.8%(13/344),彭水的样品阳性率为2.9%(9/310),长寿的样品阳性率为6.5%(20/306)。本调查结果为重庆地区山羊场的BTV防控工作提供了科学依据。     

贵州省山羊蠕形螨病流行病学调查

对贵州省10个地（市）山羊蠕形螨病的流行情况进行了调查，并对山羊蠕形螨病的发病规律、临床症状、病理变化进行了观察和分析，根据其流行规律提出了防制该病的措施。     

羊口蹄疫免疫程序初探

采用间接血凝试验对在不同时间、使用不同剂量疫苗加强免疫的羊进行血清抗体测定 ,以建立和探讨羊口蹄疫 (FMD)的免疫方法和程序。试验将羊随机分成A ,B ,C ,D 4组。A组在首免后第 1 5天加强免疫 ,B ,C ,D组在首免后第 2 5天加强免疫 ,4个组的免疫剂量分别为 2 0 ,1 5 ,2 0和 2 5mL/只。在首免的第 0 ,1 1 ,2 1 ,31 ,41 ,55 ,70 ,90和 1 2 0天采血 ,检测血清中的抗体水平。B ,C ,D 3组的抗体效价显著地高于A组 (P <0 0 5) ,且持续时间较长。在B ,C ,D 3组之间 ,C组抗体效价显著地高于B组和D组 (P <0 0 5)。结果表明羊口蹄疫的最佳免疫程序为 :首免后 2 5d加强免疫 ,剂量为 2 0mL/只。     

Influence of communal alpine pasturing on the spread of pestiviruses among sheep and goats in Austria: first identification of border disease virus in Austria

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of communal Alpine pasturing on the spread of pestivirus infections among sheep and goats. The study included 481 sheep from 23 farms and 131 goats from 26 farms pastured on separated Alpine meadows in the western part of Austria. At the starting of pasturing on the sheep meadow, 325 (67.6%) animals were seropositive, on the goat meadows in 16 (12.2%) samples antibodies to pestiviruses were detected. At the end of pasturing, 74 seronegative sheep and two seronegative goats had seroconverted. Between the beginning and the end of pasturing the seroprevalence in sheep increased significantly from 67.6% to 83% (P<0.05). Moreover, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four sheep, pestivirus-specific RNA was detected before as well as after pasturing; these animals remained serologically negative throughout the investigation. They were, therefore, identified as persistently infected. Sequence analysis in the N(pro) region revealed that the detected pestiviruses were the same at genetic level and they were grouped into the Border disease virus (BDV)-3 genotype. No pestivirus RNA was found in goat samples. The results of this survey indicate that communal Alpine pasturing does play a key role in the spread of BDV. Moreover, BDV has been identified and characterized for the first time in sheep in Austria, which until then had been regarded as being free from BD.     

Identification and molecular characterization of border disease virus (BDV) from sheep in India

Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5′-UTR, N^pro and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in N^pro and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the N^pro (168), C (100 aa), E^rns (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production.     

Clinical and laboratorial findings in pregnant ewes and their progeny infected with Border disease virus (BDV-4 genotype)

To evaluate the pathogenicity of local isolates of ovine pestiviruses (BDV-4 genotype), 13 virus- and antibody-negative, artificially inseminated pregnant ewes were challenged on days 108 (5 ewes), 76 (5 ewes) and 55 of pregnancy (3 ewes) with 2 ml of ovine pestivirus containing 10⁶ TCID₅₀. Viraemia was detected by RT-PCR from 2 to 15 days pi in most ewes. No abortion due to the infection was observed but the number of stillbirths was high (32%), and bodyweight at lambing was significantly reduced compared to the experimental flock of origin used as control. Clinical symptoms in live lambs consisted on tremors, gait anomalies and inability to stand unaided. Skeletal abnormalities (brachygnathia, prognathia, arthrogryposis) were present in 44% of the lambs. Only 20% of the lambs were clinically normal. RT-PCR was a very sensitive technique compared to antigen ELISA in detecting viral presence in experimentally infected ewes and their progeny.     

猪病毒性腹泻分子流行病学调查

为了解近年来中国猪病毒性腹泻的发生现状,于2011年4月至2012年4月利用多重RT-PCR方法对采集于13个省市的猪腹泻样品和临床健康的样品进行了检测,结果显示,腹泻猪群样品中TGEV阳性率为2.65%,PEDV阳性率为24.49%,ARV阳性率为3.20%;在肠道组织样品中,TGEV的阳性率为3.11%,PEDV为14.83%,ARV为1.67%;粪便样品中,TGEV的阳性率为2.80%,PEDV为28.42%,ARV为4.86%;母猪(所产仔猪腹泻)乳汁中,TGEV阳性率为1.08%,PEDV为31.89%,ARV为0.54%。健康猪群样品中,保育与育肥阶段猪中PEDV阳性率为2.13%,ARV阳性率为1.42%;哺乳仔猪中ARV阳性率为12.86%。由此可知,目前中国猪病毒性腹泻以PED为主要病因,PEDV和TGEV在幼龄猪群中存在隐性感染现象,且3种病毒性腹泻均可通过母乳传播病毒。     

2004年黑龙江省新城疫病毒分子流行病学分析

2004年从黑龙江省部分鸡场疑似新城疫(ND)病死鸡和鸽体内分离到9株NDV。对这9株NDV生物学特性进行测定,并对其F基因包括裂解位点在内的540bp片段进行了克隆、测序和同源性分析。结果表明,9株NDV鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)和1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)分别在47.8h～78.4h和1.51～2.00之间;8个分离株在F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸顺序为112RRQKRF117,1个分离株F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸顺序为112RRQRRF117,表明了它们全为ND中、强毒株。同源性分析显示,9株NDV分离株之间核苷酸与推导的氨基酸同源性分别为79.7%～99.7%和79.8%～100%;系统发生树分析表明,6株分离株与台湾株(TW98、TW99和TW2000等)遗传距离较近,可能有共同的起源,为基因Ⅶe型NDV,2株为鸽源NDV基因Ⅵ型,1株与我国特有的F48E9遗传距离最近,为基因Ⅸ型NDV。     

江苏规模化奶牛场BVD与IBR流行病学调查

为了解江苏地区规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)及牛病毒性腹泻病(BVD)流行与分布情况,采用商品化酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒对来自江苏省7个市和不同地区的13个大型规模化奶牛养殖场共540份血清中IBRV抗体进行检测,采用商品化ELISA试剂盒对来自江苏省5个市和不同地区的11个大型规模化奶牛养殖场共460份血清中BVDV抗体进行检测,同时从中随机采集100份血清样本,采用巢式逆转录聚合酶链式反应(nRTPCR)进行BVDV抗原检测与基因分型。结果表明:不同牛场的BHV-Ⅰ抗体阳性率为0%~82.1%%,平均阳性率为21.1%(114/540);不同牛场的BVDV抗体阳性率为0%~98%,平均阳性率为51.5%(237/460);不同牛场的BVDV抗原阳性率为0%~100%,平均阳性率为55%(55/100);对相应样本的BVDV抗原与抗体检测结果进行比较表明,抗原~+/抗体~+牛占40%(40/100),抗原~+/抗体~-牛占15%(15/100),抗原~-/抗体~-牛占35%(35/100),抗原~-/抗体~+牛占10%(10/100);基因分型结果显示,BVDV-Ⅰ型占11%(6/55),BVDV-Ⅱ型为78%(43/55),Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型混合感染占11%(6/55),未发现BVDV-Ⅲ型。研究表明,BVDV和BHV-Ⅰ在江苏省主要规模奶牛场普遍流行,但不同地区、不同牛场的阳性率存在明显差异,大部分牛场均能检测出抗原~+/抗体~-的持续感染牛,BVDV含基因Ⅰ、Ⅱ型,但主要以Ⅱ型感染为主。     

我国部分地区新城疫病毒的流行现状分析

从近年来由我国不同地区、不同宿主分离到的新城疫病毒(NDV)野外分离株中,选取其中具有代表性的16株,用RT PCR技术扩增其F基因重要的功能区片段,进一步进行克隆和序列测定.参照国内外已发表的部分毒株的F基因序列,构建了59株NDV的遗传进化树,分析其毒株间的遗传进化关系.序列分析表明,所扩增的目的片段长度为535bp,所分离的毒株在分裂位点的氨基酸顺序为112R-R-Q/R-K/R-R-F117,均相当于NDV的强毒株.通过遗传进化树分析表明,16株分离株中有13株为基因Ⅶ型NDV,说明目前基因Ⅶ型NDV所引起的新城疫在国内呈流行趋势.