A FAST ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL SIMULATTON OF HVDC SYSTEMS

After considering the features of the differential equations which have described the dynamic behaviours of HVDC systems, a fast algori -thm is presented for these equations. Compared with the fourth Runge-Kutta Method,this method has less amount of calculation with the same precision, numerical stability and other properties. Therefore, the use of the method has greatly increased the speed of the digital simulation of HVDC systems.In this paper an example of calculation is given, and the results obtained hv using this example are compared with the results obtained by calculating with the fourth Runge-Kutta Method. The speed of simulation by using this method is about 1.8 timss as fast as that by using the fourth Runge-Kutta Method.     

The Element Flexibility Matrix of Thin-walled Beam and Its Application

In this paper, the calculation of the space deformation of thin-walled element by "dynamic coordinate method" is explained in detail through an example. The thin-walled element with different shear-centers on one section is analyzed and calculated by this method as well, then, the element flexibility matrix is presented. Some difficulties in calculation of thin-walled structures with "plane bending theory" and "constrict twist theory" are overcome, showing the advantages of this method.     

A CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS FOR GENERATOR OUTAGE

A method of generation distribution factor which considers the frequency charcteristic for power system contingency evaluation is presented. The method reasonably considers the influence of frequency change caused by generator outage on load flow distribution. An example its given, and its result shows that the method not only ensures the fast speed for generator outage simulation, but also improves the calculation accuracy in power system contingency evaluation.     

A New Method of Second-Order Analysis of Thin-wall Member

In this paper, based on the theory of the rotation of a cross section around a fixed axis, a new calculation method of second-order stress of space stability for thin wall member is applied. The example given in this paper shows that the conception of this new method of second order analysis is clear and the calculation procedure is concise.     

Analysis on Foundation Pit Deformation of a Commercial Building in Hangzhou

The foundation pit deformation of a commercial building in Hangzhou is calculated by using calculation method related to foundation pit deformation. The calculation results by m method show that the maximum deformation is 29.2mm and the real maximum deformation is 174.6mm. The deformation character obtained by foundation coefficient method is different from the real deformation. There are lots of factors influencing foundation deformation. According to practical engineering condition, in this study, the influencing factors for soil parameters, bracing condition, condition for insertion of retaining wall into soil and construction speed are determined. The calculation method used is analyzed and modified. Finally, a useful and valid method for calculating foundation deformation is presented, by which the foundation pit deformation in practical project can be forecasted and analyzed.     

Analysis and Application of Creep External Uncertainty in Practice

Based on the measured data from the construction site, the prediction uncertainty of the CEB FIP MC90 due to the variation of the calculation parameters (i.e. the external uncertainty) and their sensitivity are analyzed with the help of statistical method and Latin Hypercube sampling method. Three conclusions can be deduced from the analysis. Those are a)the external uncertainty and its decreasing rate of the CEB FIP MC90 reduce with the time increasing, b)the creep coefficient increases with the increasing temperature while decreases with the increase of other calculation parameters, c)in accordance with the degrees of effect to the creep uncertainty, the first three calculation parameters are relative humidity, loading age and temperature, if the variation of the loading age is not taken into acount, the uncertainty of the creep pridection will be underestimated. Also, a method to analyze the uncertainty of the bridge structure due to the creep prediction uncertainty is proposed after the creep uncertain factor, which is the standard of the uncertainty of the creep, is introduced. An exmaple is analyzed in this paper using the random sampling method and the method presented in this paper. Through drawing a comparison between the results from different methods, the method presented in this paper appears to be feasible and efficient.     

A New Dynamic Method for Calculating NPV

NPV have been widely applied. A majority of the existing calculating methods of cash flow are the static method or the expectation method. It is more reasonable to regard future cash flow as random variable which has certain probability distribution, which shifts with time. But the research about it has been introduced rarely. Through introducing some kinds of existing methods and considering the feature of Markov method, a dynamic method which is used in solved the distributing of indeterminate feature cash flow is showed. So a new kind of dynamic calculation method about NPV is obtained. The method is applied in the calculation to future cash flow of the certain highway investment project of China. The result shows that this method is feasible, effective.     

Effective Thermal Conductivity of a New Material of Graphite Foam Based on Fractal Theory

The new material of graphite foam is a good thermal-conductivity material. With fractal theory, the fractal character of this novel porous material is discussed. Then a thermal-conductivity model of graphite foam is proposed. The relationship formula of effective thermal conductivity is presented by using thermal resistance method. The volume fractal dimension and effective thermal conductivity of this material are calculated. This new method for calculation is significant for porous material.     

养分平衡法配方施肥数据库建模

【研究目的】养分平衡法是一种重要的配方施肥方法,在进行施肥决策时,需要依赖大量的施肥参数进行计算,所以建立数据库对施肥参数进行有效地管理是一项非常重要的工作。【结果】笔者给出了养分平衡法简洁的计算公式,采用实体-关系建模的方法确定了8个实体对象和12个关系对象,并绘制了完整的实体-关系图。【结论】本文的分析对于其他配方施肥方法的参数管理同样具有参考意义。     

Solution for One-Dimensional Contaminant Diffusion in Layered Clayey Soils Using Laplace Transforms

Contaminant diffusion in layered soil is very complex. The diffusion process is simplified as a one-dimensional diffusion mode. The Laplace transformation and Laplace numerical inverse transformation are adopted. The proposed solution can be degraded to a single layer case. The obtained results are well consistent with those obtained by the classic theory. The correctness of the presented solution is verified by comparing the calculation results with the results generated by existing numerical software. One case study is conducted and the calculation results have a good agreement with measured data, which prove the reliability of the proposed method. The presented method can be used to solve more complex boundary conditions of contaminant migration.     

A Stress Path Damage Constitutive Model for Sang

A hypothesis that the skeleton deformation of sand is only the deformation of the interfaces of grains, and the deformation characteristics including nonlinearity, plastic deformation and shear dilation are controlled by the sliding of interfaces of grains within skeleton, is presented.The contact between grains is classified as perfect contact and sliding contact in this paper.In the elastic deformation phase, the contact between grains is regarded as perfect contact.With the increase of shear stress, there are gradual conversions from perfect contacts to sliding contacts which are viewed of damages in this paper.Based on Mohr Coulomb law, a calculation method for the damage ratio is given according to the relative distance of the stress point to the initial damage line and failure line.On this basis, a damage constitutive model is proposed.The model properties can be conveniently obtained through conventional triaxial compression test and constant stress ratio consolidation test.Test results indicate that the model is capable of predicting deformation behavior for various conditions, including varying consolidation conditions and stress paths.     

AN ACCELERATION SEARCH METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION

In order to improve the convergence rate of the algorithms, an acceleration search method along a straight or curve is proposed,and the specific calculation steps of the algorithms are presented. The numerical results in model parameter estimation show that the convergence rate is improved and the calculation accords with the practical demands.     

ANTICIPATED FAIIURE ANALYSIS OF HVAC/DC HYBRID SYSTEMS

A method of anticipated failure analysis(AFA)in HV AC/DC hybrid systems is presented in this paper for the first time. In this method node-injection-power is used to simulate outage states of AC/DC branch circuits, linked with the fast decoupled load flow, to obtain the load flow solutions after the anticipated failures. An example for calculation in this paper shows the effectiveness and correctness of this method and computer programs.     

Optimal calculation method of stabilizing force for anti slide piles

A new efficient method named matrix method is presented based on the traditional calculation methods of stabilizing force. The method is derived from the thrust force method and designed to address the deficiency of traditional method. It cannot only get the best pile location with minimum stabilizing force when is applied to the design calculation of single row anti slide piles, but also be applied to the optimal calculation of multi row anti slide piles. The cases comparing results show the method is more reasonable. For major projects of landslide control, the combination of matrix method and finite element method can make the result safer and more accurate.     

A New Method for First-Order Analysis of Thin-Wall Member

Based on the calculation procedure of dynamic coordinate method, the examples in this paper prove, that the first-order stress of thin-wall member is easily calculated with the new method and that a new method of first-order analysis is easily comprehended.     

COMPUTER ALDED DESIGN OF FORMING CUTTER FOR REVISING INVOLUTE HELICAL

In this paper, a calculation method of forming cutter contour of involute helical with arbitrary easement is presented, the segmantal arcs of the best uniform approximation and tolerance to fit smoothly the cutter contour points are used the profile on the cross section of the helical is calculated and the design of the cutter is examined. The method can be used to design precision forming cutter of involute helical with the arbitrary easement. It is valuable in engineering application.     

A NEW TESTABILITY MEASURE OF DIGITAL CIRCUITS

A new scoap-like testability measure SCTM(a signal conflict oriented testability meaure) is presented, which represents not only the difficulty to control and observe the value of a node,but also the probability to cause signal conflict in the process of test generation. A parallel calculation scheme is offered, which speeds up the calculation m/2 times. Here m is the word length of a computer.     

Limitation and improvement of the equivalent capacity method for calculating the energy loss of distribution networks

Through the analysis of the equivalent resistance method, a limitation of the equivalent capacity method was presented. When the direction of power at the feeder source end was changing, the equivalent capacity method for handling small generations would produce a large power loss calculation error. An improved calculation method, one not based on a single equivalent resistance, was proposed. In this method, one day was divided into several periods (such as 24 h), so that the direction of power at the feeder source end for each period does not vary. The equivalent resistance and energy loss in each period were calculated. The sum of all energy losses provided the daily energy loss total. Numerical examples were used to verify the improved method.     

Study on ES Based Generation System Planning

Based on the analysis of expert experience on generation system planning(GPS), the theory of knowledge based method is introduced into GPS to express the constraints of engineering(viz. Expert experience of engineering), and to discard abundant improper program during the earlier stage of GPS. In this situation, the difficulty degree of optimizing calculation in the later stage of GPS is lessened. And then, integrating expert system with production simulation in a method of GPS is proposed and is verified with an example. The results show that the method presented is effective.     

A STRUCTURAL NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC STABILITY AND A MATRIX FUNCTION METNOD

This paper presents a mathematical and mechanic model for non-linear dynamicstability analysis of structures on the basis of Liapunov's stability criteria. Due to the complexityand difficulty in numerical calculation,a matrix function to this type of stability problems is selectedand the programing formulations are derived.Applying the method to beam or frame structures un-der the axial period loadings,the geometric non-linear dynamic stability results are obtained.Fromthe results,the basic characteristics of this type of probtems,especially the non-linear effect areshown.The model and matrix function method are valtiable both in theory and in practice for struc-tural non-linear dynamic stability.