Effects of Cement Additives on Properties of CSA Cement from MSWI

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI) was successfully used as raw material in sintering and preparing a calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker in laboratory. The effects of different types and different addition percentages of cement additives on compressive strength and hydration properties were investigated. The results showed that lime (LI) powder / slag (SL) powder was compatible in CSA cement system while the activities of fly ash(FA)/ MSWI was low. Adding these four types of cement additives in CSA cement system respectively, there were negative effects on compressive strengths of hardened cement at early age while LI/SL improved the compressive strength at later age. The performance of combined additives was better, especially, the specimens with 10%LI+10%SL, 10%LI+10%MSWI, and 5%LI+15%SL.     

Watermarking algorithm based on Her transform

Without natural lime stone, clay, shale and sandstone, with the mass fracrion of demolition concrete in raw meal up to 95%~99%, along with ordinary calcining process, the cement clinkers (hereinafter called recycled clinkers for short) were produced. Experiments and analysis were employed to compare these recycled clinkers with the cement clinker which was manufactured by natural lime stone and sandstone. It is shown that the two types of clinkers have completely the same positions of characteristic peaks of XRD; the clinker minerals of recycled clinkers are formed normally; the two clinkers have similar chemical composition, and the rate value design of recycled clinkers are more likely to higher calcium and lower silicon; the content of f-CaO of recycled clinkers meets the requirements of soundness; the 3d strength of cements produced by recycled clinkers reaches the requirements of 42.5 grade Portland cement, and the 28d strength reaches the requirements of 52.5 grade.     

A Study on Alkali_Aggregate Reaction of Alkali_Clinker_Slag Cement Concrete

AAR expansion ratios of alkali_clinker_slag(ACS)cement mortars are studied by mortar bar test.The influences of the sort of alkalis and the content of clinker on AAR expansion ratio of ACS cement mortars are analysed.On the basis of above mentioned,the mechanism of AAR in ACS cement system is discussed.     

A Primary Investigation on Concrete Made from Iron and Steel Slags for Building Ecological Artifical Reefs

A method of orthogonal test was used to optimize the strength of the cementitious material for preparing the concrete of high-strength artifical reefs.The results show that with the ratio of iron slag:steel slag=7:1,and when 10% cement clinker and 10% gypsum of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste (FGDW) was mixed with 80% iron and steel slags powder,the mixed cementitious material had an optimized strength.The optimized specific surface area are 480 m 2/kg and 550 m 2/kg for iron slag and steel slag powder respectively.The ordinary portland cement can be totally substituted by such a mixed cementitious material with iron and steel slags as its major components in preparing the concrete for building high-strength artificial reefs.A concrete with a compressive strengh over 65MPa can be prepared by using such a mixture as a cementitious material and steel slag grains as its fine and coarse aggregats which have been stubilized by a hot-simmering method. Hydration processes of net slurry were analysized by XRD and SEM methods. The results show that the hydration products in the system are mainly AFt and C-S-H gel. The results also show that the pozzolanic reaction of iron slags could be largely promoted by the coordinations of steel slags,clinker and FGDW.     

Technology of Mixing High Property Concrete with Large Dosage Fly Ash

Being the largest mass of man-maded material, concrete demands much to resource and energy as well as affects much to environment. Whether concrete can be the dominating constructive material, the key is whether it can become green material and protect the environment at the same time. The important approach of developing is using industrial castoff largely in concrete. The tests note, that high performance concrete used of large mass of fly ash is doable. By grinding fly ash and adding high-efficient water reducer, when the dosage of cement clinker is only 25% and the dosage of fly ash is 70%, concrete with a good workability that 3 day and 28 day strength are bigger than 20 MPa and 50 MPa respectively can be achieved, which later strength develop very well. The large mass of fly ash concrete can utilize fly ash largely and reduce the dosage of clinker, that is very advantageous to protect environmental.     

THE ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT TREND OF CEMENT CONCRETE

Cement concrete is the building material which is widely and lar-gely used.Congenital deficiency of cement concrete is brittleness.Adding a little polymer into cement concrete can improve its brittleness and function and even provide concrete with new function.This is an organized development trend of cement concrete.     

基于桃木屑的配方与工艺对平菇生长的影响

研究不同桃木屑配方和栽培工艺对平菇生长的影响,为桃木屑的资源化利用提供依据。以棉籽壳和玉米芯(1:1)配方为对照,以添加55%和70%桃木屑配方结合熟料和发酵料短时高温（简称发酵料）制棒工艺,研究了平菇灰美2号种植过程中的基质理化性质、木质纤维素及相关酶活变化,以及添加桃木屑对平菇子实体农艺性状和品质的影响。以桃木屑为主料配方的培养料后期含水量损失较多,发酵料工艺培养料的pH、灰分、含氮量略高于熟料;添加桃木屑的培养料纤维素酶活和木聚糖酶活显著提高,采用发酵工艺的培养料在菌丝满袋至一潮菇期表现出较高的漆酶活性。平菇单朵重以熟料工艺大于发酵料工艺,菌盖直径以添加桃木屑的配方大于对照配方。菌盖厚度、菌柄直径、单朵纵横经在不同配方和工艺中变化不大,结合单朵重、分支数、菌盖直径等农艺指标以添加55%桃木屑熟料工艺的S-5配方表现较好;添加55%桃木屑的配方采用熟料和发酵料两种工艺均获得了较高的一、二潮菇产量,生物转化效率分别为63.1%和60.1%;添加桃木屑至70%时,采用两种工艺一、二潮菇产量都有所下降,分别下降18.7%和28.6%。两种工艺不同配方的子实体粗蛋白差异不大,含量范围为19%~21%,桃木屑配方可以明显提高子实体总氨基酸含量,添加桃木屑至70%时还可以明显提高子实体的粗脂肪含量。添加桃木屑55%的配方以熟料或发酵料短时高温工艺制作平菇菌棒均可获得较为理想的产量和品质。     

An efficient method for screening seed colour in Ethiopian mustard using visible reflectance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Summary Seed colour is considered as an important breeding objective in Ethiopian mustard and other Brassica species, but its measurement is usually subjective rather than objective. For this reason we studied the potential of visible reflectance spectroscopy (VRS) combined with factorial analysis and multivariate calibration to predict seed colour in seeds of Ethiopian mustard. A total of 8331 samples were screened in the range 400–2500 nm with a near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) spectrophotometer. A common factor analysis was performed using 1148 samples and spectral data from 400 to 700 nm. It was found that four common factors explained 99.9% of the variance. Three of these factors were associated with colour characteristics of the seeds. Factor 1 separated yellow, yellow-brown and brown seeded samples, factor 3 separated brown from reddish-brown samples and factor 4 separated complete yellow from greenish-yellow samples. Calibration equations were developed for each factor, which allowed seed colour in those samples not included in factor analysis to be predicted. This study demonstrated that seed colour prediction can be incorporated into NIRS routine analysis with instruments that incorporate the visible spectral region.     

稻谷保鲜储藏技术应用研究

根据华南地区高温高湿气候特点,研究华南亚热带气温储存稻谷对其品质劣变的影响;利用冬季低温机械通风、仓顶水泥压盖泡沫隔热、胶膜密闭保温、双料隔热保温门、采取遮光网遮光、仓顶自动喷淋降温对稻谷保鲜的影响,提出了解决延缓稻谷品质劣变的经济有效途径。     

高粱胚乳性状的遗传研究

本文报道了高粱胚乳3个性状的遗传研究结果.角质率属于多基因控制的数量性状,广义遗传力为42.12—94.64%,狭义遗传力为56.70—62.03%,与千粒重呈显著正相关,与穗粒重有正相关趋势.胚乳颜色受两对等位基因控制,F_1有色基因为显性,颜色深度则受有效基因累加作用的影响.糯性胚乳的遗传则受两对隐性基因支配,在F_1进行粒选可获得最佳选择效应.     

Inheritance of Eye Pattern and Seed Coat Colour in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

The F₂ progenies of crosses between several cowpea (V. unguiculata) lines were investigated for variation of eye pattern and seed coat colour. It was found that three (W, H, O) and five (R, P, B, M, N) major genes control eye pattern and seed coat colour, respectively. The recessive gene (GO) for restricted eye pattern enables the underlying basic white or cream seed coat colour to be observed. A similar effect is obtained with the recessive gene (rr) for colour expression. The expression of mottling (V), possibly a seed coat pattern, may for be observed when it is combined with the genes for certain eye patterns. The significance of these findings in breeding for consumer preference for specific seed coat colour is discussed.     

Colour at harvest and post-harvest behaviour influence paprika and chilli spice quality.

Capsicum annuum L. paprika and cayenne chilli pepper fruit were grown for red spice production and harvested at various colour stages on the same day. Fruit of each stage were allowed to change colour at room temperature with or without the addition of 100 μl l⁻¹ ethylene. Fruit appearance and colour development, and respiration and ethylene production were measured during the colouring period. Ethylene treatment had no effect on colour development or pungency for both cultivars, even though it easily crossed the cuticle, epidermis and flesh tissues into the fruit cavity. Green or deep green harvested fruit failed to fully colour red, while fruit that were harvested at or after the colour break stage visually completed their red colour development within 7–9 days. However, the colour intensity of spice powder was low for all fruit that had not developed a deep red colour prior to harvest. For paprika no difference between deep red fruit that were succulent or that had partially dried on the plant was found, but chilli fruit that had partially dried before harvest produced the most intense colour. American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) extractable red colour was the best measure of spice colour quality, compared to reflected lightness (L*), chroma (C*) and hue angle (h°) colour measurements. Pungency did not change between ripeness stages for chilli and was absent in paprika. Paprika and chilli fruit showed climacteric behaviour as long as they were attached to the plant, but when detached were non-climacteric.     

RESEARCH ON THE HYDRATION HARDENING OF THE GYPSUM FLUIDIZED FURNACE SLAG CEMENT

The hydration and hardening of the gypsum fluidized furnace slag cement is analysed by XRD and mercury pressure porosous meter combining with macroscopic experimental results. The additive, curing system affect material properties and why the water-tolerance is improved.     

某蓄电池厂铅污染土壤稳定化修复工程药剂筛选研究

依据某蓄电池厂土壤铅污染的基本情况,在修复工程实施前,开展了稳定化固化药剂的筛选试验。在试验过程中采用了石灰、水泥、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸三钙、磷酸、磷肥等9 种药剂,分别进行了铅污染土壤稳定化试验。针对低浓度污染土壤,采用10%石灰、20%石灰、10%水泥、20%的水泥、10%的磷酸二氢钙、10%磷酸三钙、20%磷酸三钙、10%磷酸二氢铵、20%磷酸二氢铵和20%的磷酸可以达到修复目标。针对高浓度污染土壤,当添加20%的水泥、20%的磷酸氢钙、10%磷酸三钙、20%磷酸三钙、10%磷酸二氢铵、20%磷酸二氢铵、10%磷酸和20%磷酸可以达到修复目标。从修复成本考虑,建议采用水泥作为稳定化药剂,低浓度污染土壤的添加量为10%,高浓度污染土壤的添加量为20%。     

Development of colour of broccoli heads as affected by controlled atmosphere storage and temperature

Colour is one of the most important quality attributes of broccoli. Yellowing due to senescence of broccoli florets is the main external quality problem. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage is a very effective method to maintain broccoli quality. The aim of this paper is to characterise the colour behaviour (measured by RGB colour image analysis) of broccoli as affected by CA and temperature. Data on colour behaviour and gas exchange were gathered for broccoli heads stored in containers at three temperatures and subjected to four levels of O₂ and three levels of CO₂ concentrations. An integrated colour model is proposed that combines a colour model with a standard gas exchange model. The colour model is based on an existing colour model that describes the formation of (blue/green) chlorophyllide from the colourless precursor, the bidirectional conversion of chlorophyllide into (blue/green) chlorophyll and the decay of chlorophyllide. A multi-response approach was applied, accounting for 92% of the variance. Gas exchange parameters were estimated using the gas exchange model, the colour parameters were estimated using the colour model. Both models are linked via the reaction rate constant that describes the decay of chlorophyllide, as this reaction rate constant was found to be affected by the gas conditions. The integrated model might be applied to predict colour changes of MAP packaged broccoli as a low level of O₂ and a high level of CO₂ will only affect colour retention at higher temperatures.     

Investigation on Hydration_Hardening Mechanism ofModified Alumina Cement

The modified alumina cement is a low alkaline cement with good durability.By means of atomic absorb spectrum,as well as the results of macro_experiment,the mechanism of hydration,hardening and modification principle are studied.     

Inheritance of neurotoxin (ODAP) content, flower and seed coat colour in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Summary A strong epidemiological association is known to exist between the consumption of grass pea and lathyrism. A neurotoxin, -N-Oxalyl-L-, -diaminopropanoic acid (ODAP) has been identified as the causative principle. This study was undertaken to investigate the mode of inheritance of the neurotoxin ODAP, flower and seed coat colour in grass pea. Five grass pea lines with low to high ODAP concentration were inter-crossed in all possible combinations to study the inheritance of the neurotoxin. Parents, F₁ and F₂ progenies were evaluated under field condition and ODAP analyzed by an ortho-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric method. Many of the progenies of low x low ODAP crosses were found to be low in ODAP concentration indicating the low ODAP lines shared some genes in common for seed ODAP content. The F₁ progenies of the low ODAP x high ODAP crosses were intermediate in ODAP concentration and the F₂ progenies segregated covering the entire parental range. This continuous variation, together with very close to normal distribution of the F₂ population both of low x low and low x high ODAP crosses indicated that ODAP content was quantitatively inherited. Reciprocal crosses, in some cases, produced different results indicating a maternal effect on ODAP concentration. Blue and white flower coloured lines of grass pea were inter-crossed to study the inheritance of flower colour. Blue flower colour was dominant over the white. The F₂ progenies segregated in a 13:3 ratio indicating involvement of two genes with inhibiting gene interactions. The gene symbol LB for blue flower colour and LW for white flower colour is proposed.     

Influence of Ca(OH)2 on Strength of Low Proportional Cemented Soil

Laboratory experimental research is performed by strengthing three different types of soil with low proportional cement to test the unconfined compressive strength of such cemented soil under different dosages of Ca(OH)2 and the different ages. The variation rules and causes of the unconfined compressive strength of these three types of age-different cemented soil with increasing the dosage of Ca(OH)2 are analyzed. The results shows that the intensity of red clay cement improves most obviously with Ca(OH)2 content increased, followed by silty clay, and sand is the weakest. The reason is that the fineness of the soil affect the strength of the cement greatly. The finer the soil, the more clay minerals in soil. The increase in Ca(OH)2 content promotes the ion exchange and the occurrence of volcanic ash, which improves the strength of cemented soil. Among the three types of soil in this experiment, the fineness of red clay particles is the best, so the intensity of red clay cement improves most obviously with Ca(OH)2 content increased.     

Radiation induced chimeric rearrangement in flower structure of Rhododendron simsii Planch. (Azalea indica L.). Use of recurrent irradiation

Summary A radiation-induced chimeric flower colour sport of vegetatively propagated Rhododendron simsii Planch. was recurrently irradiated (up to three times in three consecutive years) with soft X-rays (50kV-30mA), as compared to a single treatment. Because of the low true flower colour mutation frequency the efficiency of the different radiation treatments was compared on the basis of the number of chimeric rearrangements in flower structure i.e. the flower colour change from red with broad white edge towards either homogeneous carmine-red or white.It is quite clear that recurrent irradiation with appropiate doses is most efficient.