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Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne protozoal disease of horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras that is characterized by acute hemolytic anemia. The etiologic agents are two hemoprotozoan parasites, Theileria equi (Laveran, 1901) and Babesia caballi (Nutall and Strickland, 1910) that are transmitted primarily by ixodid ticks. Equine piroplasmosis is found globally where tick vectors are present and is endemic in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate regions. Horses infected with B. equi remain seropositive for life; horses infected with B. caballi are seropositive for several years to life. Economic losses associated with EP are significant and include the cost of treatment, especially in acutely infected horses; abortions; loss of performance; death; and restrictions in meeting international requirements related to exportation or participation in equestrian sporting events. Equine babesiosis–free countries limit the entrance of Babesia-seropositive horses into their countries. In the United States a few sporadic outbreaks have occurred in recent years but have been limited due to implementation of stringent control methods. The cELISA for both T. equi and B. caballi is currently the recommended test for international horse transport. Different therapies for control and sterilization of the parasites are discussed. 相似文献
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Ayele Gizachew MSc Rolf K. Schuster Sunitha Joseph Renate WerneryNissy Annie Georgy MSc Shyna K. Elizabeth Yilkal Asfaw Fikru Regassa Ulrich Wernery 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Working donkeys (n = 395) originating from three different districts of the Oromia region of Ethiopia were examined October 2009 and April 2010 for the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis between. Apart from hematological and serological examination, tick vectors were collected and determined. Intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were detected in 12.2% and 1.8% of examined stained blood smears, respectively. The seroprevalence of T. equi and B. caballi was 55.7% and 13.2%, respectively. The majority of active infection coincided with anemia. Only 16 donkeys were infested with four species of hard ticks: Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, and Amblyomma variegatum. 相似文献
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Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Equine Piroplasmosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosanna Zobba Mauro Ardu Serena Niccolini Bernardo Chessa Laura Manna Raffaella Cocco Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008,28(5):301-308
The objective of this study was to evaluate equine piroplasmosis (EP) as a cause of morbidity in horses in Sardinia (Italy), describe the clinical signs and altered hematologic and biochemical parameters, and illustrate response to different treatments. Among 44 horses suspected of tick-borne disease, 38 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Theileria equi (n = 27) or Babesia caballi (n = 6), whereas five were positive for both protozoans. Typical clinical features of piroplasmosis were seen in some of the horses, whereas others had nonspecific mild symptoms. Hematologic findings revealed involvement of the three blood cell lineages (anemia, leukopenia or leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia), and biochemical variations were related to increased bilirubin, alteration of serum phosphorus, and hypoalbuminemia. We suggest that the two protozoans are the most important causative agents of equine tick-borne disease in this geographic area, and we observe that different clinical features are associated with the disease; in addition to the typical aspects of piroplasmosis, characterized by fever, pale mucous membranes, and icterus, we can signal other nonspecific mild signs such as weight loss, weight loss associated with an insignificant leukopenia, or weight loss associated with depression, anorexia, and mild hyperbilirubin. The study is intended as a practical contribution for veterinary practitioners because it describes different clinical presentations and laboratory findings of EP, suggests diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to the disease, and shows diffusion of the disease in a Mediterranean region. 相似文献
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In this study, to evaluate the influence of strangles vaccination on serological test
results, we investigated the changes in strangles serum antibody levels in horses after
vaccination and subsequent intranasal challenge with S. equi. The horses were vaccinated
for strangles with either a component vaccine (Group C) or a live vaccine (Group L). We
measured changes in strangles serum antibody levels weekly for 20 weeks after vaccinating
horses twice for strangles over a 3-week interval, and for 7 weeks after intranasal
challenge with S. equi in the same horses. Serum antibody responses to the
proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine (PEPK) antigen with five repetitions (PEPK-5R) were
higher at all times (up to 2.4-fold) following vaccination in Group C than in Group L, and
the value peaked at 2.9-fold above the initial value after the second vaccination in Group
C horses. However, the value was lower than that in horses infected with S. equi, and it
gradually decreased, reaching the initial (week 0) value by the 15th week. Serum antibody
responses to PEPK-5R after challenge with S. equi increased in both groups of horses, but
the value tended to be lower than that reported for unvaccinated horses. In addition, the
average value in Group C was 2.6-fold higher than that of Group L. These results suggest
the serum antibody responses of horses infected with S. equi varies according to the type
of vaccine with which they have been vaccinated. Although the serological diagnostic test
for strangles in which PEPK-5R is used as an antigen is effective for the investigation of
serum antibodies to strangles in vaccinated horses, the present data suggest it is
necessary to consider the vaccination history when interpreting the results. 相似文献
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Irfan Ahmad MIR Bablu KUMAR Anil TAKU Farah FARIDI Mohd. Altaf BHAT Naseer Ahmad BABA Tahir MAQBOOL 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):53-55
Present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-haemolytic streptococci in
equine of northern temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred and forty one
samples were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of diseased (53) and
apparently healthy equine (88) for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 77 isolates of
streptococci were recovered from 141 samples with an overall prevalence rate of 54.60%.
Out of these 77 isolates, 52 were from diseased and 25 from apparently healthy animals. Of
the 77 isolates, 4 were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp.
equi, 56 as S. equi subsp.
zooepidemicus and 17 as S. dysgalactiae subsp.
equisimilis. Thus the overall prevalence of S. equi subsp.
equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus
and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis was 2.83, 39.71
and 12.05% respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR for the detection of S.
equi species was found higher when attempted from direct swab samples. 相似文献
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Background
Streptococcus equi ssp. equi is the causative agent of ‘Strangles’ in horses. This is a debilitating condition leading to economic loss, yard closures and cancellation of equestrian events. There are multiple genotypes of S. equi ssp. equi which can cause disease, but to date there has been no systematic study of strains which are prevalent in Ireland. This study identified and classified Streptococcus equi ssp. equi strains isolated from within the Irish equine industry.Results
Two hundred veterinary isolates were subjected to SLST (single locus sequence typing) based on an internal sequence from the seM gene of Streptococcus equi ssp equi. Of the 171 samples which successfully gave an amplicon, 162 samples (137 Irish and 24 UK strains) gave robust DNA sequence information. Analysis of the sequences allowed division of the isolates into 19 groups, 13 of which contain at least 2 isolates and 6 groups containing single isolates. There were 19 positions where a DNA SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) occurs, and one 3 bp insertion. All groups had multiple (2–8) SNPs. Of the SNPs 17 would result in an amino acid change in the encoded protein. Interestingly, the single isolate EI8, which has 6 SNPs, has the three base pair insertion which is not seen in any other isolate, this would result in the insertion of an Ile residue at position 62 in that protein sequence. Comparison of the relevant region in the determined sequences with the UK Streptococcus equi seM MLST database showed that Group B (15 isolates) and Group I (2 isolates), as well as the individual isolates EI3 and EI8, are unique to Ireland, and some groups are most likely of UK origin (Groups F and M), but many more probably passed back and forth between the two countries.Conclusions
The strains occurring in Ireland are not clonal and there is a considerable degree of sequence variation seen in the seM gene. There are two major clades causing infection in Ireland and these strains are also common in the UK. 相似文献9.
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Seung-Ho Ryu Hye Cheong Koo Young-Woo Lee Yong Ho Park Chang-Woo Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(2):195-197
Infectious upper respiratory disease (IURD) of Thoroughbred racehorses has been a frequent problem (29.6% of incidence) at the Seoul Race Park (Korea). Risk factors for IURD include the season with a high transfer rate (summer and fall), the stabling period (≤ 3 months), and age (2 to 3 years old), suggesting that the movement and new environment may have depressed the immune system of the horses and decreased their ability to respond properly to pathogens. The bacterial strains (n = 98) isolated from IURD horses included Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and zooepidemicus. 相似文献
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Yao ZOU Xiaoming ZHU Hassan Mushtaq MUHAMMAD Ping JIANG Yufeng LI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):653-660
Recently, a series of acute swine erysipelas outbreaks occurred in Eastern China. Eight
strains isolated from cases of septicemia were determined as serotype 1a, and 4 of the
isolates were resistant to acriflavine. One isolate strain named was attenuated
on agar media containing acriflavine dye. The 432-bp hypervariable region in
spaA gene of the field and attenuated strains were amplified and
sequenced. It was further compared with the vaccine strain G4T10,
and thus, the eight field strains can be divided into four spaA-types.
The partial spaA gene analysis also showed that no point mutations
occurred among different archived passages of HX130709 during the attenuation. Results of
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that eight distinct patterns with 22 to 30 DNA
fragment bands were produced from field strains, and twelve distinct patterns with 23 to
27 DNA fragment bands were produced from different passages of the attenuated strains.
Mouse pathogenicity test showed that the mortality of the mice infected with
104 CFU field strains was 100% and the attenuation of strain HX130709
occurred between 46 and 50 passages. All the field and attenuated strains were highly
sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines and macrolides. So, we can make
conclusions that the acute swine erysipelas outbreaks in Eastern China were caused by
serotype 1a E. rhusiopathiae strains with different biochemical
characteristics, and the virulence of serotype 1a E. rhusiopathiae
strains is unrelated with some point mutations in 432-bp hypervariable region of the
spaA gene. HX130709相似文献
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Toru TACHIBANA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Sayuri OSAKI Takeshi KURAISHI Shosaku HATTORI Midori YOSHIZAWA Chieko KAI Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):161-165
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected
for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri
spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous
hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic
states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two
monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus
than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area
showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic
observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of
large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results
suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between
Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in
adrenocortical physiology and pathological models. 相似文献
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Kazuhiro UMEYAMA Kasumi HONDA Hitomi MATSUNARI Kazuaki NAKANO Tatsuro HIDAKA Keito SEKIGUCHI Hironori MOCHIZUKI Yasuhiro TAKEUCHI Tsukasa FUJIWARA Masahito WATANABE Masaki NAGAYA Hiroshi NAGASHIMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):599-603
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful technique for creating pig strains
that model human diseases. However, production of numerous cloned disease model pigs
by SCNT for large-scale experiments is impractical due to its complexity and
inefficiency. In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient procedure for
proliferating the diabetes model pig carrying the mutant human hepatocyte nuclear
factor-1α gene. A founder diabetes transgenic cloned pig was generated by SCNT and
treated with insulin to allow for normal growth to maturity, at which point
epididymal sperm could be collected for cryopreservation. In vitro
fertilization and intrafallopian insemination using the cryopreserved epididymal
sperm resulted in diabetes model transgenic offspring. These results suggest that
artificial reproductive technology using cryopreserved epididymal sperm could be a
practical option for proliferation of genetically modified disease model pigs. 相似文献
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Maiko OHTORI Mikiko AOKI Tadashi ITAGAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):105-107
This study was designed to clarify the differences in the internal transcribed
spacer (ITS) 1 and 5.8S nucleotide sequences of Moniezia expansa,
M. benedeni and M. monardi isolated from ruminants in
Japan and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. A 98% similarity in the 5.8S
sequences was observed among the 3 Moniezia species, whereas many
nucleotide indels and substitutions were observed in the ITS1 sequences among the three
Moniezia species. These results suggest that the ITS1 region could
serve as a potential marker for discriminating the 3 Moniezia species. In
the phylogenetic tree based on the ITS1 sequences, M. monardi and
M. benedeni showed genetically closer relationship to each other than
to M. expansa. 相似文献
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