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1.
Liviu Dr?gan Adriana Gy?rke Jorge FS Ferreira Ioan A Pop Ioan Dunca Maria Dr?gan Viorica Mircean Iosif Dan Vasile Cozma 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):22
Background
Intensive poultry production systems depend on chemoprophylaxis with anticoccidial drugs to combat infection. A floor-pen study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on Eimeria tenella infection. Five experimental groups were established: negative control (untreated, unchallenged); positive control (untreated, challenged); a group medicated with 125 ppm lasalocid and challenged; a group medicated with A. annua leaf powder at 1.5% in feed and challenged; and a group treated with the mixed oils of A. annua and Foeniculum vulgare in equal parts, 7.5% in water and challenged. The effects of A. annua and oil extract of A. annua + F. vulgare on E. tenella infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst output, faeces, lesion score, weight gain, and feed conversion.Results
Clinical signs were noticed only in three chickens from the lasalocid group, six from the A. annua group, and nine from the A. annua + F. vulgare group, but were present in 19 infected chickens from the positive control group. Bloody diarrhea was registered in only two chickens from A. annua group, but in 17 chickens from the positive control group. Mortality also occurred in the positive control group (7/20). Chickens treated with A. annua had a significant reduction in faecal oocysts (95.6%; P = 0.027) and in lesion score (56.3%; P = 0.005) when compared to the positive control. At the end of experiment, chickens treated with A. annua leaf powder had the highest body weight gain (68.2 g/day), after the negative control group, and the best feed conversion (1.85) among all experimental groups.Conclusions
Our results suggest that A. annua leaf powder (Aa-p), at 1.5% of the daily diet post-infection, can be a valuable alternative for synthetic coccidiostats, such as lasalocid. 相似文献2.
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Jae Yeon HWANG Kwang-Hwan CHOI Dong-Kyung LEE Seung-Hun KIM Eun Bae KIM Sang-Hwan HYUN Chang-Kyu LEE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(6):533-540
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that equalizes expression of X-borne genes between
male and female eutherians. This process is observed in early eutherian embryo development in a
species-specific manner. Until recently, various pluripotent factors have been suggested to regulate the
process of XCI by repressing XIST expression, which is the master inducer for XCI. Recent
insights into the process and its regulation have been restricted in mouse species despite the evolutionary
diversity of the process and molecular mechanism among the species. OCT4A is one of the
represented pluripotent factors, the gate-keeper for maintaining pluripotency, and an XIST
repressor. Therefore, in here, we examined the relation between OCT4A and X-linked genes in
porcine preimplantation embryos. Three X-linked genes, XIST,
LOC102165544, and RLIM, were selected in present study because their
orthologues have been known to regulate XCI in mice. Expression levels of OCT4A were
positively correlated with XIST and LOC102165544 in female blastocysts.
Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous human OCT4A in cleaved parthenotes generated
blastocysts with increased XIST expression levels. However, increased XIST
expression was not observed when exogenous OCT4A was obtained from early blastocysts. These
results suggest the possibility that OCT4A would be directly or indirectly involved in
XIST expression in earlier stage porcine embryos rather than blastocysts. 相似文献
6.
Maiko OHTORI Mikiko AOKI Tadashi ITAGAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):105-107
This study was designed to clarify the differences in the internal transcribed
spacer (ITS) 1 and 5.8S nucleotide sequences of Moniezia expansa,
M. benedeni and M. monardi isolated from ruminants in
Japan and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. A 98% similarity in the 5.8S
sequences was observed among the 3 Moniezia species, whereas many
nucleotide indels and substitutions were observed in the ITS1 sequences among the three
Moniezia species. These results suggest that the ITS1 region could
serve as a potential marker for discriminating the 3 Moniezia species. In
the phylogenetic tree based on the ITS1 sequences, M. monardi and
M. benedeni showed genetically closer relationship to each other than
to M. expansa. 相似文献
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Seung-Won YI Tae-Ho CHUNG Seong-Joon JOH Chul PARK Byoung-Yong PARK Gee-Wook SHIN 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1589-1593
The prevalence of resistant
genes against β-lactams in 119 Aeromonas strains was determined. A large
number (99.2%) of the present fish strains were resistant to one or more β- lactams
including ceftiofur, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, piperacillin and
cefpodoxime. Among antibiotic resistance phenotypes, the simultaneous resistance to all
β-lactams occurred in 25.2% (n=30) of all strains, which consisted of 18 strains of
A. dhakensis, 8 strains of A. caviae, 2 strains of
A. hydrophila and only one strain of A. veronii. For
exploring genetic background of the antibiotic resistances, multiple PCR assays were
subjected to detect β-lactamase-encoding genes, blaTEM,
blaOXA-B and blaCTX-M. In the
results, the blaTEM-1 gene was harbored in all strains,
whereas only 3 strains harbored blaOXA gene. In the case of
blaCTX-M gene, the gene was detected in 21.0% (25 out of
119) of all strains, which countered with 80% (20 out of 25) of A.
dhakensis, 8% (2 out of 25) of A. caviae and 12% (3 out of 25)
of A. hydrophila. In addition, most of the
blaCTX-M positive strains showed simultaneous resistance to
all β-lactams (18 out of 30 strains). In sequence analysis for
blaCTX-M genes detected, they were CTX-M group 1-encoding
genes including blaCTX-M-33 from 3 eel strains of A.
dhakensis. Therefore, A. dhakensis obtained from cultured fish
could represent a reservoir for spreading genes encoding CTX-M group 1 enzymes and hence
should be carefully monitored, especially for its potential risk to public health. 相似文献
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Kohei Matsushita Aki Kijima Yuji Ishii Shinji Takasu Meilan Jin Ken Kuroda Hiroaki Kawaguchi Noriaki Miyoshi Takehiko Nohmi Kumiko Ogawa Takashi Umemura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(1):19-27
In this study, the potential for development of an animal model (GPG46) capable of rapidly detecting chemical carcinogenicity and the underlying mechanisms of action were examined in gpt delta rats using a reporter gene assay to detect mutations and a medium-term rat liver bioassay to detect tumor promotion. The tentative protocol for the GPG46 model was developed based on the results of dose-response exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treatment with phenobarbital over time following DEN administration. Briefly, gpt delta rats were exposed to various chemicals for 4 weeks, followed by a partial hepatectomy (PH) to collect samples for an in vivo mutation assay. The mutant frequencies (MFs) of the reporter genes were examined as an indication of tumor initiation. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10 mg/kg DEN was administered to rats 18 h after the PH to initiate hepatocytes. Tumor-promoting activity was evaluated based on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci at week 10. The genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinolone (IQ) and safrole (SF), the non-genotoxic carcinogens piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and phenytoin (PHE), the non-carcinogen acetaminophen (APAP) and the genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogen aristolochic acid (AA) were tested to validate the GPG46 model. The validation results indicate that the GPG46 model could be a powerful tool in understanding chemical carcinogenesis and provide valuable information regarding human risk hazards. 相似文献
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Jin HUR Seong Kug EO Sang-Youel PARK Yoonyoung CHOI John Hwa LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1693-1696
Salmonella Typhimurium strain expressing the Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae antigens, ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OmpA, was previously
constructed as a vaccine candidate for porcine pleuropneumonia. This strain was a live
attenuated (∆lon∆cpxR∆asd)Salmonella as a delivery host
and contained a vector containing asd. An immunological study of
lymphocyte proliferation, T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the splenocytes of a mouse
model was carried out after stimulation with the candidate Salmonella
Typhimurium by intranasal inoculation. The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the levels
of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 of the inoculated mice were significantly increased, and the T-
and B-cell populations were also elevated. Collectively, the candidate may efficiently
induce the Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. 相似文献
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Oguzhan AVCI Oya BULUT Irmak DIK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):129-131
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of iPPOV on pro-inflammatoryand anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in rats. iPPOV (1 ml/rat) wasadministered intraperitoneal route to 49 rats, except for 7 rats (Control, 0 group). Serumsamples were collected from 7 rats at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th and 24th hr aftertreatments. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 were determined using ELISA.Administration of iPPOV stimulated TNF-α (16th and 24th hr) and IL-6 (12th, 16th and 24thhr) synthesis and caused fluctuations in IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations. In conclusion,increased cytokine levels could be attributed to immunomodulatory activity of iPPOV,however, detailed studies are required to fully understand effects of iPPOV on immunesystem. 相似文献
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Toru TACHIBANA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Sayuri OSAKI Takeshi KURAISHI Shosaku HATTORI Midori YOSHIZAWA Chieko KAI Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):161-165
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected
for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri
spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous
hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic
states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two
monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus
than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area
showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic
observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of
large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results
suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between
Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in
adrenocortical physiology and pathological models. 相似文献
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Sadamasa ISHIKAWA Kou HIRAGA Yuuki HIRADATE Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):725-728
Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacroprid (IMI) are known neonicotinoid insecticides with strong
affinities for the insect-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These provide insect
control by hyperstimulating insect nerves and are used for agricultural pest management.
However, it has also been reported that ACE and IMI affect mammalian reproductive
function. We determined the effects of ACE and IMI on the in vitro
maturation of porcine oocytes. Significant decreases in nuclear maturation rates were
observed in the ACE or IMI-exposed groups. Also, in matured oocytes from the ACE or
IMI-exposed groups, irregular chromosomes were observed. Our results suggest that ACE and
IMI exposure was detrimental to porcine oocytes and the extent of the effects depends on
the concentration of exposure. 相似文献
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Ling-Cong KONG Duo GAO Yun-Hang GAO Shu-Ming LIU Hong-Xia MA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1655-1657
The minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs), mutation prevention concentrations (MPCs) and contribution of
quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations to fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin) susceptibility in 23 Pasteurella
multocida (Pm) isolates were investigated.
Fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (MICs ≤0.25 µg/ml,
9 isolates) had no QRDR mutations, and their respective MPCs were low.
Fluoroquinolone-intermediate isolates (MICs=0.5 µg/ml,
14 isolates) had QRDR mutations (Asp87 to Asn or Ala84 to Pro in gyrA),
and their respective MPCs were high (4–32 µg/ml).
First-step mutants (n=5) and laboratory-derived highly resistant fluoroquinolone mutants
(n=5) also had QRDR mutations. The MICs of fluoroquinolones for mutant-derived strains
were decreased in the presence of efflux inhibitors. The results indicated that the
fluoroquinolone resistance of Pm is mainly due to multiple target gene
mutations in gyrA and parC and the overexpression of
efflux pump genes. 相似文献
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Jiang BIAN Tao LI Chenhui DING Weijie XIN Bo ZHU Canquan ZHOU 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(3):288-295
To completely avoid ice crystal formation and thus get a higher survival rate,
vitrification methods have been commonly used for cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.
However, currently used vitrification methods for oocytes and embryos are not suitable for
the cryopreservation of preantral follicles (PFs). In the present study, stainless steel
mesh was fabricated into mini mesh cups to vitrify isolated PFs. Moreover, isolated
follicles were encapsulated and then subjected to vitreous cryopreservation to facilitate
in vitro culture/maturation of follicles after warming. The results
showed that the percentages of viable follicles did not differ significantly between the
vitrification group and fresh group soon after warming (81.25% vs.
85.29%, P>0.05) and after a 7-day culture period (77.78% vs. 83.33%,
P>0.05). No difference in mean follicular diameter was observed between cryopreserved
and fresh follicles when cultured in vitro. Transmission electron
microscopic analysis revealed that vitreous cryopreservation could maintain the
ultrastructure of follicles in alginate beads. In conclusion, the present vitrification
method could efficiently cryopreserve isolated human ovarian follicles encapsulated by
calcium alginate, which could be put into immediate use (in vitro
culture/ maturation) after warming. However, more follicles and some detailed biochemical
analyses are required to further investigate the effects of vitrification on the long-term
growth of human encapsulated PFs. 相似文献