延胡索及其不同配伍镇痛作用研究

延胡索系罂粟科紫堇属多年生草本植物延胡索（Corydalia yanhusuo W．T.Wang）的块茎,《本草纲目》曰：“延胡索能行血中气滞，气中血滞,故专治一身上下诸痛,用之中的,妙不可言，盖延胡索活血化气,第一品药也”，现代药理研究证明延胡索具有较好的镇痛作用,其强度为阿片的1／100。临床上延胡索常与其它药物配伍治疗各种疼痛,血瘀气滞所致疼痛配伍川芎,阳明头痛配伍白芷,风湿痹阻配伍当归。笔者采用热板法和扭体法，观察延胡索、延胡索配伍川芎、延胡索配伍白芷、延胡索配伍当归的镇痛作用,为中医的临床用药提供实验依据。     

杜仲叶对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides Oliv．）为杜仲科植物杜仲的千燥树皮，传统用药以其皮炒干入药，具有补中益气、壮筋骨、安胎之功效。杜仲主要含有木脂素类、环烯醚萜甙类、黄酮类、挥发油、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素E、维生素B和β-胡萝卜素、磷脂、微量元素等，其中木脂索类及环烯醚萜甙类所占比例较大，其次是黄酮类及其它化合物。近年来研究发现杜仲叶与皮具有相同的化学成分，     

克感胶囊解热镇痛作用的研究

为了观察克感胶囊对实验动物的解热镇痛作用,采用伤寒、副伤寒甲乙三联菌苗导致家兔发热模型,测定克感胶囊对高温家兔的解热作用和采用小鼠扭体法,测定克感胶囊对小鼠的镇痛作用。试验结果证实,克感胶囊可明显降低发热家兔的体温和抑制小鼠扭体反应。现将试验情况报道如下。1试     

腰痛贴膏镇痛作用的研究

为研究腰痛贴膏镇痛作用功效,采用注射醋酸致小鼠扭体法以及大鼠光照甩尾法和小鼠热板舔足法来观察腰痛贴膏的镇痛作用.与空白对照组相比,腰痛贴膏低、中、高剂量能够显著减少小鼠扭体反应次数,差异显著(P＜0.05);结果表明,与空白对照组相比,腰痛贴膏低、中、高剂量能够显著提高大鼠痛阈值,差异显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与空白对照组相比,腰痛贴膏中、高剂量能够显著提高小鼠的痛阈值,差异显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).表明腰痛贴膏具有显著的镇痛作用.     

牛磺酸对小鼠的镇痛作用研究

采用酒石酸锑钾诱导小鼠扭体反应,观察牛磺酸的镇痛效果;牛磺酸和纳络酮合用,探讨牛磺酸镇痛作用与阿片肽受体的关系;测定血清和腹腔液中PGE2、脑组织中NO含量,探讨牛磺酸镇痛作用的可能机制。结果表明,应用牛磺酸后,小鼠扭体次数明显减少,牛磺酸和纳络酮合用较单独使用牛磺酸小鼠扭体次数显著增加,牛磺酸可显著降低小鼠腹腔液和血清中PGE2、脑组织中NO的含量。表明牛磺酸具有良好的镇痛效果,其镇痛作用机制可能是通过减少体内前列腺素和NO的生成;另外,牛磺酸的镇痛作用可能与中枢阿片受体有一定关系。     

三妙散的镇痛抗炎作用实验研究

三妙散（黄柏、苍术、牛膝）为治疗家畜湿热下注之名方。实验证明三妙散能抑制热板法所致小白鼠疼痛反应和醋酸所致小白鼠扭体数，并能明显抑制二甲苯引起的小白鼠耳肿胀、棉球肉芽肿及甲醛引起的大白鼠足跖肿胀，降低炎性组织中的PGE2含量，表现较好的抗炎镇痛作用。     

口服生化黄腐酸抗炎镇痛作用初步研究

通过建立二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加的急性炎症模型和以小鼠琼脂肉芽肿为特征的慢性炎症模型及进行小鼠镇痛扭体试验,观察口服生化黄腐酸(BFA)对小鼠急慢性炎症模型的影响和小鼠在镇痛扭体试验中的反应,研究口服BFA对小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用。结果表明,口服BFA对小鼠急性、慢性炎症模型及镇痛试验中,小鼠的疼痛均有不同程度的抑制作用,具有明显的抗炎及镇痛作用。     

中药外伤膏抗炎镇痛作用实验研究

研究中药外伤膏的镇痛抗炎作用。采用冰醋酸致小鼠疼痛扭体反应、小鼠热板法致痛实验、大鼠蛋清性足趾致炎肿胀及二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验,并与抗炎镇痛外用药氟芬那酸丁酯软膏进行对比。结果表明,中药外伤药膏能显著延长小鼠镇痛潜伏期与减少小鼠的扭体次数,抑制由二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和大鼠足肿胀,具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用。     

赛拉唑的镇痛作用及其机理研究

以小鼠热板法和小鼠扭体法研究了赛拉唑的镇痛作用 ,通过放射配体受体结合实验和脑内单胺类递质测定 ,分析了赛拉唑的镇痛作用机理。结果显示 ,在小鼠扭体实验中 ,赛拉唑可明显减少腹腔注射乙酸所致扭体反应次数 ,在小鼠热板实验中也可降低动物痛阈 ,其镇痛作用均呈剂量依赖性 ,相应的 ED50 值分别为0 .95和 4.2 5mg/ kg;预先给予 α2 拮抗剂育亨宾可对抗其镇痛作用 ,而 α1拮抗剂哌唑嗪则不能。放射配体受体结合实验表明 ,腹腔注射赛拉唑后 1 5、3 0和 6 0 min,小鼠脑膜 α2 受体与 [3 H]标记的α2 受体激动剂可乐宁的特异性结合均受到抑制。赛拉唑尚可抑制α-MPT引起的小鼠脑内单胺类物质尤其是 NA含量下降。上述结果提示 ,赛拉唑为中枢神经系统突触前膜 α2 受体激动剂 ,其镇痛作用机理与激动脑内 α2 受体有关     

小新塔花水提物抗炎镇痛作用的试验研究

小新塔花(Ziziphora tenuior linn)为唇形科新塔花属植物,一年生草本,主产于新疆南北的山坡、砾石、草原及半沙漠地带,前苏联、伊朗经西亚至巴尔干半岛也有分布。本品为民间常用的中药、民族药,维吾尔族称其为苏扎,主治虚劳咳嗽、气短多汗、肋下疼痛、清胃消食,可缓解胸闷、头晕。由于地域分布的局限性,国内仅见小新塔花分布调查的研究,而国     

新兽药氟尼辛葡甲胺的解热镇痛作用

通过小鼠醋酸扭体法、家兔蛋白胨致热法对氟尼辛葡甲胺的解热、镇痛作用进行了研究。结果表明,氟尼辛葡甲胺具有明显的解热、镇痛作用。和对照组相比,氟尼辛葡甲胺4个剂量组（1.25、2.5、5、10 mg/kg）对醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应均有极强的抑制作用,抑制率最高达100%。2.5 mg/kg的氟尼辛葡甲胺镇痛率即达82.7%,明显强于双氯芬酸钠（65.4%）和安乃近（58.7%）。对蛋白胨所致家兔发热的解热效果,氟尼辛葡甲胺高剂量组（4 mg/kg）优于安乃近组（0.2 g/kg）（P〈0.05）和氨基比林组（0.2 g/kg）（P〈0.01）。中剂量氟尼辛葡甲胺组（2 mg/kg）作用稍逊于安乃近组,但差异不显著。低剂量氟尼辛葡甲胺组（1 mg/kg）作用与氨基比林组相当。     

Assessment of the analgesic effects of ketoprofen in ducks anesthetized with isoflurane

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of ketoprofen would have analgesic effects in spontaneously breathing ducks anesthetized with isoflurane. ANIMALS: 13 healthy adult wild-strain Mallard ducks. PROCEDURE: Each duck was anesthetized twice in a crossover study design with 6 days between randomized treatments. Ducks were given ketoprofen (5 mg/kg, IM) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution after a constant plane of anesthesia was established. Analgesia was assessed by measuring heart and respiratory rates and duration of application of a noxious stimulus. The noxious stimulus was applied 30, 50, and 70 minutes after drug administration and was maintained until gross purposeful movements were seen or for a maximum of 5 seconds. RESULTS: At all 3 evaluation times, heart rate increases in response to the noxious stimulus were greater when ducks were given saline solution than when they were given ketoprofen. The increase in respiratory rate in response to the noxious stimulus was greater when ducks were given saline solution than when they were given ketoprofen only 70 minutes after drug administration. When ducks were given ketoprofen, duration of the noxious stimulus was significantly longer 50 and 70 minutes, but not 30 minutes, after drug administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ketoprofen reduced the increases in heart and respiratory rates associated with application of a noxious stimulus in spontaneously breathing adult Mallard ducks anesthetized with isoflurane delivered at approximately 2.9%, suggesting that ketoprofen had analgesic effects in these ducks. The onset of analgesic effects may be longer than 30 minutes in some ducks.     

灰绿黄堇提取物对粘虫的生物活性研究

采用虫体浸渍法、夹毒叶碟法等方法研究了灰绿黄堇提取物对粘虫(Mythimna separate)的杀虫活性和作用方式。结果表明,灰绿黄堇不同极性溶剂粗提物对粘虫3龄幼虫的触杀作用以甲醇粗提物最强,校正死亡率为15.5%;甲醇粗提物不同极性溶剂萃取物以氯仿萃取物触杀作用最强,校正死亡率可达87.5%,其致死中质量浓度为13.07 g/L;氯仿萃取物对粘虫3龄幼虫具有很强的生长发育抑制作用和胃毒作用,生长发育抑制率和校正死亡率分别为88.66%和91.38%。     

Sedative and analgesic effects of intravenous xylazine and tramadol on horses

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine (X) and tramadol (T) intravenously (IV) administered to horses. Six thoroughbred saddle horses each received X (1.0 mg/kg), T (2.0 mg/kg), and a combination of XT (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) IV. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), indirect arterial pressure (IAP), capillary refill time (CRT), sedation, and analgesia (using electrical stimulation and pinprick) were measured before and after drug administration. HR and RR significantly decreased from basal values with X and XT treatments, and significantly increased with T treatment (p < 0.05). RT and IAP also significantly increased with T treatment (p < 0.05). CRT did not change significantly with any treatments. The onset of sedation and analgesia were approximately 5 min after both X and XT treatments; however, the XT combination produced a longer duration of sedation and analgesia than X alone. Two horses in the XT treatment group displayed excited transient behavior within 5 min of drug administration. The results suggest that the XT combination is useful for sedation and analgesia in horses. However, careful monitoring for excited behavior shortly after administration is recommended.     

Sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine in dogs

The sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine were studied in 18 laboratory beagles in a randomized cross-over study which was carried out in a double-blind fashion. Xylazine was included as a positive control and placebo as a negative control. Medetomidine was used at doses of 10, 30, 90 and 180 micrograms/kg i.m. compared to a dose of 2.2 mg/kg xylazine i.m. Parameters closely related to sedation were used to measure the degree of sedation. These were a posture variable (including evaluation of the dog's posture without external disturbance and resistance when laid recumbent) and a relaxation variable (including relaxation of the jaws, upper eyelids and anal sphincter). The first signs of sedation were recorded 1.5-3.5 min after administration of both drugs. The dogs sat down at 0.6-2.6 min post-injection and became prone at 1.9-5.9 min. Medetomidine dose-dependently affected the posture of the dogs and the relaxation variable--the higher the dose, the stronger and longer lasting the effect recorded. The sedative effect of xylazine was comparable to a medetomidine dose of 30 micrograms/kg. The analgesic effect was assessed as changes in the response to superficial pain induced by electrical stimuli. The response threshold increased significantly with both drugs and the effect of medetomidine was dose-dependent. The effects of the doses of 30 micrograms/kg medetomidine and 2.2 mg/kg xylazine did not differ significantly. In summary, medetomidine possessed an excellent sedative effect associated with analgesia in dogs.     

Sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine in beagle dogs infected and uninfected with heartworm

The sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine were evaluated in heartworm-infected (HW+) and uninfected (HW–) beagle dogs by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of 30 µg/kg and 40 µg/kg doses, respectively. Posture, response to noise and the pedal reflex were monitored. A procedure for mock radiographic positioning was performed to evaluate its overall clinical use. Observation times were 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. In addition, the times from injection until the dog could not stand on its feet (down time), from lateral to sternal recumbency (sternal recumbency time), and from sternal recumbency to rising again (rising time) were also noted.Medetomidine produced rapid sedation and analgesia by both routes. Down times for the IM and IV routes were similar, which verified the manufacturer's recommended doses. The HW+ dogs had shorter down times, probably owing to increased blood flow to the brain caused by adrenergic alpha-2 activity. Sternal recumbency and rising times did not differ between the groups, suggesting a similar metabolism. Sedation and analgesia were adequate for performing the procedure in all dogs. HW– dogs showed less resistance to handling during the procedure than HW+ dogs. Overall, medetomidine seems to be a suitable agent for short-term chemical restraint in dogs, even with subclinical heartworm infestation.     

大黄不同产地加工品质量研究

目的：从定性、定量两方面比较大黄不同产地加工品苏吉、蛋吉和水根的质量差异。方法：采用薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别,采用药典方法测定灰分、酸不溶性灰分及水溶性浸出物;采用紫外分光光度法测定蒽醌衍生物的含量。结果：大黄不同加工品、薄层色谱、灰分和酸不溶性灰分差异不大。水溶性浸出物：蛋吉〉苏吉〉水根。总蒽醌含量：蛋吉〉苏吉〉水根,四川〉青海〉甘肃。结论：大黄不同规格加工品、同一规格不同产地加工品,其总蒽醌含量存在较大差异。蛋吉质量最佳,苏吉次之,水根最差。四川大黄质量优。