Deep chiseling of soil under irrigation conditions

The advantage of fall soil tillage by loosening with an experimental chisel implement to a depth of 40–42 cm compared with moldboard plowing with a share plow to a depth of 25–27 cm is shown. Original Russian Text ? V.I. Pyndak, V.F. Loboiko, V.N. Pavlenko, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 2, pp. 54–55.     

Safety and efficacy of a new antimicrobial liposomal drug in raising broiler chicks

The effect of a liposomal form of the plant antimicrobial drug sanguirythrine on various indices of broiler chicks is studied. The drug is effective as an agent preventing the development of colibacillosis, normalizes metabolic indices, and improves meat quality. Original Russian Text ? E.A. Druz’, T.V. Kashnikova, A.V. Khmyrov, N.B. Fel’dman, S.V. Lutsenko, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 3, pp. 56–58.     

Promising technology for treating meat raw materials with low-frequency electromagnetic fields

The layout of a device for generating low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and block-diagram of a device for treating meat raw materials with EMFs with various types of modulation are given. Original Russian Text ? G.I. Kas’yanov, A.A. Zaporozhskii, M.G. Baryshev, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 3, pp. 60–63.     

Developing a technology of functional meat products with food fibers

Data on the development of a technology for producing food fibers (FFs) from wheat bran and formulations of dietary and preventive meat products making up the lack of FFs are given. Original Russian Text ? A.G. Khramtsov, V.V. Sadovoi, S.A. Levchenko, O.Yu. Shmat’ko, Yu.A. Anisimova, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 1, pp. 53–55.     

白洋淀浮游动物群落结构与水环境因子的关系

为揭示白洋淀浮游动物群落结构动态特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2009—2010年和2018—2019年对白洋淀浮游动物及水环境因子进行6次调查,采用生态位指数、冗余分析(RDA)等方法对白洋淀浮游动物群落结构变化、优势种生态位分化及其与水环境因子的关系进行研究。结果显示:白洋淀浮游动物物种数从2009年的56种减少至2019年的43种,密度从3.64×10~3ind·L~(-1)下降至1.70×10~3ind·L~(-1),且物种组成相似度极低;共同优势种为针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)及螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis),其生态位宽度分别增加了7.79%、9.76%和22.11%;优势种平均生态位重叠指数增加了35.26%,优势种间高度重叠(Oik0.6)的种对数量占比增加了30.08%。RDA分析表明,pH、总氮(TN)和溶解氧(DO)始终是影响白洋淀浮游动物群落结构的主要水环境因子。     

Energy-saving onion harvesting technology

A set of machines for harvesting onions (bulbs and sets), including the OLL-1.4 machine for removing onion leaves and weed plants, KLN-1.4 pull-type mounted onion digger, and PPL-0.8 onion winddrow pickup, and their technical and mechanical indices are given. Original Russian Text ? N.P. Laryushin, A.M. Laryushin, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 1, pp. 55–56.     

高速公路沿线土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化研究

为分析高速公路沿线土地利用及生态系统服务价值的变化规律,确定高速公路对沿线土地的影响范围,以京承高速北京段沿线10km范围的1995、2004、2009年3期TM遥感影像提取的土地利用数据为基础,基于GIS分析各种土地利用类型面积变化的特点、规律和原因,并分析了与高速公路不同距离范围内土地利用程度与生态服务价值的变化规律。结果表明:1)从1995—2009年,京承高速沿线土地用地结构发生了较大的变化,各种用地类型之间的转换较为频繁,说明高速公路的修建对于沿线土地利用类型的影响剧烈,尤其沿线农业结构调整变化明显;2)高速公路沿线土地利用程度与高速公路的距离有较大关系,土地利用程度变化最剧烈的区域为3~8km,8km外,土地利用程度变化开始减小;3)1995—2009年,京承高速沿线生态服务价值先增加后减少,由于园地面积显著增加,京承高速沿线土地生态系统服务价值的总量变化相对平稳,距离高速公路1~3km的生态系统服务价值变化最剧烈,8km外,生态系统服务价值的变化逐渐平稳。     

昆山市土壤养分现状与变化趋势研究

2009年对昆山市土壤养分进行检测,检测结果显示:有机质35.5 g·kg^-1,全氮2.22 g·kg^-1,碱解氮162 mg·kg^-1,有效磷15.1mg·kg^-1,速效钾115 mg·kg^-1,pH值6.0。与第二次土壤普查相比,有机质和全氮含量呈上升趋势,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量明显提高,pH值呈下降趋势。     

Seroimmunological affiliation of African swine fever virus isolated in the Russian Federation

The results of determining the seroimmunological affiliation of African swine fever (ASF) virus isolates obtained in 2007–2009 in the Russian Federation as well as in Armenia and Abkhazia are given. It is established that these isolates belong to the ASF virus of serotype VIII and differ from isolates obtained in 1957–1980 in Europe and Latin America.     

Heat resistance of varieties and red-leaf and green-leaf rootstocks in apple variety—rootstock combinations

The degree of heat resistance of varieties and rootstocks depending on the presence of anthocyans in tissues is studied. In 2009, injury of the variety-rootstock combination Korichnoe/PB at 40°C scored 0.5–1.5 points and Korichnoe/PRG, 2.0–2.5 points; in 2010, injury of the red-leaf rootstock Paradizka Budagovskogo scored 0.5–1.0 points and that of its green-leaf mutant PRG, 1.5 points. The high heat resistance of red-leaf rootstocks and varieties grafted on these rootstocks is shown.     

Mycotoxin contamination of reindeer moss

Reindeer moss samples taken in 2009–2010 in northern European Russia (Murmansk oblast, Karelia) are found to be extensively and multiply contaminated with mycotoxins. The possibility of the development on reindeer moss of individual species of toxic fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Fusarium is discussed.     

湛江湾海域夏季鱼类群落的完整性评价

鱼类群落结构及其完整性是渔业资源有效管理的重要组成部分。根据2008-2012年夏季(8月)湛江湾海域拖网渔业资源调查数据,本文通过单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、种类相对重要性指数(IRI)、多样性指数分析了鱼类群落结构;在此基础上应用赋值法构建了鱼类完整性评价指数(F-IBI),以评价该鱼类群落的完整性和受干扰程度。结果表明:该海域共捕获鱼类103种,隶属于17目48科,以鲈形目种类数(58种)最多;质量渔获率、尾数渔获率依次为39.5~75.1 kg/h,1.0×103~1.8×104尾/h;优势种以裘氏小沙丁鱼(Sardinella jussieu)为主。鱼类种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')分别为3.34~5.03和2.80~3.28。2008-2012年CPUE均值为(16.11±5.13)kg/(kw·d),整个海湾的年均资源量约为(93.04±26.44)t。鱼类群落完整性分析表明,2008-2012年湛江湾鱼类群落受轻度干扰,鱼类群落完整性较好;2009、2010年湛江湾鱼类群落受干扰程度较重,其余年份较小。此外,2010-2012年鱼类个体平均体质量较2008-2009年降低了53.9%,一定程度上反映了鱼类个体的小型化。     

厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件下西北太平洋柔鱼栖息地时空分布差异

柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartarmii）是短生命周期头足类,其栖息地受气候和环境因子的调控。本文基于2006—2015年9—11月西北太平洋36o—48oN,150o—170oE海域内柔鱼的生产捕捞数据结合关键环境因子海表温度（SST）和海面高度距平（SSHA）,构建了SISST和SISSHA（suitability index,SI）各月不同权重的栖息地指数模型（HSI）,按照模型性能验证并筛选出每月最优模型。此外,利用最优模型预测柔鱼栖息地适宜性,并比较不同ENSO事件下柔鱼栖息地时空分布的差异性,评估生境质量与柔鱼资源丰度与分布的关系。结果显示,9-11月对应最优HSI模型的SISST和SISSHA权重比例分别为：9月为[0.9 0.1],10月为[0.7 0.3],11月为[0.8 0.2],可以看出SST各月贡献最高,表明水温对柔鱼栖息地时空分布的影响最为关键。基于最优模型对比分析厄尔尼诺年份（2009和2015年）与拉尼娜年份（2007和2011年）柔鱼的生境质量、资源丰度和渔场纬度重心,可知,相对于厄尔尼诺事件,拉尼娜事件的发生有利于柔鱼的生存,促使其适宜生境范围扩大,产量提升,柔鱼偏好的水温向北移动驱使渔场位置同样北移。     

In-field hyperspectral proximal sensing for estimating quality parameters of mixed pasture

A study was conducted to explore the potential use of a hand-held (proximal) hyperspectral sensor equipped with a canopy pasture probe to assess a number of pasture quality parameters: crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ash, dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD), lignin, lipid, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) during the autumn season 2009. Partial least squares regression was used to develop a relationship between each of these pasture quality parameters and spectral reflectance acquired in the 500–2 400 nm range. Overall, satisfactory results were produced with high coefficients of determination (R ²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD). High accuracy (low root mean square error-RMSE values) for pasture quality parameters such as CP, ADF, NDF, ash, DCAD, lignin, ME and OMD was achieved; although lipid was poorly predicted. These results suggest that in situ canopy reflectance can be used to predict the pasture quality in a timely fashion so as to assist farmers in their decision making.     

美国抗线虫葡萄砧木新品种9365-43

葡萄砧木新品种9365-43是由L514-10与V.champinii c9038杂交获得,对根结线虫、剑线虫、柑桔根线虫和根腐线虫具有良好的抗性,同时具有抗葡萄根瘤蚜的特性,生根能力强,嫁接亲和力高,雌能花,是一个非常优良的砧木新品种,2009年获得美国专利（专利编号： US PP20051 P2）,具有广阔的应用前景。     

网围养蟹对浮游植物群落结构变化的影响

2008年6月至2009年5月,调查了阳澄湖网围养殖区及对应湖泊区域3组对照点的浮游植物群落结构特征,分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境变量之间的关系,利用多种参数对其水质进行评价。经鉴定,共采集到浮游植物8门116属275种,网围内主要优势种为不定微囊藻(Microcyst isincerta)、铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa)和伪鱼腥藻属未定种(Pseudoanabaena sp.),网围外主要优势种为不定微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻、伪鱼腥藻属未定种及密集微囊藻(M. densa)。网围内浮游植物生物密度年均值[(3 143. 38±3 660. 84)×104个/L]及生物量[(3. 71±2. 31) mg/L]均低于网围外湖区对照点生物密度年均值[(3 830. 77±4 296. 56)×104个/L]及生物量[(5. 24±4. 10) mg/L]。冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,与生物密度呈正相关关系。水质分析表明,网围内外水体均为富营养化中污染水平,且3组对照点之间无显著性差异(P 0. 05)。     

基于GIS的东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼时空分布年际差异分析

根据2003-2012年中国拖网渔船在东南太平洋公海的生产统计数据,基于GIS的地统计分析和空间分析方法,研究智利竹（竹夹） 鱼资源密度时空分布的年际变化。结果表明：东南太平洋智利竹（竹夹）鱼不同年份空间分布趋势变化明显,2003与2004年,资源密度高值区分布在78°~85°W的东北部水域,由东北部向西南部递减;2005、2006及2007年,分布情况与前两年类似,但变化梯度较以前缓和;2008与2009年,资源密度高值区分布散乱,无明显规律;2010年,整体上资源密度呈西高东低的趋势,高值区多分布在93°W以西的水域;2011年,资源密度高值区分布在西北部水域;2012年,资源密度高值区分布在28°~38°S的西北部水域,由西北部向东部递减。热点分析与地统计分析结果一致,它们之间可相互印证。智利竹（竹夹）鱼资源密度高值点均分布在45°S以北。     

华北地区农田土壤镉来源及大气沉降的贡献

为研究农田土壤重金属镉（Cd）的来源,采用源清单法统计了华北地区（北京、天津、河北和山东）大气沉降、灌溉水、畜禽粪便、化肥施用和市政污泥5种途径对农田土壤Cd的输入量。结果表明：2005—2009年华北农田土壤Cd的输入量范围为1.56~2.63 mg·m^-2·a^-1,其中灌溉水输入贡献最大（63.0%）,其次为大气沉降（30.9%）、畜禽粪便（5.2%）、化肥施用（0.6%）和市政污泥（0.3%）。2015—2019年华北农田Cd的输入量减小为0.22~0.35 mg·m^-2·a^-1,其主要来源变为大气沉降,贡献占比56.5%;灌溉水、畜禽粪便、化肥施用和市政污泥占比分别为13.7%、23.8%、3.9%和2.1%。除了化肥施用,其他4种源的Cd输入量在过去15 a中均呈现不同程度的下降趋势,大气沉降取代灌溉水成为近年来华北地区农田土壤Cd的主要来源。     

Calibration of a capacitance probe for measurement and mapping of dry matter yield in Mediterranean pastures

The main objective of this study was to calibrate a commercial capacitance probe for measuring pasture dry matter yields under Mediterranean conditions. The standard method of assessing pasture biomass is based on cutting all the forage within a specified area and requires great effort and expense to collect enough samples to accurately represent a pasture. The field tests were carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 on different dates (phenological stages), and on five dairy farms, representing typical pastures in the region (grasses; legumes; and bio-diverse flora, mixture of grasses, legumes and others species). The linear regression techniques used in 2007 to relate the weight of the herbage (direct measurements) to the meter reading of capacitance (indirect measurements) led to high regression coefficients in grasses (R² = 0.90; P < 0.01) and heterogeneous botanical composition (R² = 0.87; P < 0.001) and moderate regression coefficient in legumes species (R² = 0.48; P < 0.05). The validation of the calibration equations in 2008 and 2009 in two sites showed RSME values of 130 kg ha⁻¹ in heterogeneous botanical composition and 456 kg ha⁻¹ in legumes. The results indicated that the capacitance probe together with a GPS receiver might support site-specific management of pastures which would be useful in large areas.     

秸秆还田下氮肥用量对玉米产量及土壤无机氮的影响

研究连续2年秸秆还田下氮肥用量对玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮的影响,结果表明,玉米产量随着施氮量的增加逐渐增加,施氮量达到216 kg·hm^-2时,产量最高,施氮量超过216 kg·hm^-2时产量有降低的趋势。相同施氮处理玉米产量年际变化明显,2010年较2009年产量提高0.69%~4.75%。氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮收获指数随着秸秆还田年限的增加,均有不同程度的增加。2年0~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量均以施氮240 kg·hm^-2最高,且有向土壤深层迁移的趋势,对浅层地下水构成潜在的威胁。与施氮240 kg·hm-2相比,施氮168、192 kg·hm^-2和216 kg·hm^-2处理0~100 cm土壤无机氮残留量2年平均减少39.87%、35.84%和29.38%。相同施氮处理,0~100 cm土壤无机氮累积量2010年较2009年略有降低。综合考虑玉米产量、氮肥利用率与生态环境效益,该地区最适施氮量200 kg·hm^-2左右。