施氮水平对杂交晚粳“浙优12”产量及氮素利用效率的影响

为探讨杂交粳稻"浙优12"最佳施氮量,采用田间试验研究了不同施氮水平对浙北平原黄松田水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,水稻产量、氮肥生理效率(PEN)、氮肥回收率(REN)均以施氮量210 kg/hm2处理最高,分别比无氮肥区提高了54.4%、34.1 kg/kg和58.6%;与无氮肥区相比,在施N 150 kg/hm2基础上,配施适量有机肥有助于提高氮素利用率和产量,其PEN和REN分别提高33.1 g/g和50.6%,水稻增产61.2%。本试验条件下,综合稻谷产量、生态效应和经济效益三项因素,合理的水稻施氮量为N 234.8～241.0 kg/hm2,相应的经济生态产量为9796.4～9801.9 kg/hm2。     

太湖地区稻麦轮作系统下施氮量对作物产量及氮肥利用率影响的研究

太湖地区过量施肥现象相当普遍, 导致 N 肥利用率低和 N 肥损失严重.为此,2004-2006年在中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站进行了连续稻麦轮作试验,研究不同施 N 量对该地区水稻和小麦产量及 N肥利用率的影响,以寻找较为适当的 N 肥施用量,该施 N 量即能使作物不减产,又要保持较高的 N 肥利用率.试验结果表明施 N 量超过150 kg/hm2 后,作物产量增加较少.当施N量从100 kg/hm2 增加到350 kg/hm2,连续3 年的水稻平均N肥吸收利用率(REN)为46.1% ～ 32.4%,两年小麦试验结果显示小麦的平均REN为 36.0% ～ 27.8%.相应的水稻和小麦的农学利用率(AEN)是15.0 ～ 5.56 kg/kg 和 17.1 ～ 6.91 kg/kg.研究还表明太湖地区水稻经济适宜施N量为209 kg/hm2,小麦是219 kg/hm2,在当地作物品种、气候条件和管理方式下,作物产量可分别达到8.2 t/hm2和4.7 t/hm2的高产,水稻的REN、N肥生理利用率(PEN)、AEN、N肥偏生产力(PFPN) 可保持为37.6%、29.5 kg/kg、11.0 kg/kg 和44.5 kg/kg;小麦则是31.4%、38.4 kg/kg、12.0 kg/kg和23.7 kg/kg.显然,适宜的施N量不仅没使作物减产,而且保证了作物最大的经济效益,并保持了较高的N肥利用率.     

钾肥用量对水稻钾素分配累积、钾肥利用效率及平衡的影响

为宁夏引黄灌区水稻钾肥合理施用提供参考,2013～2014年以"节3号"水稻为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组设计研究不同施K2O量(0、30、60、90、120 kg/hm2)对水稻产量、成熟期钾素分配比例、钾肥利用效率及土壤钾素平衡的影响,以明确宁夏引黄灌区水稻生产钾肥适宜用量。结果表明:施用钾肥显著提高水稻实粒产量和秸秆产量,平均增产率分别为10.0%、16.9%和19.0%、8.3%,降低空秕粒产量15.9%、34.7%。钾肥用量和水稻籽粒产量之间有极显著的二次曲线关系,两年中最高产量施钾量分别为129.6、122.5 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量施钾量分别为110.7、111.4 kg/hm2。成熟期水稻秸秆钾素分配比例占80%以上,其次为实粒13.2%～15.5%、14.0%～17.6%,空秕粒低于3%。实粒钾素累积量两年趋势相似,K120处理累积量最高,较对照提高13.9%、50%。空秕粒钾素累积量随着钾肥用量的增加而降低,较对照均有显著差异。水稻地上部钾素累积量两年均以K90处理最高,较对照提高22.5%、20.2%。水稻钾肥利用效率范围为28.6%～46.0%,16.6%～46.3%,两年均为K90处理最高。钾肥偏生产力和农学利用率随施钾量的增加而下降。施用钾肥各处理土壤钾素均表现为匮缺,其中120 kg/hm2施钾处理土壤亏缺量最低,较对照分别降低42.7%、39.5%。生产中实施秸秆还田后对土壤的钾素补充范围分别为160.2～203.1、173.4～205.7 kg/hm2,实施秸秆还田后施钾量高于60 kg/hm2以上可以维持钾素平衡。综合考虑提高水稻产量、钾肥利用效率及维持土壤钾素平衡等因素,在目前的生产条件下,宁夏引黄灌区水稻施钾量在110.7～129.6 kg/hm2范围内为宜。     

长期水稻-大麦轮作体系土壤供氮能力与作物需氮量研究

通过18年稻麦轮作,7个施肥处理,研究了水稻-大麦轮作系统中土壤生产力、氮素自然供应能力、作物氮素内部利用率及氮肥表观利用率。结果表明,在水旱轮作下,土壤对大麦产量的地力贡献率平均为69%,水稻为75%～81%; 肥料的增产贡献率分别为31%和19%～25%,可维持每年生产大麦2.3 t/hm2、稻谷6～7 t/hm2。土壤氮素自然供给力在大麦上平均为75.9%,比水稻的低3.3%～7.2%。在一年三熟水旱轮作制中,土壤和环境年供氮118～299 kg/hm2; 在一年二熟轮作制中为86～199 kg/hm2。施氮肥条件下,大麦的氮素内部利用率为31.0～56.3 kg/kg; 水稻在23.6～50.2 kg/kg之间变动; 大麦的氮肥利用率变幅在27.5%～41.2%,水稻为14.6%～41.2%。在稻麦轮作系统中,如果想获得作物产量12 t/hm2（4 t大麦和8 t 单季稻）,需要每年施氮肥 N 226～337 kg/hm2。为获得更高的作物产量,在氮肥推荐时不但要考虑作物的目标产量,作物对氮素的需要量,还要充分考虑土壤和环境氮素供应能力。     

9个水稻品种对氮、磷和钾肥的响应及差异

采用田间试验研究了施肥对9个水稻品种的产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的影响,并比较了不同品种水稻对肥料的响应差异,以期为水稻的科学施肥提供依据。结果表明,不施肥处理(CK)9个水稻品种产量变幅为5 312~7 473 kg/hm2,平均为6 444 kg/hm2,变异系数为13.3%。NPK处理显著提高了各品种产量,与CK相比,增产量分别为3 240~5 578 kg/hm2,平均增产量4 262 kg/hm2;增产率分别为47.2%~91.3%,平均增产率66.1%。试验条件下,施氮可显著提高各品种产量和氮素吸收量,与不施氮处理(PK)相比增产39.6%~90.9%,氮素吸收量增加59.4%~157.8%;磷、钾肥对水稻的产量无显著影响。不同水稻品种的氮肥利用率也存在较大差异,变幅为23.2%~53.8%。     

栽培方式与施磷量对水稻养分累积、分配及磷素平衡的影响

针对宁夏引黄灌区水稻磷肥施用不合理的问题,探索水稻增产与养分高效的磷肥供应与相应的栽培模式之间的关系,以指导该地区水稻生产。通过在宁夏引黄灌区进行的田间试验,研究插秧和直播两种栽培模式下不同供磷水平(P2O50、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2)对水稻产量、不同器官氮磷钾养分含量、累积量及其分配比例、水稻磷肥利用效率及磷素平衡的影响。结果表明:插秧栽培较直播栽培水稻实粒增产15.6%,瘪粒产量降低184.0%。两种栽培方式下,水稻产量随着施磷量增加而增加,插秧栽培增产幅度为64.6%~68.7%,直播栽培增产幅度为24.2%~42.6%。施磷量和水稻籽粒产量之间有极显著的二次曲线关系,插秧水稻最高产量施磷量为158.5 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量施磷量为146.7 kg/hm2,比直播处理降低11.42%、8.9%。与直播处理相比,插秧处理实粒、地上部的氮素累积量分别提高12.3%、12.01%,磷素累积量降低6.39%、2.61%,钾素累积量提高了11.67%、17.87%。直播处理100 kg籽粒氮磷钾消耗比例为1∶0.35∶0.6,插秧处理为1∶0.30∶0.64。插秧处理水稻磷肥利用效率、偏生产力、农学利用效率、生理利用效率较直播处理分别提高了17.4%、8.6%、38.4%、4.6%,两种栽培方式下,当施磷量超过135 kg/hm2后水稻磷素携出量开始下降,施磷处理磷肥表观平衡均表现为盈余。综合考虑提高水稻产量、效益、磷肥当季回收率及维持土壤磷素平衡等因素,在本试验条件下,插秧处理最佳施磷范围为P2O5146.7~158.5 kg/hm2,直播处理为P2O5159.8~176.6 kg/hm2较为适宜。     

松嫩平原西部风砂土区大豆高产施肥措施的研究

试验采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了松嫩平原西部风砂土区大豆籽粒产量与氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、锌肥、钼肥五因素的定量关系,建立了产量形成的肥料反应模型,解析了各因素对总产量的主效应及互作效应,寻求定量生产水平下的最佳农艺措施,得出风沙土区大豆高产栽培措施为:N:101 9～113 8kg/hm2、P2O5:112 0～119 8kg/hm2、K2O:108 6～112 9kg/hm2、Zn:73 9～86 1g/hm2、Mo:102 0～114 4g/hm2。     

施肥对湖北麦冬产量的影响

试验采用了正交区组二次回归设计 ,以氮、磷、钾配方施肥为研究对象 ,系统地进行了湖北麦冬产量的分析 ,建立的施肥与产量之间的回归模型表明 :氮肥、钾肥对产量有显著的影响 ,磷肥则不明显。氮肥与磷肥的互作效应对产量的影响呈互补关系 ,在较低磷肥时随施氮肥的增加而产量增加 ,反之则下降。高氮、高钾、低磷配方施用能达最高产量点 ,施用N 4 5 5 7～ 4 95 4kg/hm2 、P2 O52 5 9 5～ 312 2kg/hm2 、K2 O 6 95 1～ 75 7 3kg/hm2 ,产量为 75 0 0kg/hm2 以上的概率为 99%。     

基于DNDC模型与二分法的滨海盐渍土水稻最佳施氮量研究

[目的]探讨滨海盐渍土水稻田的最佳施氮量,为研究区科学施氮提供一定决策依据。[方法]基于DNDC模型与数学二分法,模拟水稻在加施10%,20%,30%和减施10%,20%,30%等6种施氮条件下产量变化特征,划定最佳施氮量所在区间,并对最佳施肥量下的环境效益进行评价。[结果](1)在减施10%,20%,30%和增施10%,20%,30%氮肥时,水稻产量依次为6 431.67,5 939.22,5 439.66kg/hm2和7 686.51,7 739.94,7 739.94kg/hm2;(2)最佳施氮区间在增施10%~20%,即施氮区间为519.0~566.18kg/hm2。经二分法测算,该地最佳施氮量为528.214kg/hm2;(3)采用该最佳施氮量时,水稻种植期间总氮氧化合物排放量为9.24kg/hm2,具有良好环境效益。[结论]水稻全生长期内施用528.214kg/hm2的氮肥,滨海盐渍土水稻田产量达到最大值,兼具良好环境效益。     

水肥管理措施对水稻产量、养分吸收及稻田氮磷流失的影响

在天然降雨条件下,采用田间径流小区实地监测的方法,通过3年6茬水稻的试验,研究6种不同水肥管理措施(不施肥+常规灌溉、常规施肥+常规灌溉、优化施肥+常规灌溉、增量施氮+常规灌溉、增量施磷+常规灌溉、优化施肥+节水灌溉)对水稻产量、养分吸收及稻田氮磷流失的影响.结果表明:6种处理下的水稻干物质年产量为11 629～19 709 kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾年吸收量分别为90～174 kg/hm2,36～62kg/hm2,151～288 kg/hm2,地表径流总氮和总磷年流失量分别为14.0～42.9 kg/hm2和0.244～0.559kg/hm2;其中,增量施氮+常规灌溉处理的水稻产量,氮、钾养分吸收量及径流水总氮流失量相对最高;而“优化施肥+节水灌溉”处理的水稻产量、养分吸收量与“常规施肥+常规灌溉”处理相当,但可明显降低稻田地表径流的氮、磷流失量,同时每年可节省(比常规灌溉处理)灌溉水量900.5 m3/hm2,并能取得较好的经济效益和环境效益.     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.