An Automatic Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) Trap

Abstract

A biconical trap is described which incorporates a 5 KV electrocuting grid to stun tsetse flies, which then fall via a funnel into a preservative in a tube segregator capable of separating the catch at intervals of 1–24 hours. The trap was effective in Upper Volta and Ivory Coast against Glossina tachinoides (Westw.) and G palpalis s. 1. respectively. A 12 V 45Ah battery allowed continuous operation for over 20 days.     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

Mulberry Silkworm Ujifly, Exorista Bombycis (Louis) (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Among several factors that influence silk yield, insect and non-insect pests form an important component. Of the insects that attack silkworm, the most important are the tachinid parasites which are commonly known as ujiflies. There are at least four species of ujifly that attack silkworms viz., Japanese ujifly, Crossocosmia sericariae (Rondani); Hime ujifly, Ctenophorocera pavida (Meigen); Tasar ujifly, Blepharipa zebina (Walker) and the Indian ujifly, Exorista bombycis (Louis). This review discusses distribution and history, taxonomy and bio-ecology of the ujifly. Among the different management practices used, cultural methods such as exclusion, i.e. fitting fly-proof wire mesh screens to the windows, ventilators and doors of rearing rooms and securing fly proof nylon net to individual trays, are found to be the most eco-friendly and economical. Other practices such as the use of hyper parasitoids, chemicals, chemosterilants, quarantine measures and lastly the integrated management practices have also been presented.     

蜜柑大实蝇在中国的适生性研究

蜜柑大实蝇Bactrocera(Tetradacus)tsuneonis(Miyake)是重要的检疫性有害生物,危害柑橘类作物.本研究在中国748气象站点的气象数据和蜜柑大实蝇生物学数据的基础上综合运用CLIMEX软件与ArcGIS软件对蜜柑大实蝇在我国的适生性进行研究.结果显示:蜜柑大实蝇在我国具有较高的适生性,适生范围涉及33个省、市(区),其中广西、广东、贵州、重庆、湖北、江苏的广大地区,四川、云南的东南部,陕西、河南的南部,安徽、台湾的北部和海南的中部地区等为高度适生区.本研究明确了蜜柑大实蝇在我国的适生性,提出了针对不同适生程度区域内的防控措施建议,对科学制定我国蜜柑大实蝇检疫政策和措施、防止该实蝇入侵和进一步扩散等具有重要的意义.     

Genetics of Pyrethroid Resistance in a Strain (ALHF) of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Five house fly lines were derived from crosses of the pyrethroid-resistant ALHF (wildtype) and the susceptible aabys (bearing recessive morphological markers on each of five autosomes) strains. Each line was homozygous for one mutant-type marker from aabys. The level of resistance to permethrin was measured for each line to determine the genetic linkage of pyrethroid resistance in ALHF. Permethrin resistance in ALHF was 6600-fold compared with that in aabys. Resistance in flies bearing a mutant-type marker on autosome 4 was similar to that in ALHF. Flies with mutant-type markers on autosomes 1 and 2 had relatively lower resistance than ALHF; flies with mutant-type markers on autosomes 3 and 5 had much lower levels of resistance. These results demonstrated that factors on autosomes 3 and 5 play very important roles in pyrethroid resistance, whereas factors on autosomes 1 and 2 may have relatively small roles in resistance. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased toxicity of permethrin in strains with mutant-type markers on autosomes 3 and 4 similar to that in ALHF. Slightly decreased synergism ratios in strains with autosomes 1 and 2 mutant-type markers compared with ALHF indicated that factors on autosomes 1 and 2 might make a small contribution in P450 monooxygenase-mediated resistance. However, when the autosome 5 mutant-type marker was present, PBO did not substantially decrease resistance, suggesting that the factor(s) on autosome 5 plays the most important role in P450 monooxygenase-mediated resistance. The resistance ratios of permethrin + PBO in strains with mutant-type markers on autosomes 1, 2, and 5 were significantly lower than those in ALHF, suggesting that factors on autosomes 1, 2, and 5 might be involved in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms other than P450-mediated detoxication. Injection did not change levels of resistance in the house flies tested, revealing that decreased rate of cuticular penetration (pen) probably does not play an important role in pyrethroid resistance in ALHF. The interaction and regulation of different mechanisms and/or factors involved in pyrethroid resistance in house flies are discussed.     

草莓番石榴上两种瘿蚊害虫的区分

草莓番石榴原产巴西,其果实、叶片和植株均具有较高的经济价值,是热带地区的重要果树,目前在我国南方部分省份已有栽培。番石榴单须瘿蚊Elachypalpus psidii Maia&Nava和巨叶瘿蚊Dasineura gigantea Angelo&Maia是仅知的两种在南美洲严重为害草莓番石榴的害虫,在我国需要被考虑列为潜在的重要进境植物检疫性有害昆虫。本文在国内首次详细描述了这两种瘿蚊的形态特征、生物学特性以及为害特点等,以期为这两种番石榴害虫的鉴定提供依据,并使读者了解其经济重要性,为这类害虫的进一步研究、检疫和预防提供参考。     

中国柑橘大实蝇遗传多样性分析

利用4对微卫星引物对采自中国7省市的18个柑橘大实蝇地理种群进行标记,并进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,从供试柑橘大实蝇地理种群检测到的等位基因数为19~30个,平均为23.06个,且4个微卫星位点(Bp125、BcuF 1.6、Bcac 5.10、Bcac 6.10)的等位基因数分别为7、14、9、8个。对18个柑橘大实蝇种群的哈迪—温伯格平衡测试结果显示,其卡方值的变化范围为5.582~∞,各种群间差异显著(变化范围为0.000~0.694)。表明中国柑橘大实蝇种群的遗传多样性较高,且不同种群间存在较大的遗传分化。     

南亚实蝇成虫空间分布型及抽样技术

南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau(Walker)是瓜果蔬菜上重要的检疫性害虫,常导致严重的经济损失。本文旨在明确其在主要寄主作物(丝瓜、“苦瓜-桂花”系统)上的空间格局,并根据最适理论抽样数制定了采样方案,以便为该虫管理决策提供科学依据。于2020年7月和9月分别在立架栽培的丝瓜地和“苦瓜-桂花”系统采用黄板诱捕实蝇类害虫,用非参数两独立样本t测验分析不同生境南亚实蝇雌、雄成虫种群密度的差异显著性,用2个常用的聚集度指标(C和k)和2个回归模型(Taylor幂回归模型和Iwao的m~*-m回归模型)分别分析雌虫、雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”的空间格局。共诱集实蝇成虫3 542头,“苦瓜-桂花”系统只诱集到南亚实蝇,丝瓜地诱集到4种果实蝇,其中南亚实蝇占97.2%,为优势种。桂花树上的南亚实蝇雌虫种群密度显著高于苦瓜地(Z=-2.932,P=0.003),为后者的1.87倍;丝瓜地样地Ⅱ中的雌虫种群密度显著大于样地Ⅰ(Z=-7.160,P<0.001),为后者的3.13倍。回归分析表明,对雌虫,Taylor的b和Iwao的β与1无显著差异(t_c...     

Influence of edible fruit coatings on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) oviposition and development

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly recently detected in the United States that severely threatens the viability of soft skinned fruit production. Insecticides mitigate some of this damage, but alternative methods to manage D. suzukii infestation are needed. We tested three edible coatings to determine if they could prevent or reduce oviposition by D. suzukii females or affect immature survivorship and development in two important host crops, blueberry and raspberry. None of the coatings prevented oviposition, but some reduced the number of eggs laid. Two carnauba wax-based coatings, PrimaFresh 45 and Raynox, dramatically reduced survivorship of immature D. suzukii in raspberries, but not in blueberries. Our results suggest that obtaining thorough, even coverage in the field will be essential if edible coatings are to be used as a management strategy for D. suzukii.     

桔小实蝇及其寄生性天敌——前裂长管茧蜂饲养方法

系统介绍了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)室内饲养的设备、步骤、技术要点、人工饲料配方及环境要求,并以桔小实蝇为寄主,实现了桔小实蝇幼虫-蛹期寄生性天敌前裂长管茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)的室内大量繁殖,为进一步利用该蜂防治桔小实蝇打下了良好的基础。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究进展

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊是葱韭蒜类蔬菜重要的地下害虫,尤喜食韭菜,其幼虫俗称韭蛆。因该虫发生量大且为害严重,近几年有些菜农大量使用化学农药,造成韭菜农药残留超标,"毒韭菜"事件频发,已引起社会各界的广泛关注。有关韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究主要集中在生物学特性和防治方法两方面,如生活习性、发生规律、化学杀虫剂室内毒力测定和田间药效比较、筛选等。有关组织学、解剖学、生理学的研究甚少,而分子生物学方面的研究尚未见报道。本文对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的研究成果进行了综述,分析了当前防治方法存在的问题,为今后的研究和防治提供新的思路。     

Autogeny in Piophila casei (Diptera, Piophilidae)

Two long-adapted laboratory strains of Piophila casei originating from Prague were found to be autogenous. However, protein-deprived females compared to protein-fed ones showed lower fecundity and fertility, and somewhat retarded oviposition extended over a longer period.     

瓜实蝇幼虫的分龄方法

瓜实蝇幼虫期共有3龄。对其1～3龄幼虫的体长、口钩长和口钩宽3个形态指标进行测量,结果表明,瓜实蝇1、2、3龄幼虫的体长分别为2.9224±0.1196 mm,5.2422±0.3067 mm,9.3035±0.2300mm;口钩长分别为0.0818±0.0012 mm,0.1503±0.0020 mm,0.2636±0.0022 mm;口钩宽分别为0.0469±0.0007 mm,0.0777±0.0009 mm,0.1280±0.0011 mm。不同龄幼虫间的体长、口钩长和口钩宽均有明显差异,其中口钩长和口钩宽数值范围在相邻龄期之间无重叠,可作为瓜实蝇幼虫分龄的依据。