双峰驼肾动脉分布

应用大体解剖学和血管铸型方法,研究了12峰双峰驼肾动脉的分支分布。结果显示,肾脏的肾动脉在进入肾门之前均分成一背干和一腹干,在肾窦内,背干分为一前支,再由前、后支分别发出背部贤脏的各肾段动脉。腹干不分前、后支,而由主干直接发出腹部肾脏的各肾段动脉。不仅各肾段动脉之间未见吻合,背干及其分支与腹干及其分支之间也无吻合。左肾肾段动脉共13条,右肾肾段动脉12条。表明,双峰驼不仅左、右肾的肾动脉与肾段动脉不尽相同,各肾的背部和腹部的动脉供应也存在差异。肾动脉的背干和腹干是相对独立的。     

双峰驼肘关节动脉分布

作者研究了双峰驼肘关节的动脉分布情况。结果表明：分布于双峰驼肘关节的动脉支有肘前支、肘内侧支、肘外侧支和肘后支。肘前支有肘前内侧支、肘前上支、肘前中支和肘前下支,均自肘横动发出;肘内侧支自尺侧副动脉分出;肘外侧支有肘外侧上支、肘外侧中支和肘外侧下支,均自肘横动脉分出;肘后支有肘后上支、肘后中肘、肘后下支,肘后内侧支、肘后外侧上支和肘后外侧下支,除肘后上支和肘后外侧上支自肘横动脉分出外,其斜匀自尺侧     

羊蹄部动脉血管分布的铸型观察

国外有关文献资料曾对牛、羊、猪等偶蹄动物的蹄部动脉来源有过简单描述[1,2],国内文献对单蹄和偶蹄动物肢蹄血管分布、分支也有部分记载,为后来学者进行相关研究奠定了基础[3-5].国内学者袁凤林等[6,7]曾先后对牛的蹄部血管来源、分支、分布构型做过研究报道,目前尚未见羊蹄部血管分布的详细记载,且相关文献叙述不尽相同.     

双峰驼荐尾部血管解剖

采用血管内灌注册颜料的方法解剖观察了双峰驼荐尾部血管的构筑情况。荐中动脉（Ａ．ｓａｃｒａｌｉｓ ｍｅｄｉａｎａ）是荐尾部的动脉主干,自腹主动脉末端背侧壁发出,沿荐骨盆面向后延伸,其侧支有第６腰动脉（Ａ．ｌｕｍｂａｌｉｓⅥ）、荐支（Ｒａｍｉｓａｃｒａｌｅｓ）、肌支（Ｒａｍｉ ｍｕｓｃｕｌａｒｉｓ）、尾外侧动脉干（Ｔｒｕｎｃｕｓ ｃａｕｄａｌｉｓ ｌａｔｅｒａｌｉｓ）和直肠支（Ｒｕｍｕｓ ｒｅｃｔａ     

初生亚洲象畸形心脏血管铸型观察

本试验在首次获得一个有两个心尖的初生亚洲象畸形心脏的基础上,利用管道铸型技术制作了亚洲象心脏铸型标本,观察了亚洲象主要血管的构成和走向。结果表明,亚洲象左冠状动脉分前降支、回旋支、室间隔动脉和后降支,无对角支。右冠状动脉分出右房支和右室支,右房支包括右房前支、右房中间支、右房后支,右室支包括右动脉圆锥支、右室前支、右缘支、右室后支。心静脉分为心大静脉、心中静脉、心小静脉,心大静脉、心中静脉直接汇入后腔静脉,心小静脉汇入心中静脉。     

犬肾动脉、脾动脉分支及其节段性分布

采用动脉铸型和大体解剖学方法观察了犬肾动脉 38例 ,脾动脉 30例。结果表明 :(1)犬肾动脉入肾前分为背干和腹干 ,由它们发出 2～ 6支肾段动脉 ,其分布区即为同名肾段。 (2 )犬肾段动脉有 5种分支类型 ,变异较大 ,但具有高度的对称性。 (3)犬脾动脉的分支均为双分支型 ,即分为脾上叶动脉和脾下叶动脉 ,将犬的脾脏分为 4个脾段 ,每 1个脾段由同名脾段动脉供应血液。 (4 ) 2 5例各脾段动脉之间无吻合支存在 ,称为“无血管区”;5例存在着少量吻合支 ,可称为“少血管区”。     

双峰驼脾脏的组织形态学观察

骆驼脾脏的形状和其它动物明显不同，为镰形，外缘呈锯齿状。其被膜很厚，富含平滑肌和弹性纤维，平滑肌层比结缔组织层厚，主要由相互垂直的两层构成。次级平滑肌性小梁发达，相互交织成网状，构成红髓的主要支架。白髓有典型的脾小结和动脉周围淋巴鞘，无边缘窦。边缘区明显，分布在脾小结、动脉周围淋巴鞘周围，可见大量吞噬含铁血黄素、ACP活性很强的巨噬细胞，开口于此的中央动脉分支十分丰富。鞘毛细血管主要分布在边缘区，其次是脾索的滤过区，白髓发达的个体更为多见，常见红细胞从椭球漏出，但胞质中未见含铁血黄素，ACP呈色反应呈阴性。脾索滤过区可见大量的毛细血管和吞噬有含铁血黄素、ACP活性很强的巨噬细胞。脾窦十分发达，窦壁细胞ACP和AKP均呈强阳性，窦腔中也有上述巨噬细胞。淋巴细胞在脾脏中的分布和其它动物及人相似。上述结果证实，骆驼脾脏属于免疫功能很强的防御性脾。     

绵羊肾段动脉及肾段的观察

试验应用血管铸型方法,对14枚(左肾7枚,右肾7枚)绵羊肾动脉分支分布做了研究。肾动脉在进入肾门前有两种分支形式:前后干型和背腹干型,后者占主要。背腹干分布形式的肾脏,背干在进入肾窦内分为一前支和一后支,由前支和后支发出肾脏背部各肾段动脉。腹干不分支而直接发出肾脏腹部各肾段动脉。各肾段动脉之间未见有吻合支。绵羊肾脏不论肾动脉是前后干型还是背腹干型,肾段动脉的数目均为7。肾段动脉分布的区域即为肾段,所以与之相应的肾段也有7个。     

兰州大尾羊肾动脉血管分布铸型研究

为了研究兰州大尾羊肾脏血管的分布情况,试验利用ABS塑胶液的冷塑性,用红色的塑胶液灌注于羊肾动脉,定型后,经过浓度为30%的盐酸腐蚀、自来水冲洗及人工修整等过程,制作羊肾脏铸型标本。结果表明:兰州大尾羊肾动脉入肾门后在肾实质内相继分支形成叶间动脉,在肾脏的皮质与髓质交界处延续为弓形动脉,由弓行动脉发出与肾表面近似垂直的小叶间动脉,小叶间动脉发出球小动脉和直小动脉;直小动脉可由弓行动脉、小叶间动脉和出球小动脉发出,伸向肾髓质。     

双峰驼髂内动脉的形态学观察

采用血管内灌注有色油画颜料的方法,解剖观察了双峰驼髂内动脉的分支及分布情况.髂内动脉是骨盆部动脉的主干,其分支有脐动脉、臀前动脉、闭孔动脉、臀后动脉和阴部内动脉.阴部内动脉的分支有阴道动脉、直肠中动脉、会阴腹侧动脉和阴蒂动脉.在双峰驼未见有会阴背侧动脉.还就双峰驼和其它家畜髂内动脉的解剖学特点进行了比较讨论.     

双峰驼初乳IgG的分离纯化及其向幼驼的转移

通过跟踪检测内蒙古阿拉善双峰母驼初乳IgG和幼驼血清IgG的动态含量，探讨了影响幼驼由母体获得被动免疫的因素。采用硫酸铵沉淀法2次沉淀乳清蛋白，再结合离子交换层析方法，从双峰驼初乳中分离纯化驼IgG；再用SDS—PAGE鉴定其纯度，测定其分子质量；用分离纯化的驼IgG免疫家兔，制备效价至少为1：32的兔抗驼IgG抗血清，采用单向免疫扩散法测定双峰驼初乳和幼驼血清IgG含量。揭示了初乳IgG向幼驼血液的转移模式，为生产中更好地饲养幼驼提供科学依据。     

双峰驼卵巢的组织结构

应用组织学方法对双峰驼卵巢的形态结构进行了显微与亚显微观察。结果显示 ,双峰驼卵巢表面被覆单层立方至单层扁平的生殖上皮 ,无排卵窝 ,上皮下为致密结缔组织白膜 ,卵巢实质由外周的皮质和中央的髓质构成。皮质中原始卵泡和初级卵胞数量稀少 ,其分布位置更靠近皮质中层 ,偶见同一卵泡内含 2个卵母细胞。体积大小和发育阶段不同的次级卵泡与三级卵泡闭锁时 ,所发生的形态变化不一致 ,可出现实心和囊状 2种闭锁卵泡。黄体中以粒性黄体细胞占优势 ,其细胞质中含大量脂质泡而呈海绵样。卵巢髓质中除含大量血管外 ,还见卵巢网分布     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

Determination of Acetaminophen in Bactrian Camel Plasma by RP-HPLC

To establish the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for determination of plasma concentration of acetaminophen in Bactrian camel, the chromatography was carried on a C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was composed of methanol-water (20:80),the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was set at 248 nm for acetaminophen.The retention time of acetaminophen was 6.5 min, and was not disturbed by other miscellaneous peaks.The calibration curve was linearity in the range of 0.08 to 10.24 μg/mL (R²=0.9997),and the quantitation limit of acetaminophen was 0.10 μg/mL.Both the inter-day and intra-day RSD were under 7.0%, the absolute recovery of the method was 80.39% to 93.56%,the relative recovery of the method was 94.66% to 104.73%.Therefore, the established method was simple, reproducible and accurate,which could be used for determination of plasma acetaminophen concentration and in vivo activities of CYP1A enzyme in Bactrian camel.     

反向高效液相色谱法检测双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

试验旨在建立测定双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度的反相高效液相色谱法（reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC）。选用Supelco Discovery C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以甲醇：水=20：80为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,紫外检测波长为248 nm,采用甲醇直接沉淀蛋白方法处理血浆样品。结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚的保留时间为6.5 min,分离度良好,无血浆杂峰干扰,且在0.08~10.24 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好（R²=0.9997,n=8）,检测限为0.10 μg/mL,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于7.0%,绝对回收率为80.39%~93.56%,相对回收率为94.66%~104.73%。因此,本试验所建立的RP-HPLC法操作简便、准确,重复性好,专属性强,适用于检测双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度,为后续的借助特异性探针药物--对乙酰氨基酚研究双峰驼CYP1A酶的体内活性提供了可靠而准确的定量方法。     

双峰驼卵巢的形态观察

在冬春季节里,通过对87个双峰驼卵巢进行观察测量,研究其形态及卵泡、黄体数量分布情况.空怀的双峰驼的卵巢上可看到许多大小不同的卵泡、红体、黄体.在整个发情期都有较多的卵泡分布,其卵泡和黄体明显突出,形状一般为球形或者半球形,边界清晰,与其它哺乳动物明显不同.单个卵巢卵泡数最多可达69个,直径最大可达3.31 cm,黄体...     

The Arterial Supply of the Carpal Joint in the Bactrian Camel (Camelus Bactrianus)

The arterial supply of the six carpal joints was studied in Bactrian camels. The arterial branches supplying the carpal joints were the proximal medial dorsal, middle medial dorsal, distal medial dorsal, proximal lateral dorsal, distal lateral dorsal, proximal medial palmar, distal medial palmar, lateral palmar, proximal palmar and dorsal palmar carpi and the dorsal interosseous antebrachium branches. Some small unnamed branches supplied the diverticulum and the antebrachiocarpal joint capsule. All these arteries arose from the lateral and medial branches of the radial artery.     

Gross anatomy of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve ofthe head and cranial neck region in the Bactrian camel

Seven heads and necks of Bactrian camels were dissected to investigate the origin, course, branches anddistribution of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve in the cranial cervical region. The spinal root and external branch of the accessory nerve were not present, but there was a delicate communicating branch between the dorsal root of the first cervical nerve and the root of the vagus nerve. The sternocephalic muscle was innervated by the second cervical nerve while the brachiocephalic and trapezius muscles were supplied by the sixth and seventh cervical nerves. In the head and cranial cervical region of the Bactrian camel the vagus nerve gave oft the auricular branch, pharyngeal branch, cranial laryngeal nerve, a common trunk to the larynx, oesophagus and trachea, and some communicating branches connecting with the glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, first cervical nerves and the cranial cervical ganglion.