Effect of roxarsone inclusion in the diet on the performance and hepatic lipid metabolism of laying Tsaiya duck

1. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) inclusion in the diet on the performance, liver function and lipid metabolism in the liver of laying Brown Tsaiya ducks. 2. Sixty 36-week-old laying ducks were selected and allocated at random into 4 dietary treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. Feeding was for 7 weeks with 3 weeks of experimental diets followed by a 4 week withdrawal period. The experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg roxarsone, respectively 3. Dietary inclusion of 50 or 100 mg/kg roxarsone did not significantly promote performance. Inclusion of 300 mg/kg significantly depressed (P<0.05) performance, liver weight and content, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and increased (P<0.05) cholesterol, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum at the end of 3 weeks on the experimental diet. 4. Laying characteristics returned to normal 4 weeks after withdrawal of roxarsone. The liver weight, fat and TG in the liver and serum concentrations of TG, NEFA, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and AST increased significantly (P<0.05), while the level of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased (P<0.05) at the end of the withdrawal period. More prominent vacuolised hepatic fatty cells were observed in laying ducks treated with 300 mg/kg of roxarsone.     

芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋品质、脂质代谢和血清抗氧化指标的的影响

本试验旨在研究芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋品质、脂质代谢和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用240日龄体况良好的余干乌骨鸡120只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200和400 mg/kg芪枣提取物,试验期为56 d。结果表明：(1)余干乌骨鸡蛋壳黄度随芪枣提取物水平的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05),哈氏单位、蛋黄指数和蛋壳红度呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其他蛋品质指标各组之间无显著差异。(2)饲粮中添加芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡血清的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著差异。(3)芪枣提取物对余干乌骨鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量无影响。(4)余干乌骨鸡卵巢中VLDLR和肝脏中HMGR基因表达水平随芪枣提取物添加水平的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。(5)余干乌骨鸡血清中CAT、T-AOC和MDA含量随芪枣提取物水平的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加芪枣提取物能够提高余干乌骨鸡的抗氧化能力,并通过调节血清中脂肪代谢和抑制HMGR、VLDLR基因表达水平来调...     

Effect of maternal rearing on lipid metabolism-related gene expression in offspring broilers during embryonic development

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal rearing on lipid metabolism and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in offspring broilers during embryonic development. 2. One hundred laying Sanhuang breeders were divided into two groups, and either floor-reared or cage-reared on the same diet. Liver and serum samples were extracted on days 14 and 19 of embryonic development and at hatching. The lipid metabolism related gene expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), apolipoprotein B100(apoB100), sterol regulating element binding protein (SREBP-1c), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARα) genes were determined using real time RT-PCR. 3. The results showed that embryonic weight, liver weight, serum and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration and serum triglyceride (TG) content were not significantly different between the cage-reared group and the floor-reared group during embryonic development. However, embryonic weight, liver weight, serum and hepatic TC concentration and serum TG content in the cage-reared group were significantly higher than in the floor-reared group at hatching. 4. Hepatic ACC, FAS, SREBP-1c, ME and apoB genes expression were not significantly different between the cage-reared and the floor-reared groups during E9 and E14 development. Hepatic ME gene expression in the cage-reared group was higher than in the floor-reared group during E19 development. However, hepatic FAS, SREBP-1c, CPT-1 and PPARα gene expressions in the cage-reared group was higher than in the floor-reared group. 5. A change in the maternal regime could regulate lipid metabolism in offspring broilers during embryonic development, and especially at hatching.     

夏季高温条件下饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅生长性能、脂质代谢及肝脏中热休克蛋白70基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究夏季高温条件下饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅生长性能、脂质代谢及肝脏中热应激蛋白70(HSP70)基因表达的影响。挑选28日龄、体重相近的健康皖西白鹅150只,随机分成3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅。对照组试验鹅饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组试验鹅分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100和200 mL/kg刺梨提取物的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期14 d,试验期间最高气温37℃,最低气温24℃,日平均气温31.6℃。饲喂2周后,每个重复挑选1只鹅屠宰,采集血样,并分离出肝脏,测定血清脂质代谢指标和肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量。结果表明:饲粮中添加刺梨提取物对皖西白鹅的平均日采食量和平均日增重均无显著影响(P0.05),但添加200 mL/kg刺梨提取物可显著降低料重比(P0.05);饲粮中添加100和200 mL/kg刺梨提取物均可显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白含量(P0.05),但对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量均极显著提高(P0.01),同时试验1组肝脏中HSP70基因的相对表达量还极显著高于试验2组(P0.01)。由此得出,在夏季高温条件下,在皖西白鹅饲粮中添加刺梨提取物可提高饲料转化率、调节脂质代谢、上调肝脏中HSP70基因的表达,具有较明显的抗应激效果,且添加量为100 mL/kg时的抗应激效果优于添加量为200 mL/kg时。     

苜草素对蛋鸡胆固醇代谢的影响及其基因调控机制

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平苜草素对蛋鸡胆固醇代谢的影响,并探讨其基因表达调控机制。选取体重和产蛋率相近的26周龄尼克蛋鸡540只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加300、600、900、1 200 mg/kg的苜草素。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1)试验第35天和第70天,900 mg/kg苜草素组的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,900 mg/kg苜草素组显著升高了蛋鸡血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量和高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白(HDL/LDL)(P0.05),各组蛋鸡血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,600、900、1 200 mg/kg苜草素组显著降低了蛋鸡肝脏中3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)mRNA表达量(P0.05),900和1 200 mg/kg苜草素组显著升高了蛋鸡肝脏组织中胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)mRNA表达量(P0.05)。各组蛋鸡肝脏中固醇结合蛋白元件-2(SERBP-2)和卵巢中卵黄蛋白原受体(OVR)mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加苜草素降低了蛋黄胆固醇和全蛋胆固醇含量,其调控机制可能是通过抑制蛋鸡胆固醇的内源性合成和促进胆固醇向胆汁酸的转化排泄2种途径来实现。本试验推荐26~35周龄蛋鸡苜草素添加水平为900 mg/kg。     

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanism in broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on fat metabolism and to establish the molecular mechanism of these effects in broilers. Seventy‐two 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into three groups with different levels of EGCG supplementation for 4 weeks: normal control (NC) group, L‐EGCG (a low‐level supplement of EGCG, 40 mg/kg body weight daily) and H‐EGCG (a high‐level supplement of EGCG, 80 mg/kg body weight daily). After 4 weeks of oral administration, EGCG significantly reduced the level of abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The serum triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of chickens in H‐EGCG group were also significantly decreased compared with the NC group, and the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was notably increased at the same time. Moreover, the vital role of the liver and abdominal adipose tissue in lipid metabolism of poultry animals was examined through gene expression and enzyme activities related to fat anabolism and catabolism in these organs. Our data show that EGCG supplementation for 2 weeks significantly downregulated the expression of fatty acid synthesis and fat deposition‐related genes, and upregulated the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation and lipolysis genes. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase) were significantly decreased, and the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 was notably elevated. The results suggest that EGCG could alleviate fat deposition in broilers through inhibiting fat anabolism and stimulating lipid catabolism in broilers.     

番鸭产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成及AMPK信号通路基因表达研究

旨在探究产蛋各期番鸭肝腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路基因表达和肝脂肪酸组成,为番鸭肝脂质代谢应答产蛋提供机理研究。本研究选取开产前22周龄、产蛋初期30周龄、产蛋中期40周龄和产蛋末期60周龄母番鸭各15羽,全自动生化仪测定血脂水平,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和油红O染色观察肝组织学结构,实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）检测肝AMPK通路基因表达,气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）检测产蛋各期肝脂肪酸组成。结果表明,总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）水平在40周龄显著高于22、30和60周龄（P<0.05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平在30和40周龄显著低于22和60周龄（P<0.05）。肝HE和油红O染色切片显示,肝在22周龄呈实质状,至产蛋40和60周龄,肝脂滴沉积明显（P<0.05）。AMPKα1在22、30、40和60周龄呈本底低水平表达,并显著低于产蛋各期肉碱脂酰转移酶1（CPT1）和脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）的表达量（P<0.05）,FAS在22、40和60周龄均呈高水平表达（P<0.05）;羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）、肝细胞核因子4α（HNF4α）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1（ACC1）和固醇调控元件结合蛋白-1（SREBP1c）在40周龄表达量显著高于22和30周龄（P<0.05）。肝中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）主要由C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1和C20∶2 n-6构成,分别占总脂肪酸含量的32%、16%、30%和9%。C14∶0和C16∶0含量在40周龄显著高于22周龄（P<0.05）;C24∶0、C20∶2 n-6和PUFA含量在60周龄显著高于22和40周龄（P<0.05）。综上,番鸭产蛋期肝通过上调FAS等脂质合成基因表达,合成大量长链脂肪酸,沉积于肝,并增加血脂水平。     

Relevance of apolipoproteins in the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases in dairy cows

Most metabolic diseases in dairy cows occur during the peripartum period and are suggested to be derived from fatty liver initially developed during the nonlactating stage. Fatty liver is induced by hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acids that are released in excess by adipose tissues attributable to negative energy balance. The fatty accumulation leads to impairment of lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, and the impairment in turn influences other metabolic pathways in extrahepatic tissues such as the steroid hormone production by the corpus luteum. Detailed understanding of the impaired lipoprotein metabolism is crucial for elucidation of the mechanistic bases of the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases. This review summarizes results on evaluation of lipoprotein lipid and protein concentrations and enzyme activity in cows with fatty liver and those with ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever, downer syndrome and retained placenta. Obtained data strongly suggest that decreases in serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III, a reduction in activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are intimately related to the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related diseases. Moreover, determination of the apolipoprotein concentrations and enzyme activity during the peripartum period is useful for early diagnoses of these diseases.     

大豆黄酮对产蛋初期期和后期绍兴鸭产蛋性能及血清激素水平的影响

日粮中添加3mg/kg大豆黄酮分别饲喂产蛋初期和产蛋后期绍兴鸭,观察其对产蛋性能、血清GH、IGP-1和E2水平的影响.结果表明,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮显著降低绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重,饲料转化率下降,并伴随有血清GH水平显著降低.相反,产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮,绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著增加,血清GH水平也明显提高.无论在产蛋初期还是后期添加大豆黄酮对血清IGF-1和E2水平均无显著影响.结果表明,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮对绍兴鸭的产蛋性能具有抑制作用,而产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮可以促进绍兴鸭的产蛋性能,血清生长激素水平的相应变化提示GH可能是大豆黄酮作用途径的一个环节.     

大豆黄酮对产蛋初期和后期绍兴鸭产蛋性能及血清激素水平的影响

日粮中添加3mg/kg 大豆黄酮分别饲喂产蛋初期和产蛋后期绍兴鸭 ,观察其对产蛋性能、血清GH、IGP -1和E2 水平的影响。结果表明 ,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮显著降低绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重 ,饲料转化率下降 ,并伴随有血清GH水平显著降低。相反 ,产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮 ,绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著增加 ,血清GH水平也明显提高。无论在产蛋初期还是后期添加大豆黄酮对血清IGF -1和E2水平均无显著影响。结果表明 ,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮对绍兴鸭的产蛋性能具有抑制作用 ,而产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮可以促进绍兴鸭的产蛋性能 ,血清生长激素水平的相应变化提示GH可能是大豆黄酮作用途径的一个环节。     

饲料中添加发酵中草药对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中草药对京红蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响。选取体重相近、饲养管理水平一致的54周龄京红蛋鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药。预试期10 d,正式试验期56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄比例及蛋壳强度极显著升高(P<0.01),蛋白比例及蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及钙含量极显著升高(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯含量及肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏高密度脂蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。试验表明,京红蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药可以提高京红蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率,改善蛋品质和脂代谢能力。     

Effects of an aqueous alfalfa extract on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an aqueous alfalfa extract (AAE) on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens between 28 and 36 weeks of age. Four groups of commercial hens (Hy-Line Brown) were fed with diets containing 0, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% AAE. Dietary AAE had no effect on egg production parameters (p > 0.05). Shell strength was increased (linear and quadratic effects; p < 0.05) with gradient addition of AAE. Furthermore, shell strength was notably higher (p < 0.05) in 0.1% and 0.15% AAE groups than the control group. With an exception of serum low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum total triglycerides and liver cholesterol concentration (day 42), lipid indices in yolk, serum and liver were lowered (linear and quadratic effects; p < 0.05) at day 42 and day 56 as AAE in diets increased, as well as the enzyme activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. In relation to the control group, cholesterol and triglycerides in yolk, liver and serum and serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in 0.15% AAE-treated birds at day 42 and day 56. It also significantly decreased activities of ACC, HMG-CoA reductase and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) at day 56. The 0.1% AAE decreased triglycerides in yolk, liver and serum, as well as the activities of ACC and FAS at day 56. These data suggest that dietary AAE could be applied to improve egg shell quality and modify the lipid status of laying hens and eggs.     

紫苏籽油对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能及PUFAs组成的影响

旨在探究紫苏籽油对蛋雏鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能、免疫性能、血液生化指标及机体多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)组成的影响。选用14日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡120只,随机分4组:C组(基础日粮,n-6/n-3≈15∶1),T1组(基础日粮+0.1%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈10∶1)、T2组(基础日粮+0.6%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈5∶1)、T3组(基础日粮+6%紫苏籽油,n-6/n-3≈1∶1)。结果表明:与C组相比,T1、T2组雏鸡日增重显著提高(P<0.05)、料重比显著降低(P<0.05),试验组胫长增长速率无显著差异(P>0.05),但T1、T2组管围显著升高(P<0.05)。随着紫苏籽油添加量的增加,白蛋白含量存在线性下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均呈线性上升趋势,总胆固醇、甘油三酯及谷氨酰基转移酶呈二次相关趋势,且试验组均显著低于C组(P<0.05),T2组的白蛋白含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。T2组的总抗氧化能力显著高于C组(P<0.05),而T3组的丙二醛含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),且T2组含量最低。免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M和补体4在0.1%~0.6%范围内有显著增强效果(P<0.05)。随着紫苏籽油添加量的增加,机体内n-3PUFAs显著提高(P<0.05),n-6/n-3值显著下降(P<0.05)。综上所述,紫苏籽油有利于蛋雏鸡机体生长免疫及脂质代谢和PUFAs组成的调节,且以0.6%添加量饲养效果最佳。     

l-carnitine supplementation and lipid metabolism of rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet

Until now, there has been no clear knowledge about the effect of dietary carnitine supplementation on lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary l -carnitine supplementation (500 mg/kg) onx the lipid metabolism of adult rats. Rats fed a hyperlipidaemic basal diet containing 15% lard and 1% cholesterol were used as an animal model. The feeding period was 6 weeks. As parameters of lipid metabolism, the concentrations of individual lipids in plasma, lipoproteins and liver and the fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids were determined. There were no significant differences between the control group and the group receiving the diet supplemented with carnitine on parameters of animal performance (daily body weight gains and feed conversion ratio). As expected, plasma, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and liver exhibited high concentrations of cholesterol. Concentrations of triglycerides and phospholipids in plasma and individual lipoproteins as well as the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in the liver were not significantly altered by dietary carnitine supplementation. The concentration of cholesterol in plasma and liver was increased by dietary carnitine. The fatty acid composition of liver and erythrocyte total lipids was not influenced by dietary carnitine supplementation. In conclusion, this study does not indicate a lipid-lowering effect of dietary carnitine supplementation in hyperlipidaemic rats. Probably, the essential functions of carnitine in metabolism were realized by carnitine which was synthesized endogenously.     

Effects of dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation on growth performance,hepatic inflammation,and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on growth performance, hepatic inflammation, and lipid metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)‐affected weaned piglets. Eight piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and 16 IUGR‐affected piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (NBW and IUGR groups) or the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg DHA (IUGR‐DHA group) from 21 to 49 day of age. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 49. DHA supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised growth performance and liver damage in IUGR‐affected piglets. Additionally, DHA supplementation decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the serum levels of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), very‐low‐density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. In the liver, the concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, triglycerides, and NEFA were decreased. Fatty acid synthesis was decreased by DHA supplementation, whereas the activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase were increased. Dietary DHA supplementation led to upregulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway‐related genes, whereas that of inflammatory factor‐related genes were downregulated. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 80 mg/kg DHA can alleviate IUGR‐induced impairments in piglets.     

杜仲叶对绵羊脂肪代谢的影响及其机理

为研究杜仲叶对绵羊脂肪代谢和肉品质的影响,本研究随机选择70~80日龄、体重25~30 kg的绵羊(湖羊)30只,平均分为3组,分别为对照组(CTL组,饲粮中不含杜仲叶)、低水平杜仲叶组(EUL1组,饲粮含10%杜仲叶)和高水平杜仲叶组(EUL2组,饲粮含20%杜仲叶),每组10只。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。采集血液,测定血浆脂质代谢分析指标;采集背最长肌,测定营养物质含量;采集肝脏组织,测定脂肪代谢相关酶和核转录因子的mRNA表达水平和蛋白水平。结果表明:1)各组干物质采食量EUL1组EUL2组CTL组,组间差异显著(P0.05)。2)与CTL组相比,EUL2组血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著升高(P0.05),EUL1和EUL2组血浆低密度脂蛋白(LDL)(0.05≤P0.10)、总胆固醇(TC)(P0.05)含量降低。3)与CTL组相比,EUL1组肌肉粗蛋白质含量、EUL2组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著升高(P0.05),EUL1组肌肉剪切力显著减小(P0.05)。4)与CTL组相比,EUL1组和EUL2组肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量略有降低(P0.05),肌肉不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量显著升高(P0.05),其中,EUL2组肌肉MUFA、PUFA含量及UFA/SFA显著升高(P0.05)。5)与CTL组相比,杜仲叶能够显著下调肝脏脂肪合成相关酶硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)和核转录因子固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(SREBP-1c)、过氧化物酶体增生激活受体γ(PPARγ)的mRNA表达水平(P0.05);显著上调肝脏脂肪酸分解相关酶肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1A(CPT1A)、脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)mRNA表达水平显著上调(P0.05);与CTL组相比,EUL2组肝脏SCD1蛋白水平显著下降(P0.05)。结果提示,杜仲叶通过调节脂肪合成和分解相关基因的表达,显著影响绵羊脂肪的代谢和肌肉脂肪酸的组成。     

辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响。选取25周龄金定蛋鸭500只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1~4组在基础饲粮中添加1.5 g/kg复合益生菌后,再分别添加0、1.0、1.5和2.0 g/kg的辣木叶提取物。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组的平均蛋重和料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3和4组的产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),试验3和4组的料蛋比显著增加(P<0.05),试验4组的平均蛋重显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2和3组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组的蛋壳厚度显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清和蛋黄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加(P<0.05);各试验组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2和3组血清和蛋黄SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3组血清TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验3组血清和蛋黄LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2和3组血清HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,各试验组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和十二指肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2组血清IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,单独使用复合益生菌能显著降低料蛋比,增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能,改善脂质代谢,提高免疫球蛋白分泌量;辣木叶提取物和复合益生菌联用则可显著增强蛋壳强度,且在增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能、改善脂质代谢和提高免疫球蛋白分泌量方面综合效果优于单独使用复合益生菌,其中以试验3组(1.5 g/kg复合益生菌+1.5 g/kg辣木叶提取物)效果较好。     

饲粮中胆碱添加水平对3～5月龄獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中胆碱添加水平对3~5月龄獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。选用200只体重相近的3月龄獭兔,随机分成5组(每组40个重复,每个重复1只),分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0(对照)、200、400、600和800 mg/kg的50%氯化胆碱(折算为胆碱的添加水平后分别为0、87、174、261和348 mg/kg)的试验饲粮,试验饲粮实测胆碱水平分别为812、902、993、1 086和1 170 mg/kg。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:饲粮中胆碱添加水平显著影响肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加87、174、261和348 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中类胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和瘦素(LEP)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加174和261 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中生长激素(GH)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加261和348 mg/kg的胆碱显著增加血清中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)的活性和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加261 mg/kg的胆碱显著提高肝脏中肉碱棕榈酸转移酶1(CPT1)m RNA的表达水平(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加261 mg/kg的胆碱(饲粮实测胆碱水平为1 086 mg/kg)改变了獭兔肝脏中脂肪酸组成,促进了肝脏中脂肪酸氧化关键基因CPT1的表达,同时加强了肝脏中甘油三酯(TG)的输出过程。     

溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。