植物甾醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究植物甾醇对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清胆固醇等血液生化指标的影响,试验选用28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪90头作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂基础日粮(空白对照组)与在基础日粮中分别添加40 mg/kg(试验组1)和60 mg/kg植物甾醇(试验组2)的试验日粮.试验分三期进行,共34 d.试验结果表明,与对照组相比,植物甾醇试验组降低了断奶仔猪的料肉比(P＞0.05);试验组1血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著降低(P＜0.05);两试验组组均可显著提高血清总蛋白(TP)含量(P＜0.05),并对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性有一定程度的提高作用(P＞0.05).因此,日粮中添加植物甾醇可以提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,并显著降低其血液胆固醇水平.     

长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪免疫机能的影响

试验选用60头23日龄±1日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮 500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌,测定断奶仔猪免疫机能的变化。结果显示,在断奶后0d～21d饲喂高锌日粮能显著提高仔猪白细胞吞噬率和T淋巴细胞转化率,增加血清免疫球蛋白水平;而在断奶后42d、70d,仔猪白细胞吞噬率、T淋巴细胞转化和血清IgG、IgA水平显著下降。     

高铜对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清激素水平的影响

选用60头28日龄±2日龄“长大定”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组(对照组)仔猪饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组仔猪在断奶后14d内饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O),然后再饲喂基础日粮;Ⅲ组仔猪饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O)。试验期为28d。所有实验猪均于断奶后0,7,14d和28d称重,计算采食量,观察断奶后腹泻情况。同时每组固定10头仔猪,于断奶后0,7,14d和28d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清激素水平。结果表明,高铜日粮能显著提高断奶仔猪体重(AW)、平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI),降低料重比(F/G)和断奶后腹泻率,显著提高断奶仔猪血清GHI、NS、T3和T4的水平。     

GOD替代高剂量氧化锌对仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

文章为探讨葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)替代日粮中高剂量氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,试验选取28d断奶、平均体重8.5kg左右的杜长大仔猪60头,随机分成两组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各半)。氧化锌组在基础日粮中添加3 200 mg/kg氧化锌,GOD组在基础日粮中添加30 mg/kg葡萄糖氧化酶,试验期32 d。结果表明,与高剂量氧化锌相比,日粮添加GOD可显著提高断奶仔猪末重、平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低腹泻率(P0.05),对血清Glu、CHO、TP、TG、BUN、IgG含量,及内分泌指标T3和T4含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。结论,断奶仔猪日粮添加30mg/kg GOD可替代3 200mg/kg氧化锌。     

川牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究川牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验选择体重(6.4±0.2)kg的300头健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为3组:1)对照组饲喂基础饲粮;2)T1组饲喂基础饲粮+0.25 kg/t川牛膝多糖;3)T2组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5 kg/t川牛膝多糖。每组10个重复,每个重复10头断奶仔猪,公母各半。预试期3 d,正式试验期42 d。结果表明:1)各组间末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);2)T1和T2组血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明在该试验条件下,添加0.25 kg/t和0.5 kg/t川牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能无影响,但提高了血清免疫球蛋白G的含量。     

复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清细胞因子含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮复合抗菌肽水平对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清细胞因子含量的影响。将90头26日龄的健康杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪按体重相近、公母各占1/2的原则随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg黄芪多糖,250、500和1 000 mg/kg的复合抗菌肽,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250、500和1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽和400 mg/kg黄芪多糖均能提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低料重比,且1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽的效果均优于400 mg/kg黄芪多糖。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250 mg/kg复合抗菌肽显著或极显著提高断奶仔猪血清白介素-2(IL-2)(46和53日龄)、白介素-4(IL-4)(39、46和53日龄)、白介素-6(IL-6)(39、46和53日龄)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)(32、39、46和53日龄)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)(53日龄)的含量(P0.05或P0.01);在整个试验期间,除饲粮中添加500 mg/kg复合抗菌肽对32日龄断奶仔猪血清IL-2、IL-4含量和饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽对32日龄断奶仔猪血清IL-4含量无显著影响(P0.05)外,饲粮中添加500和1 000 mg/kg复合抗菌肽均显著或极显著提高断奶仔猪血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ和TNF-α含量(P0.05或P0.01),且效果均优于400 mg/kg黄芪多糖。由此可见,饲粮中添加复合抗菌肽能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能及免疫功能,以添加量为1 000 mg/kg时效果较好。     

麦冬对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究麦冬对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验选择体重(6.3±0.15)kg的300头健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,T1组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 kg/t麦冬的饲粮,T2组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t麦冬的饲粮.每组5个重复,每个重复20头断奶仔猪,公母各半....     

饲粮中添加甜菜碱对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加甜菜碱对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用体重(7.12±0.11)kg断奶后1周的“杜×长×大”仔猪160头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮上添加600、900、1 200 mg/kg甜菜碱的试验饲粮.试验期28 d.结果表明,饲粮中添加甜菜碱能够显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著增加血清生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ的含量(P＜0.05).600mg/kg甜菜碱显著降低了血清尿素氮和低密度脂蛋白含量(P＜0.05).但饲粮中添加甜菜碱对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白含量和代谢酶的活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,饲粮中添加甜菜碱可以提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,促进蛋白质的沉积和脂肪代谢,其中以添加量600 mg/kg效果最好.     

锌源和锌水平对断奶应激仔猪血清生化指标的影响

选用(26±2)日龄"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分成5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 2 000 mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮 3 000 mg/kg氧化锌和基础日粮 250 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮 500 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14 d。断奶后于前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标水平。结果表明,高锌日粮能显著提高断奶应激仔猪体质量(AW)、平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI),降低料重比(F/G)和断奶后腹泻率。断奶后仔猪血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)、总胆固醇(CHL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平显著或极显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),对照组仔猪血清尿素氮(SUN)含量在断奶后7 d极显著升高(P<0.01)。断奶前后,血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性无显著差异。添加高锌显著提高断奶仔猪血清ALP水平,降低血清钙(Ca)和血清磷(P)浓度,对上述其他生化指标无显著影响。     

高锌日粮长期暴露对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验选用60头日龄相近(23±1)临床检查健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3000 mg/kg 氧化锌、基础日粮+500 mg/kg 蛋氨酸锌。在断奶后0、21、42、70 d,每组随机选取10头仔猪,前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标。结果表明,在断奶后0~42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而在断奶后42~70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪（P<0.05）;在断奶后42~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清AST和ALT水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而血清TP、ALB水平显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)低于对照组仔猪;在断奶后21~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清ALP水平极显著高于对照组仔猪（P<0.01）。因此,断奶仔猪早期饲喂高锌日粮能显著缓解仔猪断奶应激,而长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪有毒副作用。     

Immunomodulation of caprine lentiviral infection by interleukin-16

Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by a variety of cells including lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils. We have shown in our previous studies increased expression of IL-16 mRNA and protein in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)-infected goats blood. In this study, we determined the immunomodulatory effects of IL-16 in vitro using cells derived from CAEV infected and uninfected goats. Human recombinant IL-16 (rhIL-16) significantly increased chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both control and CAEV-infected goats. Pretreatment of PBMC with anti-goat CD4 monoclonal antibody inhibited IL-16-induced chemotaxis of PBMC of control and infected goats suggesting that IL-16 exerts its action in goats primarily by binding to CD4. The CAEV proviral DNA was less in caprine monocytes treated with rhIL-16 infected in vitro with CAEV. These data suggest inhibitory effect of IL-16 on viral integration. Flow cytometric studies indicated a trend toward IL-16-induced increased expression of lymphocyte activation markers. Combined with our previously reported data, these experiments suggest that increased IL-16 expression during CAEV infection may inhibit viral integration.     

高铜对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞及血清IL-2含量的影响

将1日龄天府肉鸭健雏360只随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 8 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅱ组雏鸭外周血T淋巴细胞非特异性酯酶(Nonspecific acid esterase,ANAE)阳性率及血清IL-2含量不同程度的升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),高铜Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ组外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率及血清IL-2含量降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结果表明,日粮中铜含量400 mg/kg及其以上时,显著降低外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率及血清IL-2含量,雏鸭细胞免疫功能受损.     

山羊IL-2的体外表达及其多克隆抗血清的制备

应用RT-PCR方法从山羊外周血淋巴细胞中克隆了山羊白细胞介素-2(Caprine interleukin-2,CapIL-2)基因并进行测序,将编码山羊IL-2蛋白的基因亚克隆至pET30a( )上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并用IPTG于37℃诱导培养。表达融合蛋白通过ProBondTM蛋白纯化试剂盒纯化。纯化产物经3次免疫新西兰白兔,制备出山羊IL-2抗血清。本次试验成功地表达、纯化了山羊IL-2,并制备出兔抗山羊IL-2抗血清,为下一步开展山羊IL-2重组蛋白的应用研究奠定了基础。     

鸡白介素17A的克隆表达及活性测定

从经人工感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫孢子化卵囊(1×104个/只鸡)的盲肠上皮间淋巴细胞(IELs)提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法成功扩增了鸡白介素17A(IL-17A)基因,测序结果显示,开放阅读框为453bp,编码150个氨基酸,与GenBank上鸡IL-17A基因(AM773756)的核苷酸和氨基酸序列完全一致(100%),与报道的哺乳动物IL-17A的氨基酸相似性达37%～46%。构建的pGEX-6p1-chIL-17A原核表达载体经1mmol/L IPTG诱导后表达出43kDa左右的融合蛋白,与预期大小一致,且Western-blot鉴定表达产物为目的蛋白。功能试验表明,表达的重组鸡IL-17A能够刺激鸡胚成纤维细胞产生IL-6。这些结果表明,鸡IL-17A在结构和功能方面与哺乳动物的IL-17A都有一定的相似性,可能在鸡的免疫应答过程中起到重要的作用。     

Molecular cloning of canine interleukin-31 and its expression in various tissues

The newly discovered cytokine, interleukin-31 (IL-31), belongs to the short-chain cytokine group. It was reported that transgenic expression of IL-31-induced pruritus, similar to atopic dermatitis, in mice, further, excessive amounts of IL-31 was also expressed in the skin from human patients with atopic dermatitis as compared to that from normal people. In this study, canine IL-31 was molecularly cloned from concanavalin A-stimulated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Canine IL-31 contains 4 alpha-helix structures characteristic of the IL-31 family, and the amino acid identity of canine IL-31 with those of human or mouse is 54% and 28%, respectively. Furthermore, we detected low levels of canine IL-31 in the thymus, testis, spleen, and kidneys, but not in the skin of atopic dogs.     

Cloning and characterization of goose interleukin-17A cDNA

Interleukin-17 (IL-17 or IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. IL-17A plays important roles in inflammation and host defense. In this study, the cDNA of the goose IL-17A (GoIL-17A) gene was cloned from thymocytes. Recombinant GoIL-17A (rGoIL-17A) was expressed using a baculovirus expression system and then biologically characterized. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of GoIL-17A contains 510 base pairs that encode 169 amino acid residues, including a 29-amino acid signal peptide and a single potential N-linked glycosylation site. This protein has a molecular weight of 18.9 kDa. The amino acid sequence showed 95.9%, 84.6%, 45.0% and 38.4% similarity with the corresponding duck, chicken, rat, and human IL-17A sequences, respectively. The six conserved cysteine residues were also observed in GoIL-17A. A recombinant, mature form of GoIL-17A was produced and its biological activities in goose embryonic fibroblasts were investigated. RT-PCR analysis revealed a marked up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in goose embryonic fibroblasts treated with 1–50 μg of rGoIL-17A for 12 h. The GoIL-17A gene sequence and the biologically active recombinant protein may be useful for understanding the role of IL-17A in immune regulation.     

猪IL-10的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

为了制备猪IL-10的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究根据GenBank登录的猪白细胞介素10(PIL-10)基因序列设计两对特异性引物,利用套式PCR扩增PIL-10成熟蛋白编码基因(490bp),构建原核表达载体pET28a-PIL-10,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE和western blot分析鉴定,证明PIL-10重组蛋白获得表达。提取纯化该重组蛋白包涵体,免疫BALB/c小鼠,经过3次细胞融合,间接ELISA方法筛选,获得一株能稳定分泌抗猪IL-10MAb的杂交瘤细胞,将其命名为2F4。Western blot结果证明该MAb能够与重组蛋白发生特异性反应。间接ELISA测定细胞上清抗体效价为1∶1024,腹水效价为1∶128000,该MAb为IgG3亚型,轻链为λ型。杂交瘤细胞连续传代20代,分泌抗体的效价基本一致,从而为进一步建立猪IL-10的检测方法奠定了物质基础。     

用DNA免疫研制鸡白细胞介素2单克隆抗体

构建鸡白细胞介素2(鸡IL-2)的真核重组质粒pcDNA-IL-2和原核重组质粒pET-IL-2,以重组质粒pcDNA-IL-2免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,以重组质粒pET-IL-2在大肠杆菌BL21(DE_3)中诱导表达的蛋白作为筛选抗原,通过间接ELISA法对杂交瘤进行筛选,经亚克隆后共获得3株针对鸡IL-2的特异性单克隆抗体,并对这3株单克隆抗体的特性进行了鉴定。     

Interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 gene expression in calves experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica

The gene expression of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 in calves with a primary infection of Fasciola gigantica was studied. Five calves were infected orally with a dose of 1000 viable metacercariae of F. gigantica and five calves served as uninfected control animals. Expression of two cytokine genes i.e. IL-2 and IL-10 (Th1 and Th2) was measured at 10, 30 and 75 days post-infection (PI) by real-time polymerase chain reaction with the double stranded DNA-binding dye SYBR Green. Interleukin-2 was not detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected or control animals at 10, 30 and 75 days PI, however, IL-10 was present in detectable levels in PBMCs of infected animals at 10, 30 and 75 days PI, with no expression of this cytokine in the control animals. With an increased expression of IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 cytokine gene, the present study suggests that F. gigantica infection in calves evoked Th2 immune response.     

Inhibitory effects of interleukin-10 plasmid DNA on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice

Interleukin (IL)-10 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of both T-help (Th) 1 and Th2 cells. Previous studies have reported that IL-10 can ameliorate various inflammatory disorders. The present study was performed to examine whether IL-10 plasmid DNA could suppress development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, as an initial step towards the development of an appliance for use in dogs with AD. Intradermal injection of IL-10 plasmid DNA markedly inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions, as evidenced by a marked decrease in skin symptoms and reduced inflammation within the skin lesions. Efficacy was confirmed by significant decreases in eosinophil ratio and serum IgE concentration, and a reduction in the number of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from the ear. Moreover, relative mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and interferon-γ in the skin lesions of mice injected with IL-10 plasmid DNA were also decreased compared with those of control mice. Of note, higher serum IL-10 levels in mice injected with IL-10 plasmid DNA were maintained compared with those in control mice. Taken together, the results indicate that IL-10 plasmid DNA can suppress the development of AD-like skin lesions by suppressing both Th1 and Th2 cell responses. Beneficial effects of IL-10 plasmid DNA may be expected in dogs with AD.