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提出了一种测定微灌灌水器制造偏差系数的试验方法,分析了微灌灌水器出口压力对其制造偏差系数的影响,提出运用灌水器工作压力下的理论流量计算灌水器制造偏差系数,从而消除了压力对制造偏差系数的影响,并设计具体试验装置进行试验,得到数据验证了上述试验方法。 相似文献
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几种微灌灌水器均匀度试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对国产的2种压力补偿式滴头、3种稳流器、1种内镶式滴灌管和1种发丝滴头进行了水力性能测试,分析灌水器不同工作压力区间内的流态指数,并以制造偏差和流态指数为主要影响因素,对灌水器进行了水力性能评价。结果表明:压力补偿式灌水器存在最优压力区间,在此区间内灌水器流态指数较小、水力特征曲线平滑;非压力补偿式灌水器在整个压力区间内流态指数稳定、水力特征曲线稳定连续;供试的5种压力补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较大,为0.14~0.30,而2种非补偿式灌水器制造偏差系数较小(0.02左右)。通过灌水器流态指数、制造偏差系数对综合流量偏差系数的影响的分析表明:灌水器制造偏差对系统灌水均匀度的影响很大,在进行微灌工程水力设计时,应给予高度重视。 相似文献
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微灌均匀度参数之间的关系及其应用 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文通过模拟计算建立了微灌灌水均匀系数Cu与总的灌水器流量变差系数Cr和流量变差率qv,qva及灌水器工作水头变差率hw,hva之间的关系,并直接用于水力学计算,使微灌系统设计考虑灌水器制造偏差变得非常容易。 相似文献
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微灌均匀度参数之间的关系及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过模拟计算建立了微灌灌水均匀系数已与总的灌水里流量变差系数Cv和流量变差率qv、q(va)及灌水器工作水头变差率hw、h(va)之间的关系,并直接用于水力学计算,使微灌系统设计考虑灌水器制造偏差变得非常容易。 相似文献
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补偿式灌水器制造偏差分析及补偿区间的确定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对微灌用补偿式灌水器的q-p曲线,制造偏差和补偿区间三个性能参数作了深入分析,对微灌灌水器标准提出的补偿区间划分方法进行了理论分析,提出了确定补偿区间的新方法,为我国补偿式灌水器的应用和研制提供了技术资料。 相似文献
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为了获得痕灌带在田间应用的设计参数及其水力性能,通过室内与室外试验相结合的方法,针对流量规格为900 mL/h的痕灌带在自由出流时的制造偏差系数、流量与压力关系及其地埋后的水力特性以及痕灌毛管的地埋极限铺设距离进行了计算与评估.试验结果表明,试验痕灌带制造偏差系数为0.04,制造精度较高,且痕量灌水器压力-流量关系符合微灌灌水器幂函数关系式;痕量灌水器在地埋条件下,流量对压力变化的敏感性要高于自由出流.痕灌带(900 mL/h)在地埋后其流量减小幅度不明显,与室内自由出流相比,在额定工作压力条件下(10 m),地埋后痕量灌水器平均流量减少3%~8%;此外,在满足系统流量偏差系数(qv)不大于20%条件下,并结合田间土壤含水率空间变异性的研究验证,试验痕灌带(900 mL/h)在平坡铺设、砂壤土中的地埋铺设极限距离为150 m左右. 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献