解决蔬菜品种多、乱、杂的途径

我们认为解决蔬菜品种多、乱、杂的主要途径是:一、进行品种整理,搞好品种定向全面进行品种整理,是解决品种多、乱、杂的基本途径。开展蔬菜品种普查整理工作,摸清生产上现有各类蔬菜品种分布状况,尽快发现和搜集农家高产优质良种,丰富品种资源。     

高山夏季甘蓝新品种比较试验

对17个引进的甘蓝品种进行比较试验,从田间长势、产量、生育期、抗病性、结球紧实度、商品性、口感方面进行分析。试验结果表明,圆球形品种以澳丽58优于同类型品种;圆锥形品种以春兰优于同类型品种;扁圆形品种以夏美优于同类型品种。这3个品种可作为高山夏季甘蓝主推品种,根据当地市场消费习惯,选择适宜品种种植推广。     

布鲁克斯樱桃在西安灞桥地区的栽培表现及栽培要点

为进一步优化樱桃品种,灞桥区引进了布鲁克斯大樱桃品种进行栽培,通过观察比较,该品种表现为丰产、优质、早熟、抗病的优良品质,可作为甜樱桃品种结构调整的选择性品种进行栽植。     

适合赣州地区栽培的蓝莓品种结果期及产量统计分析

通过对赣州地区栽培的蓝莓品种近3年的结果时期进行统计分析,对比不同品种结果时期特点,利于筛选优良品种及不同时期蓝莓品种搭配,同时对不同品种的产量进行分析,综合评价不同蓝莓品种的丰产性,利于筛选优良蓝莓品种。     

全国第三批西瓜品种区域试验总结

<正> 本区试是在统一的实施方案下进行多年和多点试验,最后将试验结果进行综合对比分析,以明确各参试品种的适应地区范围及其实用推广价值,在区试过程中表现突出的品种同步进行了生产性试验,最后从中选出几个超标品种推荐给有关部门进行示范推广,同时为品种审定提供科学依据。试验从1988年开始至1990年结束。由于申报的品种数量较多,在安排试验上比较困难,因此,本批区试分两步进行。第一步用1年时间(1988)列全部申报品种进行异地鉴定试验,通过简单对比从中筛选出较优品种。第二步用2年时间(1989～1990)对异地鉴定中选品种进行统一区试。1 参试品种     

豇豆杂交育种亲本的筛选

对16个豇豆品种的农艺性状和产量性状进行比较,并对其中5个品种的杂交亲和力进行测定。试验结果表明,A12荚长与其他品种差异极显著,8号品种单荚质量与其他品种差异极显著,A9和41号品种单株结荚数最多,这4个品种的杂交亲和力均较高,适合作豇豆杂交育种亲本。     

系列黄绿色苹果品种在烟台地区的种植评价

苹果是烟台的主要栽培水果,以红色品种为主,优良的黄色和绿色品种较为缺乏。为丰富烟台地区的苹果品种结构,增加黄绿色品种,本研究通过引种和杂交育种方式,筛选出15个黄色和绿色苹果品种,在烟台地区进行种植试验,并对品种的植物学性状、果实品质、物候期等进行了系统评价。结果表明:15个品种在植物学性状、果实品质和成熟期方面均存在差异,成熟期从7月中旬至11月上旬,每个品种有各自的特点,均可作为特色黄色和绿色苹果品种在烟台地区进行推广种植。     

若干个核桃品种（系）对白粉病的抗性

对２０个普通核桃品种核桃白粉病的抗性进行了调查,用标准差法对不同品种的抗性反应进行评价。结果表明,供试２０个品种均感病,其中陇３２,西林２,陇１１为高抗品种,陇１５为抗病品系,西洛３,扎３４３为高感品种,香玲,鲁光,辽３为感病品种,其余１１份材料为中抗品种。     

2016—2020年蒙阴蜜桃品种变化及影响因素分析

对2016—2020年蒙阴县桃品种变化情况进行分析表明,5年间蒙阴地区桃品种发生显著变化,部分品种退出市场,黄桃品种增加最多,蟠桃品种增加最快,中熟品种减少,早熟、晚熟品种增加。分析了引起蒙阴地区桃品种变化的主要原因。     

人工授粉对不同品种孔雀草结实率的影响

对不同品种的孔雀草F2代植株进行人工授粉,对人工授粉与自然授粉花朵的结实率进行比较研究。结果表明:品种间结实率存在差异。20号品种的结实率最高,13号品种的结实率最低;除6号、7号与13号品种外,舌状花植株的结实率比筒状花植株的结实率要高;人工授粉的结实率普遍比自然授粉的结实率高,除3号与6号品种外,其中8号品种授粉处理下结实率的差异最为显著,2号品种的差异最小。     

Microsatellite markers based assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) collections

To study the genetic variation in Iranian olive collections and some foreign olive cultivars, 47 accessions of 18 local cultivars from 6 olive collections of Iran (Roudbar, Zanjan, Ahvaz, Dezful, Kazeroon and Shiraz), were analyzed along with 30 imported cultivars using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. All the used microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism in the studied genotypes, except GAPU14 and GAPU113 markers. Fourteen microsatellite primers amplified 126 polymorphic alleles in the 87 selected olive accessions. The average number of alleles per locus was 9, ranging from 3 to 14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85. The genetic similarity based on Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 1. The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Most of the accessions with the same name were grouped together; some exceptions were also observed. As expected, close relationship was observed among accessions within same cultivar. Most of the Iranian olive accessions were clustered to a main distinct group. Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of most of the Iranian olives from Syrian and other introduced cultivars. These suggest that Iranian cultivars have different origin related to West Mediterranean basin cultivars and have evolved independently from the others. Between and within Iranian and foreign cultivars (cultivars including three or more accessions) genetic diversity was analyzed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA revealed higher within cultivar genetic variation (62.76%) as compare to that between cultivar variations (37.24%). The intra- and inter-cultivar variance tested by permutation test showed significant genetic variation at both levels. The high level within cultivar genetic variance could be due to mislabeling and presence of homonyms in cultivars produced by vegetative propagation from original plants.     

Molecular systematics in Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura

An attempt was made to understand the molecular systematics and genetic differences between 10 original chrysanthemum cultivars and 11 mutants. The similarity among the cultivars and mutants varied from 0.17 to 0.90 using RAPD analyses, a simple but efficient method to distinguish cultivars and to assess parentage. Two distinct groups were found. Two cultivars were present as a separate group showing differences from all other cultivars. Mutants with different flower colour could be identified at the molecular level using RAPD technique holding promise to identify unique genes as SCAR markers. A high genetic distance among the different chrysanthemums showed that there exists a possibility of introgressing new and novel genes from the chrysanthemum gene pool.     

Molecular systematics in Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura

An attempt was made to understand the molecular systematics and genetic differences between 10 original chrysanthemum cultivars and 11 mutants. The similarity among the cultivars and mutants varied from 0.17 to 0.90 using RAPD analyses, a simple but efficient method to distinguish cultivars and to assess parentage. Two distinct groups were found. Two cultivars were present as a separate group showing differences from all other cultivars. Mutants with different flower colour could be identified at the molecular level using RAPD technique holding promise to identify unique genes as SCAR markers. A high genetic distance among the different chrysanthemums showed that there exists a possibility of introgressing new and novel genes from the chrysanthemum gene pool.     

海南椰子栽培品种的SSR标记分析

应用简单重复序列（SSR）标记方法,对海南的11个椰子栽培品种进行了遗传多样性分析。选取30对引物用于PCR扩增,有23对引物扩增出有效多态性片段136条,平均多态性百分率为95.77%,每对引物扩增出的带数2~12条不等,平均为6.17条,每个SSR位点的多态信息量（PIC）变化于0.173~0.896之间,平均为0.561。11份材料之间遗传相似系数变化范围0.061~0.861,说明海南椰子栽培品种之间存在丰富的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,11个椰子栽培品种分为四个类群和两个亚群。SSR标记反映出的品种间亲缘关系与形态学研究的分类结果并不完全吻合。     

Genetic similarities among cocoyam cultivars based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Eighteen cultivars of cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) and two cultivars of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from the USDA/ARS germplasm collection were evaluated for genetic relatedness using RAPD data. Seven random primers generated 40 RAPD loci. Of the 18 cultivars screened, 11 (61%) were identical at all RAPD loci evaluated. A similarity matrix was constructed on the basis of the presence or absence of bands. Among cocoyam cultivars the genetic similarity ranged from 0.86 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.91. Cluster analysis identified two main clusters with some unexpected groupings. These data indicate that very little genetic variation exists within the accessions used in this study and that this Xanthosoma spp. collection is of limited value as a genetic resource.     

Genetic relationships of gladiolus cultivars inferred from fluorescence based AFLP markers

Gladiolus is one of the important commercial flowers with a large number of cultivars. However, genetic relationships among its genotypes have not been reported. This study analyzed genetic relatedness of 54 gladiolus cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 24 AFLP primer pairs with three samples were initially screened, from which 9 primer sets that showed clear scorable and highly polymorphic bands were selected for AFLP reactions. Fluorescence-labeled amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and then analyzed using an automated sequencer. A dendrogram was constructed by the unweighted pair group method using the arithmetic average (UPGMA). The number of AFLP fragments generated per primer set ranged from 10 to 151 with fragment sizes varying from 50 to 450 bp. A total of 660 AFLP fragments were detected, of which 658 (99.70%) were polymorphic. All the primers except E-AGG/M-CTA displayed 100% polymorphism. All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP profiles. The AFLP data were compared with previously obtained RAPD data and combined to generate a common dendrogram. The first cluster was dominated with indigenously bred cultivars while the second was dominated with exotic cultivars. This shows that most of the exotic cultivars as well as indigenous cultivars are closely related with each other. However, two indigenous cultivars viz., Pusa Suhagin and Pusa Archana share genetic similarity with exotic cultivars. Among the genotypes selected for the investigation, Pusa Gunjan was identified as the most distinct genotype. The AFLP markers developed will help future Gladiolus cultivar identification, germplasm conservation and new cultivar development. The assessed genetic relationships among gladiolus cultivars may enhance the efficiency of breeding program by selecting desirable parents with reduced breeding cycle.     

Genetic diversity of Indonesian cauliflower cultivars and their relationships with hybrid cultivars grown in Australia

The objectives of this study were to investigate genetic variation and relationships between Indonesia-, Australian- and European-based cultivars and to evaluate variation within Indonesia cultivars as all cultivars are open-pollinated. Eight cauliflower cultivars collected from three production regions in Indonesia and four F₁ hybrids cultivars grown in Australia were evaluated using RAPD and ISSR markers. DNA polymorphisms generated from 10 polymorphic RAPD primers were used to construct a dendogram using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and to generate a fingerprinting key. ISSR marker analysis using 14 primers were attempted but DNA polymorphisms could not be clearly identified. The RAPD technique indicated that variation occurred both within and between Indonesian cultivars. Comparison between Indonesian-, Australian- and European-based cultivars showed that Indonesian cultivars have unique genotypes and would be good sources of genes for future crop improvement.     

适合我国南方地区栽培的枣优良品种亲缘关系研究

利用荧光AFLP分子标记技术,对适合我国南方地区栽培的26个枣优良品种亲缘关系进行研究。结果表明,8对引物共扩增得到886条带,其中多态性条带为817条,多态性比例达到了92.2%,体现了非常丰富的遗传多样性。系统聚类结果表明大部分来源于北方地区的鲜食品种聚为一类,彼此间亲缘关系较近;制干、兼用品种和南方本地品种表现出较近的亲缘关系。酥脆枣与孔府酥脆枣亲缘关系很近,而河南鸡蛋枣与湖南鸡蛋枣之间存在着较远的遗传距离。     

基于 DUS 测试性状的切花菊品种亲缘关系研究

 记录42 个切花菊品种DUS（特异性、一致性和稳定性）测试中的11 个多元性状,数值编码后进行聚类分析,结合品种的来源或选育背景,分析这种方法用于评估品种间亲缘关系的有效性。结果表明：菊花品种DUS 测试的相关多元性状在品种间具有广泛的多态性,综合这些性状的信息可以对切花菊品种进行性状相似性分析,并且类间距离的远近能够较准确反映品种间亲缘关系。     

Analysis of genetic diversity among Indian short-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars using RAPD markers.

Summary

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among 24 cultivars of short-day onions. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 90 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, 15 primers were selected which yielded 137 bands, 91.24% of which were polymorphic. None of the primers produced a unique banding pattern for each cultivar. RAPD data were used to calculate a Squared-Euclidian Distance matrix which revealed a minimum genetic distance between cultivars ‘AFLR-722’ and ‘PBR-140’, and a maximum genetic distance between cultivars ‘PBR-139’ and ‘A.Kalyan’, and ‘MS-48’ and ‘A.Kalyan’. Based on the distance matrix, cluster analysis was done using a minimum variance algorithm.The dendrogram thus generated, based on Ward’s method, grouped the 24 onion cultivars into two major clusters. The first cluster consisted of cultivars from the northern region, and the second of cultivars from the southern region of India. The present study shows that there is high diversity among the onion cultivars selected and indicates the potential of RAPD markers for identification and maintenance of onion germplasm for crop improvement purposes.