浅谈现代化猪场传染病的防控新观念

现代养猪业正逐渐向集约化、规模化发展，上百头、数千头的大中型猪场所占比重不断提高，猪病的防治投入也在不断增加，新的疾病综合征的产生使现代养猪业面临着前所未有极为复杂的疾病，要想提高猪群健康水平和猪场的经济效益，必须要树立新的防控观念。     

农村生猪散养户防控生猪传染病的对策

近年来由于生猪价格持续走高．国家出台了一系列鼓励生猪养殖业发展的优惠政策．生猪规模养殖场得到了迅猛发展。农村生猪散养户仍然是现阶段我国生猪养殖的重要生力军。由于存在诸多不利因素．一旦生猪发生传染病,很难得以全面控制。特别是近年来．随着农村生猪散养户对生猪品种的引进、改良、流通、交易等的日益频繁．外来生猪传染病的传播机会与日俱增,生猪的疫病更加复杂化．严重地威胁着生猪散养户的发展．本文结合现阶段农村中生猪散养户的生猪养殖实际．从3个方面提出了农村散养户生猪传染病的相关对策。     

基于贝叶斯公式的动物疾病鉴别诊断推理模型研究

专家系统（Expert System，ES）是一个智能的计算机程序系统，它利用知识和推理解决领域内的复杂问题。ES经过几十年的发展，已经在众多领域得到广泛应用，其中疾病诊断是专家系统应用的最为成功的领域之一。近几年，农业专家系统对我国农业的现代化和数字化的发展起到了积极的推动作用。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断报告

2004年7月以来,南宁某羊场的山羊不断发病死亡,病死山羊的主要病变在胸腔,经解剖观察、实验室检验,诊断为山羊传染性胸膜肺炎,现报道如下。     

An immunoperoxidase monoclonal antibody stain for rapid diagnosis of infectious bursal disease

Cell smears of chicken-embryo-fibroblast (CEF) cultures and bursa of Fabricius from chickens experimentally infected with six different strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were examined for the presence of IBDV by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method of immunoperoxidase (IP) staining using a monoclonal antibody specific for IBDV designated BK70. IBDV of different strains and serotypes were readily detected by the IP method in cell smears prepared from infected CEF cultures and from bursas. Bursal cells were positive for IP stain in most of the infected bursas (87.5%), despite their mild IBD lesions. Positive IP staining of bursal smears was well correlated with the recovery of IBDV from the bursas and with IBD lesions in the bursas. IP stain with a monoclonal antibody (BK70) appeared potentially useful for rapid and definitive diagnosis of IBD.     

Environmental disinfection to control equine infectious diseases.

Cleaning and disinfection are essential to the environmental control of infectious diseases of all animals. By understanding the types of pathogens, environment, and disinfection process, success can be attained in effectively stopping disease outbreaks.     

Management factors affecting the risk for vesicular stomatitis in livestock operations in the western United States.

OBJECTIVE: To identify management factors affecting the risk of animals developing vesicular stomatitis (VS). DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: Horses, cattle, and sheep with suspected vesicular stomatitis on 395 premises in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona. PROCEDURE: Data were collected during the VS outbreak of 1997. Diagnosticians interviewed livestock owners and completed a supplemental questionnaire. Cases were defined as those premises that had a completed questionnaire and had > or = 1 animal positive for VS. Control premises were all premises investigated that had a completed questionnaire and on which the animals had been tested but VS was not detected. RESULTS: Animals that had access to a shelter or barn had a reduced risk of developing VS (OR, 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.99). This effect was more pronounced for equine premises (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.9). Conversely, during an adjusted analysis on equine premises, risk of developing disease was increased slightly where animals had access to pasture (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.7). On all premises where owners reported insect populations were greater than normal, odds of developing disease were significantly increased (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.47). Premises with animals housed < 0.25 miles from running water were more than twice as likely to have clinical signs of VS (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.32 to 5.0). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results support reports of others that suggest biting insects are a vector in VS virus transmission. Management practices to reduce exposure to biting insects might reduce the risk of VS.     

Immunomodulators for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in food-producing animals.

The goal of immunomodulation in food-producing animals is to regulate immunity for the benefit of the animal and production efficiency. Immunomodulators are substances that exert this control and include cytokines, pharmaceuticals, microbial products, nutraceuticals, and traditional medicinal plants. Although treatment and prevention of infectious diseases are the most common reasons to use immunomodulators, other conditions, such as amelioration of stress-induced immunosuppression, maturation of the neonate's developing immune response, and strategies to reduce the metabolic cost of eliciting an immune response also are well suited for immunomodulation. Continued discovery of new immune regulators and increased understanding of immunity in food-producing animals will ensure new opportunities for the use of immunomodulators in food-producing animals.     

实用鸡病鉴别诊断指南——第2篇 羽毛残损/羽毛脱落

<正>对家禽来说,羽毛在机体的保护和隔热/阻冷上起着重要的作用。虽然换羽或新旧羽毛更替是成年蛋鸡在完成一个产蛋周期后发生的一个自然过程(这一过程本身受多种因素的影响),但是羽毛脱落或损伤可能反映了农场中的其他问题。家禽中与羽毛相关的问题可大致分为以下两类:     

Acute phase proteins as a tool for differential diagnosis of wasting diseases in growing pigs

The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in wasted pigs, first to evaluate their usefulness in the diagnosis of infectious, wasting diseases in pigs, and second, to evaluate whether their concentrations can distinguish the lymphoid depletion score in the lymph tissues of wasted affected pigs. Fifty-three wasted pigs and seven specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were postmortem examined. Gross lesions were evaluated and samples for histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular biology and microbiological analysis were taken. Thirty-one pigs were diagnosed as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 22 as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Lymphoid depletion degree in lymph tissues of PMWS and PRDC affected pigs was determined. Serum Hp was significantly higher in pigs with PRDC in comparison with the PMWS affected pigs. Serum CRP concentration was significantly lower in pigs with PRDC than in PMWS affected pigs (P<0.001). CRP and SAA levels increased with the lymphoid depletion score, presenting statistical differences between pigs with no depletion and pigs with low, moderate or severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001 for CRP and P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01 for SAA, respectively). Hp was higher in pigs with no or low depletion compared with the pigs suffering severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively).