Ovarian follicular characteristics, embryo recovery, and embryo viability in heifers fed high-fat diets and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone.

Postpubertal beef heifers (n = 55) were used to examine the effects of high-fat diets, independently of energy intake, on nonesterified fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolic patterns, ovarian follicular dynamics, and embryo recovery/viability after FSH superstimulation. High-lipid (HL) diets (5.4% added fat) increased (P < .01) serum concentrations of cholesterol, but not of nonesterified fatty acids, during the 35-d period before FSH treatment. Development of medium-sized (5 to 9.9 mm) follicles was enhanced (P < .05) during this period in heifers fed the HL diet. The HL diet increased total cholesterol (P < .05) and progesterone (P = .14) concentrations in follicular fluid obtained at ovariectomy (n = 10) 60 h after the onset of FSH treatment, but neither estradiol-17 beta nor androstenedione was affected. Granulosa cells recovered from FSH-induced, estrogen-active follicles in heifers fed the HL diet produced greater quantities of progesterone (P = .06) and less estradiol-17 beta (P < .05) in vitro than did granulosa cells from heifers fed the normal lipid diet. Dietary treatment did not influence FSH-stimulated recruitment of medium and large follicles, number of ovulations, embryo recovery, or embryo viability. Data suggest that increments in dietary fat intake can alter specific aspects of ovarian steroidogenic potential and can increase the population of medium-sized follicles theoretically available for maturation and harvest during the estrous cycle. However, conditions that limited the latter process in the current experiment are not understood and require further investigation.     

Techniques and success of embryo transfers in Angora goats

Thirty-five mixed-age Angora does were subjected to superovulation and oestrous synchronization and of the 34 which were subsequently entire mated, 33 were subjected to surgical egg recovery approximately five days after oestrus. These 33 donors averaged 8.8 ovulations and 2.5 large (>5 mm) follicles. All corpora lutea in six donors were undergoing premature regression. The average donor egg recovery rate, egg fertilization rate and percent of eggs transferable was 82,87 and 81%, respectively, giving 6.8 eggs, 6.0 embryos and 5.5 transferable embryos per donor. Egg recovery was reduced dramatically when premature regressing corpora lutea were present. Recipient feral does were synchronized and 183 embryos transferred surgically to 133 recipients. Eighty-eight (66%) of the recipients kidded producing 118 kids (64% embryo survival). The 35 potential donors produced 36 kids from their natural mating which occurred shortly after surgery. Thus the donors produced a total of 154 kids from embryo transfer and natural mating, an average of 4.4 kids/doe/breeding season. This rate of reproduction is four to five times faster than normal and confirms that the technique achieves its objective of rapidly increasing the number of offspring from selected animals.     

Techniques and success of embryo transfers in Angora goats

Thirty-five mixed-age Angora does were subjected to superovulation and oestrous synchronization and of the 34 which were subsequently entire mated, 33 were subjected to surgical egg recovery approximately five days after oestrus. These 33 donors averaged 8.8 ovulations and 2.5 large (>5 mm) follicles. All corpora lutea in six donors were undergoing premature regression. The average donor egg recovery rate, egg fertilization rate and percent of eggs transferable was 82, 87 and 81%, respectively, giving 6.8 eggs, 6.0 embryos and 5.5 transferable embryos per donor. Egg recovery was reduced dramatically when premature regressing corpora lutea were present. Recipient feral does were synchronized and 183 embryos transferred surgically to 133 recipients.

Eighty-eight (66%) of the recipients kidded producing 118 kids (64% embryo survival). The 35 potential donors produced 36 kids from their natural mating which occurred shortly after surgery. Thus the donors produced a total of 154 kids from embryo transfer and natural mating, an average of 4.4 kids/doe/breeding season. This rate of reproduction is four to five times faster than normal and confirms that the technique achieves its objective of rapidly increasing the number of offspring from selected animals.     

体况和季节等因素对供体波尔山羊超排效果的影响

本试验以波尔山羊为对象,研究了供体体重、年龄及超排季节等因素对供体超排效果的影响。结果表明,体重和超排季节对供体超排效果没有显著影响(P>0.05),但供体年龄对超排效果的影响显著(P<0.05),经产羊的可用胚数显著高于育成羊;品种对超排供体的可用胚数没有显著影响(P>0.05);激素处理不是降低重复超排效果的主要因素(P>0.05)。     

体况和季节等因素对供体波尔山羊超排效果的影响

本试验以波尔山羊为对象,研究了供体体重、年龄及超排季节等因素对供体超排效果的影响。结果表明,体重和超排季节对供体超排效果没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但供体年龄对超排效果的影响显著（P〈0．05）,经产羊的可用胚数显著高于育成羊;品种对超排供体的可用胚数没有显著影响（P〉0．05）;激素处理不是降低重复超排效果的主要因素（P〉0．05）。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植试验研究

22只波尔山羊供体用CIDR FSH PG 进行超排处理, 用手术法采胚,共获138枚可用胚, 头均获可用胚为6.27 ( 138/22) 枚,其中超排育成羊6只,只均回收可用胚5.50枚,经产母羊16只,只均回收可用胚6.57枚,经产羊平均回收胚胎总数高于育成羊;手术法移植78只受体羊,妊娠53只,妊娠率68.00%,产羔71只,其中产双胎的有18只受体,占妊娠总数的34.00%.     

Assessment of lymphocyte and phagocytic functions in goats treated with glucan.

The effect of glucan, a biological response modifier of yeast origin, on different immune functions was studied after the intramuscular application in goats. The simultaneous administration of glucan with human serum albumin or tetanus toxoid significantly stimulated the antibody production to both antigens differing in their thymus dependency. Similarly, the phagocytizing activity of the blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes measured by the reductase colorimetric assay significantly increased one week after the glucan treatment. However, suppression of T-lymphocyte function in experimental animals was determined by the lymphocyte transformation test particularly in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The results of the study indicate that glucan can modulate some elements of the ruminant immune response.     

不同超排方案以及重复超排对犊牛超排效果的影响

本试验选择北京奶牛中心良种场36头9~12月龄的犊牛进行超排采卵,研究了不同超排方案以及重复超排对犊牛超排的效果。结果表明,超排方案以埋植CIDR的同时,第5天、第6天注射FSH,第7天手术采卵获得的可用卵母细胞数最多。两次重复超排对犊牛平均卵泡数和平均卵母细胞数没有显著影响,但三次超排后的平均卵泡数和平均卵母细胞数显著低于一次和二次超排。     

Induction of sexual activity in lactating anovulatory female goats using male goats treated only with artificially long days

Two experiments were conducted to determine the response of Creole male goats treated with long days and melatonin implants, and the response of the anovulatory does to male effect using males treated only with artificially long days. All animals were allocated to open sheds. In Exp. 1, one group of males was under natural photoperiod (CG; n = 7); the second group was submitted to 2.5 mo of long days followed by the insertion of two s.c. melatonin implants (LD+MEL; n = 7); the third group was subjected only to 2.5 mo of long days (LD; n = 7). Testicular weight was measured every 2 wk. Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined weekly. A treatment x time interaction was detected (P < 0.001) for testicular weight and plasma testosterone concentration. In the LD+MEL and LD groups, testicular size and plasma testosterone levels varied in a similar way, but differed from those observed in CG (P < 0.001). In this latter group, testicular weight displayed seasonal variations and peaked in June, whereas in treated groups this peak occurred in March. In CG, testosterone varied in a seasonal manner and plasma concentrations increased in June and remained elevated throughout the study. In experimental groups, testosterone increased in February and peaked in March. In Exp. 2, one group of males was left under natural photoperiod (CG, n = 5) and the other one was submitted to 2.5 mo of artificially long days (LD, n = 4). On March 16, two control and two treated males were put in contact with 20 and 19 females, respectively. Sexual behavior of the bucks was observed during the 5 d following male introduction. Progesterone assays and estrous behavior were used to determine ovarian and behavioral responses of the females to teasing. The anogenital sniffing, nudging, and mount instances registered in LD-treated males were greater than those observed in CG (P < 0.05). Of the does exposed to CG, none ovulated and only two of 20 females displayed estrous behavior. All does in contact with LD-treated males ovulated and showed at least one estrous behavior during the 15 d following joining (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the sexual activity of male goats from subtropical latitudes can be induced using only artificially long days. In addition, males treated in this way are capable of stimulating sexual activity in anovulatory females by the male effect.     

胚胎移植受体山羊同期发情方案的研究

对山羊进行3种同期发情处理,处理Ⅰ为C IDRS+PMSG(100 U)+PG(0.1 mg),处理Ⅱ为C IDRS+PMSG(200 U)+PG(0.1 mg),处理Ⅲ为PG(0.1 mg)。结果发现,撤栓后0~24 h处理Ⅰ的发情率(27.76±0.62)%与处理Ⅱ的发情率(35.00±5.00)%差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于处理Ⅲ(3.62±0.12)%(P<0.05);撤栓后24~48 h和48~72 h处理Ⅰ(35.31±1.40)%和(5.86±0.73)%、处理Ⅱ(56.67±3.33)%和0%和处理Ⅲ(18.07±1.94)%和(14.45±1.94)%的发情率之间均差异显著(P<0.05);在撤栓后0~72 h,处理Ⅰ(68.05±1.66)%和处理Ⅱ(91.67±8.33%)的发情率均显著高于处理Ⅲ(36.14±3.88)%P<0.05,但是处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ之间显著不差异(P>0.05)。另外在手术中观察山羊卵巢发现,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ有较好黄体的山羊比率分别为(52.15±1.42)%、(46.67±3.33)%和(62.88±2.43)%,处理Ⅰ和Ⅲ高于处理Ⅱ,并且处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ之间差异显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,采用2次优化PG法既可提高发情率,又可使受体羊黄体率达到较好水平。     

Heartwater in Angora goats. II. A pathological study of artificially infected, treated and untreated goats

Pathological lesions in untreated Angora goats infected with the Ball3 strain of Cowdria ruminantium corresponded with those previously reported. A severe nephrosis was the most prominent pathological lesion in the animals treated after the 1st day of the febrile reaction. Renal ischaemia appears to be central to the pathogenesis of the kidney lesions.     

波尔山羊和本地山羊超数排卵和胚胎移植试验初报

采用常规超排方法，使用促卵泡素(FSH)对波尔山羊进行超排处理，其结果如下：用300IU的FSH对波尔山羊逐日渐量递减注射，在第一次配种的同时注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)，2只波尔山羊卵巢上卵泡数和黄体数分别为50个和32个，回收的卵子数为22个，排卵率为64％，回收率为68．7％，可用胚胎率为0。本地羊超排处理后，3只羊卵巢上卵泡数和黄体数分别为66个和24个，排卵率为36．3％，回收的数为16个，回收率为66．7％，可用胚胎率为0。一以上结果表明：以300IU的FSH结合HCG对波尔山羊进行超排处理是有效的。而以相同的FSH剂量结合HCG处理本地山羊时。超排效果不甚理想。     

Effect of Baypamun on blood leucocytes in normal and dexamathasone treated goats

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Baypamun on selected lymphocyte subpopulations and granulocyte phagocytic activity mediated by lectin-like receptors in goats of normal immune status and in goats experimentally immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. Eighteen goats in total were used. Blood samples were collected 24 h before immunomodulation and 5 and 10 days after immunomodulation. Animals in group I were immunostimulated with Baypamun for 2 days and immunosuppressed with Dexafort for the next 2 days. Animals in group II received Dexafort first and then Baypamun. The number of leucocytes in total and in subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. Application of Baypamun before (group I) or after (group II) immunosuppression caused significant (P < 0.001) and lasting changes in the percentage of CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Significant but transient changes were observed in CD19+ (B) and WC1-N2+ (null) cells. Results show that application of Baypamun to modulate non-specific defence is advisable following immunosuppression (group I). When Baypamun was applied after immunosuppression (group II), although there was no reaction during the initial phase, an increase in the activity of cells responsible for non-specific immunity was noticeable after 10 days.     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。