波尔山羊与云岭黑山羊不同类群的杂交效果

通过云岭黑山羊不同类群纯种繁育和波尔山羊与云岭黑山羊不同类群的杂交,结果表明:波尔山羊公羊与文山黑山羊、师宗黑山羊和楚雄黑山羊母羊杂交,其母羊产羔率、双羔率和成活率均有较大幅度提高,文山黑山羊母羊分别提高11.0、7.5和4.14个百分点;师宗黑山羊母羊分别提高29.0、7.7和4.2个百分点;楚雄黑山羊母羊分别提高6.4、4.4和7.9个百分点.波×师F1、波×文F1和波×楚F1初生重比相应的纯繁群公羔分别提高25.0%、12.5%和14.3%,母羔分别提高15.8%、15.0%和15.79%(P<0.05);9月龄体重公羊分别提高19.69%、35.26%和28.94%,母羊分别提高25.00%、54.10%和31.67%(P<0.05).体尺也呈同样的趋势,表明波尔山羊×云岭黑山羊可获得较好的杂交效果.     

两种阴道栓诱导非繁殖季节山羊同期发情试验研究

利用氯前列烯醇(PG)、孕酮阴道栓对山羊进行同期发情处理,0~72h同期发情率平均为88.0%,其中PGF2α组为88.9%,孕酮栓组为87.5%,PG组与孕酮栓组无显著差异(P>0.05);处理羊发情时间,PG组主要集中于注射后的24~48h,发情率为80.6%,孕酮栓组主要集中于撤栓后的0~48h,发情率为84.7%;孕酮栓处理方法对处于非繁殖季节和繁殖季节的羊均可获得很好的同期效果,而PG处理方法只对处于繁殖季节的羊有效。     

不同处理方法对山羊同期发情效果研究

利用氯前列烯醇（PG）、孕酮栓对山羊进行同期发情处理，0－72小时同期发情率平均为88．0％，其中PGF2a组为88．9％，孕酮栓组为87．5％，PG组与孕酮栓组无显著差异（P＞0．05）；处理羊发情时间，PG组主要集中于注射后的24－48小时，发情率为80．6％，孕酮栓组主要集中于撤栓后的0－48小时，发情率为84．7％；孕酮栓处理方法对处于非繁殖季节和繁殖季节的羊均可获得很好的同期效果，而PG处理方法只对处于繁殖季节的羊有效。     

重构胚移植用受体山羊同期发情处理效果比较

本实验分别用两种CIDR PMSG(处理1)和CIDR PMSG LH(处理2)方法对山羊进行同期发情处理。结果发现,两种处理均以撤栓后第1d发情率最高。撤栓后0～24h和24～48h发情率,两种处理(61.4%,13.6%;48%,20%)之间差异不显著;撤栓后48～72h发情率,处理1(4.5%)显著低于处理2(24%)(P<0.05);撤栓后0～72h发情率,两种处理(79.5%,92%)无差异(P>0.05)。手术后卵巢观察可以看出,有大卵泡或排卵的发情羊,处理1为91.2%,处理2为100%,二者无显著差异;排卵的发情羊,处理1(58.8%)显著低于处理2(91.2%)(P<0.05)。     

乏情季节诱导山羊同期发情的研究

通过对云阳县栖霞乡放牧 +舍饲条件下的经产母羊 3组 (A组 40只、B组 3 1只、C组 18只 )共 89只分别用孕激素阴道栓同期发情处理 10天 ,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况、B和C组取栓后分别注射PGF2α 0 0 5mg/只和 0 1mg/只。结果表明 :A组 2～ 4天内同期发情率为 42 5 0 % ;B组同期发情率为 67 74% ,48小时有羊只发情高峰 ;C组同期发情率为83 3 3 %。取栓至开始发情时间A组明显长于B组和C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;平均发情持续时间短于B、C组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B、C组之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

云南黑山羊与本地羊杂交改良效果观察

以云南黑山羊新品种为父本、云岭黑山羊为母本的杂交一代羊为研究对象,对4个海拔试验点的杂交一代羊进行了生长、繁殖和屠宰性能的测定,并与亲本进行了杂种优势比较。结果表明:杂交一代羊具有良好的适应性,其公、母羊的断奶重、6月龄重、10月龄重、周岁重比云岭黑山羊分别提高了15.25%、30.03%、22.70%、29.81%和16.05%、33.75%、34.86%、27.33%;10月龄平均体重达35~40 kg;全舍饲杂交一代羊比"放牧+补饲"羊6月龄、10月龄和周岁的生长速度均快,且体重差异显著(P0.05)。杂交一代初产母羊产羔率达148.78%~166.67%,比云岭黑山羊提高了33.78%~51.67%,差异显著(P0.05)。杂交一代周岁公羊屠宰率49.86%、肉骨比3.18,分别比母本云岭黑山羊增加4.06个百分点和0.4。说明云南黑山羊新品种与本地云岭黑山羊杂交,杂交一代羊杂交优势明显,具备肉用山羊的良好条件。     

布尔山羊超数排卵胚胎移植试验

本试验采用置入炔诺酮阴道栓 FSH 氯前列烯醇同期发情、超数排卵处理方法，对8只布尔山羊(供体羊)、90只洪洞奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超排数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下：(1)8只供体羊回收胚胎数量、可用胚胎数量、羊均回收胚胎数量、羊均可用胚胎数量、可用胚比率分别为182枚、172枚、22．8枚、21．5枚、94．5％；(2)90只受体羊共有81只羊达到同期发情效果，发情同期率为90．0％；(3)150枚可用胚胎共移植洪洞奶山羊73只，妊娠51只，产羔80只，妊娠率69．9％，胚胎成羔率53．5％。     

努比山羊与云岭黑山羊杂交改良试验报告

为了进一步开发云岭黑山羊的肉用性能,提高其饲养综合效益,笔者于2014-2015年在昭通市昭阳区开展了努比山羊与云岭黑山羊的杂交试验。对杂交一代羊及同龄云岭黑山羊进行了生长发育测定,结果表明:1在相同的饲养管理条件下,杂一代公羊、母羊各年龄段体重均高于云岭黑山羊,且周岁时达到极显著水平(P0.01);2杂交可极显著提高云岭黑山羊的产羔率(P0.01),杂一代羊产羔率达153.04%。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植技术的研究与应用

对 75只波尔山羊超排处理 ,共获 A、B级胚胎 776枚 ,平均 (10 .35± 6 .4 5 )枚 /只 ,鲜胚移植受体 36 7只 ,移植产羔率达 5 5 .6 %。应用 CIDR和 PMSG同期发情处理受体山羊 5 6 0只 ,5 4 9只达到同期发情 ,32 h内同期率为 98.0 4 %。囊胚和扩张囊胚在发情后 7d的移植产羔率分别为 6 2 .2 2 % (84 /135 )和 5 8.2 6 % (6 7/115 ) ,显著高于桑椹胚 (43.18% )和孵化囊胚 (5 1.72 % ) (P<0 .0 1) ,而囊胚和扩张囊胚间、桑椹胚和孵化囊胚间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。受体山羊的黄体数量直接影响到移植产羔结果 ,黄体数≥ 2的受体山羊移植产羔率显著高于黄体数为 1的受体山羊移植产羔率 (P<0 .0 1) ,分别为 6 4 .83% (94 /14 5 )和 4 9.5 5 % (110 /2 2 2 )。PMSG注射时间 (在取 CIDR前 2 d或当天注射 )和剂量对受体羊的黄体数和移植产羔率均无显著影响 (P>0 .0 5 )     

不同材质阴道栓结合PMSG诱导湖羊同期发情的效果观察

为了比较两种不同材质孕酮阴道栓(海绵栓和硅胶栓)对湖羊同期发情效果的影响,以便为肉羊集约化和工厂化生产提供参考,试验以997只健康、发情周期正常、无繁殖疾病的湖羊为研究对象,分两组进行同期发情处理,使用海绵栓(FGA)+PMSG处理羊551只,硅胶栓(CIDR)+PMSG处理羊446只。结果表明:FGA组处理羊只发情率为92.91%,CIDR为92.63%;FGA组处理羊受胎率为78.20%,CIDR为80.76%。发情率和受胎率两处理间差异均不显著(P0.05)。FGA组处理羊只丢栓率显著低于CIDR组3.34个百分点(P0.05);而母羊阴道发炎率显著高于CIDR组3.45个百分点(P0.05)。海绵栓单只发情成本比硅胶栓低4元。两种阴道栓各有优缺点,生产中可结合现实情况选择应用。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.