芒果反季节开花结果的气候条件与技术措施

芒果反季节开花结果 ,在 11、12月份成熟 ,调节上市时间 ,或解决无正造果的生产问题 ,从而提高芒果生产的经济效益。据笔者多年来在生产实践中的观察 ,认为芒果反季节开花结果能否成功 ,取决于气候条件的影响与采取的技术措施。1　气候条件对开花结果的影响一般芒果反季节要求在 7、8、9月份花芽分化开花 ,而在这个时期水分是影响芒果的花芽分化的主要因素 (见下表 )。芒果反季节开花结果与雨水的关系年份 降雨量(ｃｍ)总株数(株 )开花株数(株 )总产量(ｋｇ)199830 2 380 2 32 6 96 3199946 6 380 116 2 32 62 0 0 0 5 0 7380 13 2 6 3注 :…     

应用多效唑调控杧果开花结果综述

应用多效唑调控杧果开花结果综述王才发（中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所湛江５２４０９１）在华南果产区，已有较大面积应用多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）诱导开花结果，实行反季节生产，可避开不良天气影响，提高经济效益。现将有关文献资料综述于下。１施用方法施用方法...     

秀珍菇设施化栽培的出菇管理技术

设施化反季节秀珍菇的发展,填补了因季节因素造成的产品断档、供应不足的问题,延长了秀珍菇市场的销售时间。然而秀珍菇反季节生产受高温天气的影响,出菇管理难度较大,直接影响了秀珍菇的高产及稳产。近年来,我们采取低温处理、湿差刺激、催蕾护蕾、补水增养等关键技术措施,解决了高温、干旱季节栽培秀珍菇的技术问题,达到了优质、高产、高效的目的。现将秀珍菇反季节栽培的主要出菇管理技术介绍如下：     

不良天气对渭北红富士成熟期的影响及对策

本文以2016~2018年苹果成熟期不良天气对苹果生产的影响为例,分析了干旱、连阴雨天气对苹果生产的影响,并提出了改造老果园、果园生草、增强树势、科学除袋、合理调控肥水、药物综合防治等技术措施。     

寒害对日光温室反季节蔬菜生产的影响研究

节能型日光温室是利用我国西北地区冬季的光热资源和时间空间，进行反季节蔬菜生产的高产高效农业生产方式。由于陇东地区冬季气候严寒而漫长，特别是突然袭来的寒流及持续3～6d的阴雪天气造成的寒害，对日光温室反季节蔬菜生产和区域经济发展构成了严重障碍。因此，对寒害这种灾害性天气发生的特点和规律进行研究，就显得十分必要。     

芒果低产园改造技术

位于广东省西南部的徐闻县,芒果栽培面积3000多公顷,已成为广东省主要芒果生产商品基地.但因过去建立芒果园中,有少数存在大、小年结果和低产园的问题,以致影响芒果生产的发展.为了改造芒果低产园提高单产,增加总产,现提出如下一些技术措施,供各地参考.     

园林绿化中大树反季节种植技术探析

随着我国经济的高速发展,城镇化的步伐加快,以及人民对美好环境的需求提高,越来越多的园林建设布局在城市建设中。而绿化施工时效性强,由于施工进程、管理和天气等影响,经常出现在工程施工中绿化施工环节反季节。因此研究绿化施工中反季节大树种植技术是提高绿化施工质量,减少投入经费,确保绿化成果的关键。     

渭北苹果成熟期不良天气对红富士生产的影响及对策

以2016-2018年苹果成熟期不良天气对苹果生产的影响为例,分析了干旱天气、连阴雨天气对苹果生产的影响,并提出了改造老果园、果园生草、增强树势、科学除袋、合理调控水肥、药物综合防治的应对措施。     

茄果类蔬菜冬春季设施管理技术要点

<正>茄果类蔬菜喜温喜光,但是西安地区冬春季气候特点是低温、寡照且灾害性天气频发,成为茄果类蔬菜反季节生产的制约因素。因此,在生产管理上要围绕延长光照时间、防寒保温、降低湿度等预防灾害性天气这条主线采取措施,确保冬春季茄果类蔬菜安全生产。     

西葫芦设施育苗技术

西葫芦在栽培上没有嫁接换根的习惯.但在反季节生产上,为提高西葫芦根系的耐低温性和吸收能力,也可采用嫁接苗. 1 育苗时期确定 育苗时期要根据当地气候和目标上市期确定.在正常气候状况下,嫁接西葫芦从育苗到采收上市需50天左右,而反季节西葫芦往往受灾害性天气影响,实际采收期将会推后10天左右.     

Long-day and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) enhances off-season field production

Experiments conducted over 2 years evaluated photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants for off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Plants were conditioned the first year with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks under ND or LD. The second year, plants were conditioned with ND or LD for 1 week followed by 1 to 6 weeks of 100 or 800 ppm nitrogen (N) under ND or LD. After conditioning, plants were established in plasticulture. Ripe fruit were harvested from August through October both years. LD conditioning enhanced precocity by approximately 9 days in both studies. Productivity was also enhanced by conditioning with LD or elevated N. Plants grown on silver or white mulch were more productive than those grown on black mulch in the first study, but not the second.     

关于联合生产研究进展的述评和展望

在系统查阅国内外生态经济学、农业经济学以及公共经济学期刊杂志中有关联合生产研究成果的基础上,结合退耕还林工程实施过程中内在机制、农户决策等方面的研究进展,对联合生产的基本概念、主要特点及其应用发展进行了系统的阐述和评论,并对农业生态经济联合生产进行了初步探讨。     

Conditioning is not needed for late summer and early fall production of June-planted ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in the plasticulture system

Two plant types [direct planted, cold-stored dormant crowns (crowns) or dormant crowns grown in a greenhouse for 3 weeks prior to field planting (plugs)] of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were evaluated in off-season field production under LD (long day: natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) or ND (natural daylength) in New Jersey, USA. After 1 week under LD or ND plants received either 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Inflorescence, runner, and branch crown production were monitored and fruit harvested from July through September. Field conditioning was ineffective for enhancing total yield of June-planted ‘Albion’ in off-season production. If early summer planting is anticipated, conditioning is not needed. Growing plugs in the greenhouse before transplanting to the production field is not beneficial and reduces productivity with the early summer plantings. Extending the daylength with continuous incandescent lighting to mimic LD during production is not recommended for early summer planting as productivity and fruit size are reduced under continuous low level lighting.     

Conditioning alleviates reduced yield of smaller plugs of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in off-season plasticulture production

The influences of plug size, planting density, and mulch colour on responses to photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants were evaluated in off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Three different sized plug plants (7.6 cm square pots, 24-cell plug trays, or 50-cell plug trays) were conditioned with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by ND plus 100 ppm nitrogen (N) for 4 weeks or LD plus 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Plants were then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch. In a second experiment, plug plants (439 cm³) were conditioned with LD and nitrogen then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch at 3 planting densities (0.46, 0.23, and 0.16 m²?plant^?1 (2, 4, and 6 plants?m^?2)). Fruit were harvested from August through October in both experiments. Conditioning enhanced off-season fall production. White plastic enhanced survival, productivity, and fruit size and larger plugs were more productive than smaller ones. If smaller plugs are desired, conditioning prevents the reduction in yield observed with non-conditioned smaller plugs.     

绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产关键技术研究

围绕绿叶蔬菜的清洁高效生产和均衡供应需求,借鉴日本、荷兰等国家植物工厂发展的先进经验,针对绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产的关键环节和技术突破点,以小白菜的工厂化生产为例,综述了品种选择、基质研发、肥水运筹、节能生产、绿色防控、物流加工、质量管理等关键设备与技术研究进展,探索符合中国国情的有机生态型绿叶蔬菜工厂化生产的可行性。     

重庆市水果生产现状及发展方向

重庆市水果业发展迅速,1997年水果面积达22万公顷,产量达84.9万吨,产值12亿元以上,在种养殖业中居第4位.本文在分析了重庆水果生产自然条件,品种资源优势及其问题的基础上,对柑桔和伏季水果生产的布局及发展作出了预测,并建议(1)加快品种结构调整和优质水果商品基地建设;(2)加强苗木管理执法和良繁体系建设(3)促进果品加工业和采购员后商品化体系及广告促销意识;(4)增加科技投入并健全科技服务体系;(5)强化宏观控制,推进产业化进程.     

Potassium Mineral Nutrition Combined with Sustained Deficit Irrigation to Improve Yield and Quality of a Late Season Peach Cultivar (Prunus persica L. cv ‘Chatos’)

ABSTRACT

Fruit quality traits are directly related to agronomic practices such as irrigation and fertilization, especially potassium supply since its effects on quality and water drought resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of potassium rate and application mode (in soil: 200S and 100S, foliar spray: 100F) with two irrigation regimes (FI: irrigation with 100%ETc and DI: irrigation with 66%ETc) on peach yield and quality parameters. The experiment was performed during two consecutive years. At harvest, only in the second year significant differences between treatments were observed in yield. In fact, potassium foliar spray, even in DI regime, improved yield. The fruit diameter was slightly affected by treatments in the first year. However, in the following season foliar potassium spray even in DI water regime increased fruit size. Concerning the firmness, no significant differences were observed in the first year except for the second year it decreased with DI strategy independently of potassium treatment. The soluble solids content was strongly affected by the treatments. The highest values were observed in 100F+DI treatment with no significant effect on acidity. Vegetative growth was affected only by water regime which DI reduced shoot length.     

夏季青菜工厂化育苗技术研究

为探讨夏季青菜采用工厂化育苗的应用效果,对直播和工厂化育苗2种不同播种方式下,青菜的各项生长指标和产量进行了比较,并对夏季青菜采用工厂化育苗的优缺点进行了总结,为夏季青菜及其他绿叶菜生产提供参考.     

三系配套辣椒制种壁蜂授粉技术应用初探

2016~2017年以人工授粉作为对照,进行了三系配套辣椒制种壁蜂授粉试验。结果表明:三系配套辣椒制种壁蜂授粉时父母本的最佳配比为1∶3,父本、母本相间栽培。壁蜂在温室中的适应性较好,辣椒坐果率、单株结果数、种子千粒重及制种产量均高于人工授粉,并大幅度降低了制种成本,每个温室成本降低86.7%。壁蜂授粉技术的应用在三系辣椒制种中具有可行性,且制种效果好。     

辽宁省果树栽培现状与发展对策

辽宁果树生产是振兴农村经济的主导产业之一,近几年呈高速发展态势。但是,在发展过程中也存在着诸多问题,如盲目发展,树种品种结构不合理,产业化滞后,产量低,质量差等。为使辽宁果树生产摆脱困境,再创辉煌,应采取相应对策,即稳定现有果树面积,优化树种,品种结构;加强科技成果推广,提高果树管理水平,提高果品质量;应用农业生物技术,保护生态环境,发展资源优势,加速果树产业化进程等。