不同西葫芦品种在互助地区露地栽培比较试验

为了筛选适宜在互助地区露地栽培的优良西葫芦品种,对4个西葫芦品种在互助地区露地栽培条件下的生育期、产量、植物学性状以及果实性状等方面进行比较分析。试验结果表明:综合表现最为优良的品种是早青一代,该品种具有较好的早熟性,属于矮生耐密植品种,同时瓜果肉厚度较厚,达到了1.31cm,单瓜重达到了550.65g,瓜果品质优良,产量达到了6422.2kg/667m~2,丰产性优良,是4个品种中最为丰产优质的品种。     

优质高产型水稻新品种"垦优2000"选育

垦优2000是以我国首批优质米品种"京越1号"为骨干亲本,与2个优良性状互补的品种杂交配组育成的水稻新品种,株型优良,丰产性好,稻米品质性状好.适宜在冀东和冀中等一季稻区种植.高产栽培的关键在于早播早插以调控合理的群体和注重后期的肥水管理.     

小麦品种早熟性与农艺性状相关性的研究

通过对５０个早熟品种各个生育阶段与成熟期的关系及其与农艺性状之间的相关关系研究，说明提高早熟性的关建是早拔节、早抽穗。探讨了优良农艺性状、高产性状与早熟性三者结合的途径，并筛选出１４个不同类型的早熟优异种质。     

厚皮甜瓜反季节无公害栽培

1．品种选择应选择“伊丽莎白”、“西薄洛托”等优良的早、中熟品种，此类品种产量高，品质好，风味佳，适应性广，抗逆性强，综合性状优良。     

高产稳产优质耐旱型水稻新品种金穗1号选育 及旱直播栽培技术

金穗1号是以花培品种“早花2号”为亲本,与优良性状互补的品种杂交配组育成的水稻新品种。既保持了水稻品种高产稳产抗性强品质优的特点,而且抗旱性突出,适合旱直播栽培。冀东旱直播高产栽培的关键在于早播,充分利用当地的气候条件。     

14个蟠桃品种（株系）田间性状评价

本文通过对１４个蟠桃品种（株系）的适应性和亲和性，裂果与流胶，丰产性，成熟期、果实品质等田间性状的综合评价，筛选出综合性状优良、不同成熟期配套的品种：新红早蟠桃、７６－２－１９，早露蟠桃、美国蟠桃、离核蟠桃，并对这些品种（株系）的主要性状作了介绍。     

黄河故道地区早中熟苹果新品种评价

国家苹果产业技术体系商丘综合试验站自2010年相继引进了夏红、早翠绿、华美、华硕、望香红等早中熟苹果品种,并观察其在黄河故道地区的表现;从果实性状、抗病性、成熟期等方面分析了不同早中熟品种在该地区推广种植的前景。结果表明,夏红、K12、华硕、国庆红(商丘市农林科学院育成)4个品种综合性状优良,可在黄河故道地区推广种植。     

早熟砂梨苏翠1号在湖北省钟祥市的引种与栽培表现

早熟砂梨[Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm. F.)Nakai]新品种苏翠1号于2019年引入湖北省钟祥市梨产区进行引种栽培。结果表明,该品种在钟祥市表现为早果性好,成熟期早,果个大,石细胞少,风味甘甜,品质优,丰产、稳产,综合性状优良,是适合钟祥市梨产区发展的极早熟优良砂梨品种。     

优质丰产型柞蚕品种882促早养殖技术

针对柞蚕品种882的优良性状,采用促早养殖技术,发现柞蚕品种882性状优势显著,可在磐石地区推广应用,为越区养殖柞蚕新品种提供参考。     

西北地区日光温室油桃优质高产栽培技术周年管理规程

大棚油桃生产首先要选择优良品种,品种要选需冷量少,树冠紧凑,成熟早,丰产性强,果实综合性状优良的品种,如曙光、艳光、丽春、千年红、早缸宝石等.1.     

Bt转基因抗螟虫粳稻新品系选育策略与进展

以克螟稻或其衍生抗虫材料为亲本,与农艺性状优良的粳稻品种杂交,经常规筛选、花药培养、分子辅助选择等手段进行选育,结果表明:采用分子辅助选择手段对育种材料进行检测,并通过加大双亲遗传距离,或采用与最新高产品种杂交,以及增加低世代(F2和F3)群体规模,均有利于打破克螟稻中转基因和其它不良基因可能存在的连锁关系,增加获得高产抗虫株系的机会,同时,发现回交、花培技术可以迅速获得B t转基因纯合的新品系。此外,采用上述方法育成了6个集高产和抗虫于一体的优良粳稻新品系,经品比试验和田间抗虫试验,选育出的转基因新品系较克螟稻极显著增产,其中1个新品系的产量与当前本地主栽品种(秀水63)相仿,田间表现高抗鳞翅目害虫。     

闽西北稻区稻瘟病防控措施

分析闽西北稻区实施稻瘟病防控措施的成效及存在问题,并介绍了因地制宜选用高产抗病品种,多品种种植,健身栽培增强抗病性,关键期喷药保护等防控关键技术。     

籼糯稻品种的产量构成特征和库源特性研究

为了阐明籼糯稻品种的高产限制因子和产量潜力,以原南方主栽的籼糯品种早糯717为对照,分析高产籼糯品种的产量构成特征和库源流特性。结果表明:杂优糯稻组合特优63糯高产的主要原因是生物产量高、库容量大,而未能充分发挥其高产潜力的原因是后期功能绿叶面积下降幅度快,干物质转化效率较低;籼糯稻高产育种,应朝着提高生物产量、提高每穗粒数方向开展,同时还要注重选择后期能维持较高绿叶面积且经济系数较高的株系。     

Relationship Between Grain Yield and Yield Components in Super Hybrid Rice

Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential.It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions,and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer's paddy fields.Field experiments were done in Changsha,Guidong,and Nanxian,Hunan Province,China,from 2007 to 2009.Eight super hybrid varieties,one common hybrid variety,and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year.Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding (Guidong),moderate-yielding (Nanxian),and low-yielding (Ningxiang) regions of Hunan Province,China,in 2009.Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation.Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years.Yield potential has been increased by 11.4％ in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties.The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size.Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1,and was positively related to grain yield in farmer's field at all of the high-,moderate-,and low-yielding regions.Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.     

Some critical considerations on rice high-yielding breeding in China

Views and comments concerning rice high-yielding breeding in China had been touched upon: (1) historical development of rice breeding in China and its prominent contributions recounted; current challenges evolved from rapid population increase, erosion of key natural resources and socioeconomic changes envisaged; (2) concept of extra or super high-yielding rice breeding and related ideas embraced nowadays in the main rice-producing countries assessed; the conception of so-called superrice in China could have been misled and misunderstood, and no substantial genetical differences could be affirmed yet between superrice and modern high-yielding rice; (3) two strategical approaches of rice production and breeding in China would have been persistent in the construction of most favorable-to-growth rice fields to plant rice varieties with high-yielding potentiality as well as renovation and rejuvenation of less favorable rice fields to plant most adaptable-to-ecoenvironment varieties with promising productivity; in addition, breeding for rice varieties compatible with the specific rice regions ridden by adverse ecoenvironments; (4) overview of the relationship between the development of genetical researches and the perspective of rice breeding; integration of the classical genetical principles and breeding methods and techniques wherefrom with molecular biotechniques underscored. Finally, appeal to the breeders to adhere to due attentions to the development of genetics and promote pragmatism and traditional ethic solemnly so as to live up to implementing the national rice breeding mandates. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2007, 30(1): 129–135 [译自: 南京农业大学学报]     

大豆超高产品种类型的设计与选育

报道了大豆超高产育种方面的进展。根据超高产育种目标 ,选育产量潜力达到 5 0 0 0kg/hm2 的品种 ,设计并选育了几个品种类型 :①群体最大叶面积指数为 5 5 ;②小叶、多分枝、紧凑型品种 ;③亚有限适宜密植型品种。试验表明 :这些品种类型都比较容易获得超过 4 0 0 0kg/hm2 的产量水平 ,具有 5 0 0 0kg/hm2 的产量潜力。系谱分析表明 ,这几个超高产品种中 ,吉林省本地血缘较少 ,仅为 1/ 16～ 5 / 16 ,相邻省的血缘各占约 1/ 4 ,其余为地理远缘     

长江上游地区高产杂交水稻品种部分株型因子及生理特征研究

以9个在上江上游地区产量表现良好的高产水稻品种以及汕优63为对象，通过研究它们上部3个叶片的角度和形态特征得出，剑叶角度与产量显著相关，高产品种的株型上部叶片挺立，角度小，更趋向于“上部紧凑型”的叶片配置。紧凑高产的株型叶片更显宽大，叶绿素和比叶重等叶片生理特征在生育期更为稳定，叶片后期活力更强。这些结论对长江上游地区的高产株型后续研究和育种选择都有一定的指导意义。     

水稻超高产潜力鉴定重要农艺性状因子分析

[目的]研究水稻(Oryza sativa L.)超高产品种的重要农艺性状及其相关性,明确水稻高产机理。[方法]选取有完整观测数据的水稻品种58个(含对照),2011年在云南永胜水稻综合试验站实施了水稻新品种高产潜力鉴定及筛选试验,考察全生育期、茎蘖数、主茎绿叶数、株高、茎高、茎基宽、剑叶高、穗高、穗颈高、伸长节间数、高峰苗、有效穗、成穗率、总粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量等指标。[结果]水稻在超高产条件下,生物产量因子的改进是提高水稻产量的重要手段;将产量分为有效穗与穗重两部分选择较合理,能最大程度地防止变量间的相关影响,还能针对不同时期有所侧重地选择指标,增加可操作性;重视水稻苗期生长势及生物产量选择。[结论]该研究可为水稻超高产育种及栽培提供理论依据。     

吉林省部分水稻主栽品种抗稻瘟病性的研究

应用我省稻区的82个稻瘟病菌株接种,分析了吉林省历年种植的水稻品种的抗瘟性。结果表明:近几年新育成的品种抗瘟性已有较大的提高,九稻41、通丰8号和九稻33的抗性优异,抗谱在95%以上,九稻44、吉玉粳、丰选2号、九稻46、九稻42、九稻39、超产1号、超级稻1号和通粘8号等品种的抗谱也较高。同一品种对不同地区菌株的抗谱有较大差异,生产上可根据其在不同地区的抗性表现合理搭配种植。