Decreased panicle N application alleviates the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and grain quality

Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production. However, few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China. It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen (N) application strategies that can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of light deficiency on grain yield and quality in rice. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of shading (non-shading and shading from heading to maturity) and panicle N application (N_DP, decreased panicle N rate; N_MP, medium panicle N rate; N_IP, increased panicle N rate) treatments on rice yield- and quality-related characteristics. Compared with non-shading, shading resulted in a 9.5–14.8% yield loss (P<0.05), mainly due to lower filled-grain percentage and grain weight. N_MP and N_IP had higher (P<0.05) grain yield than N_DP under non-shading, and no significant difference was observed in rice grain yield among N_DP, N_MP, and N_IP under shading. Compared with N_MP and N_IP, N_DP achieved less yield loss under shading because of the increased filled-grain percentage and grain weight. Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic rate after heading, as well as shoot biomass weight at maturity, shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the stem at maturity (P<0.05). The harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve of N_DP were increased under shading. Shading decreased (P<0.05) percentages of brown rice, milled rice, head rice, and amylose content while increasing (P<0.05) chalky rice percentage, chalky area, chalky degree, and grain protein. N_MP demonstrated a better milling quality under non-shading, while N_DP demonstrated under shading. N_DP exhibited both lower chalky rice percentage, chalky area, and chalky degree under non-shading and shading, compared with N_MP and N_IP. N_DP under shading decreased amylose content and breakdown but increased grain protein content and setback, contributing to similar overall palatability to non-shading. Our results suggested severe grain yield and quality penalty of rice when subjected to shading after heading. N_DP improved NSC remobilization, harvest index, and sink-filling efficiency and alleviated yield loss under shading. Besides, N_DP would maintain rice’s milling, appearance, and cooking and eating qualities under shading. Proper N management with a decreased panicle N rate could be adopted to mitigate the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and quality.     

Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.     

UV-B辐射增强对水稻产量及品质的影响

研究盆栽条件下,以2个粳稻品种沈农265和沈农606为试材,UV-B辐射对水稻产量及其品质的影响.试验设3个处理,分别为自然光及紫外辐射增强5%、10%.结果表明UV-B,辐射使作物的株有效穗数、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重下降,最终导致产量下降;籽粒的加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质都随辐射的增加而下降.     

播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响

  【目的】探讨麦后直播条件下播期对不同熟期类型水稻品种产量及品质的影响。【方法】以3种熟期类型的6个水稻品种为材料,通过分期播种试验,对不同播期条件下直播稻产量形成及品质性状进行分析。【结果】随着播期的推迟,3种熟期类型水稻品种产量均显著下降,且变化程度不一;产量的下降主要在于每穗颖花数和结实率的降低,穗数和千粒重变化不大。不同播期条件下直播稻的主要品质性状的变化规律在品种类型间有所异同：随着播期的推迟,产生相同效应的是外观品质和蒸煮与食味品质,但变化趋势不一,外观品质均呈变优的趋势,蒸煮与食味品质则呈变劣的趋势;产生不同效应的是加工品质和营养品质,推迟播期使中熟中粳和迟熟中粳类型品种的加工品质变优而营养品质变劣,早熟晚粳类型品种的加工品质变劣而营养品质变优。【结论】直播稻在前茬腾茬时间允许的条件下尽可能早播易取得高产,且可以改善稻米的蒸煮与食味品质,但降低了外观品质,播期对加工品质和营养品质的影响因品种熟期类型而异。     

弱光胁迫对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响

超级杂交稻在山丘地区的生态条件下容易展示超高产潜力,但在平原地区由于光照相对较少和灌浆期间的多阴寡照天气造成严重减产。以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻和高产常规稻代表品种为供试材料,在齐穗后设置过滤30%光照、60%光照和对照3 个处理,探讨不同遮光处理对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响。结果表明：超级杂交稻对弱光反应敏感,品种和遮光处理之间互作效应显著,齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻结实率和千粒重影响显 著、产量下降24.2%~52.8%,对每穗粒数和有效穗数影响不显著;齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻干物质积累影响显著,收获指数显著下降,特别是后期干物质积累量占总干物质比例显著下降,影响后期干物质的积累和转化。     

弱光胁迫对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响

超级杂交稻在山丘地区的生态条件下容易展示超高产潜力,但在平原地区由于光照相对较少和灌浆期间的多阴寡照天气造成严重减产.以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻和高产常规稻代表品种为供试材料,在齐穗后设置过滤30％光照、60％光照和对照3个处理,探讨不同遮光处理对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响.结果表明:超级杂交稻对弱光反应敏感,品种和遮光处理之间互作效应显著,齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻结实率和千粒重影响显著、产量下降24.2％～52.8％,对每穗粒数和有效穗数影响不显著;齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻干物质积累影响显著,收获指数显著下降,特别是后期干物质积累量占总干物质比例显著下降,影响后期干物质的积累和转化.     

粳稻米蒸煮食味品质与其他品质性状的典型相关分析

为探明粳稻米蒸煮食味品质性状与其他品质性状间的相互关系,选用2种穗型水稻,以其穗部位置不同的稻谷粒为试验材料,测定粳稻米蒸煮食味品质与其他品质性状进行典型相关分析。结果表明,粳稻米的蒸煮食味品质与粒形特征、垩白性状、碾磨品质、营养品质和淀粉RVA谱特征值显著相关。典型相关分析表明,蒸煮食味品质与淀粉RVA谱特征值和碾米品质相关性最高,与垩白性状相关度较高,与营养品质和粒形性状相关性相对较低。淀粉RVA谱特征因子主要通过峰黏度、冷胶黏度和热浆黏度对食味值、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度的作用来影响蒸煮食味品质优劣。碾磨因子则主要通过整精米率对直链淀粉含量的作用来影响蒸煮食味品质。垩白因子中主要通过透明度和垩白度的作用影响蒸煮食味品质。营养因子主要通过脂肪酸含量、清蛋白含量和谷蛋白含量对食味值、直链淀粉含量和糊化温度的作用而影响蒸煮食味品质好坏。粒形因子主要通过粒宽、粒长和长宽比对食味值和胶稠度的作用来影响蒸煮食味品质。淀粉RVA谱特征值可以作为评价粳米蒸煮食味品质优劣的首选指标。     

氮素穗肥对水稻垩白籽粒灌浆影响及与加工品质的关系

为明确垩白籽粒灌浆特性与稻米加工品质的关系及氮素穗肥调控效应，以高垩白水稻OM052为材料，设置追施氮素穗肥和不追肥处理，分析其物质生产、灌浆动态特征、加工品质及其对氮素穗肥的响应。结果表明：追施氮素穗肥显著增加了抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量，提高了籽粒灌浆的起始生长势，灌浆启动提早、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率增加，最大灌浆速率出现时间提前0.95 d，但活跃灌浆期缩短0.69 d。未追施氮素穗肥处理的籽粒灌浆启动滞后，灌浆速率小，且在达到最大灌浆速率后下降平缓而灌浆时间延长。追施氮素穗肥条件下稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率显著提高1.46%、2.52%和3.57%，加工品质得以改善。抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累及平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率分别与加工品质呈显著或极显著正相关，达到最大灌浆速率时间和活跃灌浆期与加工品质呈显著负相关。在保障抽穗至成熟期光合物质生产的基础上，协同优化籽粒灌浆特征参数有利于改善稻米的加工品质。     

湖南省水稻新品种产量构成因子与稻米品质性状的相关性研究

以湖南省14个水稻新品种为研究对象,分析了其产量构成因子与稻米品质性状的相关性。结果表明,单位面积有效穗数与穗长和每穗总粒数存在显著负相关关系;整精米率和胶稠度与垩白粒率和垩白度存在显著负相关关系;穗长和每穗总粒数与稻米胶稠度和整精米率存在显著正相关关系。所以,可将单位面积有效穗数、穗长和每穗总粒数作为选育高碾米品质、外观品质和蒸煮品质水稻新品种的依据。     

分蘖期干旱对不同施氮量和移栽密度下杂交稻产量及稻米品质的影响

以杂交稻旌优127为材料,设2种水分管理(常规灌溉和分蘖期干旱),2个施氮量(120、180 kg/hm~2),3个移栽密度(12.0、16.5、22.5穴/m~2),研究其对产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:2014年分蘖期干旱处理产量(10.72 t/hm~2)与常规灌溉产量(11.01 t/hm~2)相比未出现显著下降,而2015年分蘖期干旱处理产量(9.84 t/hm~2)显著低于常规灌溉处理的产量(10.50 t/hm~2),有效穗、每穗粒数、干物质减少是其减产的主要原因;分蘖期干旱处理下,随着施氮量的增加,产量呈增加趋势,而常规灌溉处理下,随着施氮量的增加,产量呈降低趋势;2种水分管理均随着移栽密度的增加产量呈显著增加趋势,有效穗和干物质增加是其增产的主要原因;分蘖期干旱处理的稻米加工品质、食味品质与常规灌溉相当,甚至更优,且其垩白粒率和垩白度较常规灌溉处理分别减少32.0%~46.5%、20.0%~34.8%。可见,对于分蘖期干旱易发水稻产区来说,增加施氮量和提高移栽密度可明显降低因分蘖期干旱而造成的产量损失,其适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm~2,移栽密度为22.5穴/m~2。     

Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application

Nitrogen is one of the important factors for high yield of rice. Apart from high yield, high quality has become the current urgent demand for rice production. Grain-filling stage is crucial for rice yield and quality formation. However, the effect of nitrogen on grain-filling characteristics and the relationship of grain-filling characteristics and rice quality of mid-season indica rice were still unclear. A field experiment was carried out to ascertain the critical grain-filling characteristics that contribute to rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality under nitrogen applications. The results showed that nitrogen applications prolonged the duration of superior and inferior grain filling. The mean grainfilling rate(G_(mean)) and the maximum grain-filling rate(G_(max)) of the inferior grains were positively correlated with chalky kernel rate, chalkiness, and amylose content. The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate(T_(max) G) of the inferior grains was positively correlated with brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate. Chalky kernel rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with peak paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity. Less amylose content and more crude protein content were detected in nitrogen application of Liangyoupei 9 and Y Liangyou 2 both in 2016 and 2017. According to the correlation analysis, better cooking and eating quality of Y Liangyou 2 which had less amylose content might result from its higher G_(max) and G_(mean) of inferior grain than that of Liangyoupei 9 in the treatments of nitrogen application. These results indicated that the prolonging grain-filling duration and increasing grain weight at the maximum grain-filling rate of inferior grains contributed to the improvement of milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking and eating quality of mid-season indica rice under appropriate nitrogen applications.     

秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对直播水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响

 【目的】探讨麦秸秆还田与施氮技术对直播水稻产量、品质的影响及氮肥利用效率的表现。【方法】以直播粳稻扬粳9538为材料进行大田对比试验,设置麦秸还田与不还田、实地氮肥管理（SSNM）和农民习惯施肥法（FFP）等处理,测定水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用效率。【结果】无论是SSNM还是FFP,与秸秆未还田相比,秸秆还田降低了单位面积穗数,提高了每穗粒数、结实率与千粒重,增加了产量,改善了稻米的外观品质与蒸煮品质。与FFP相比,SSNM显著提高水稻产量,降低了稻米蛋白质含量,改善了稻米的食味性。秸秆还田结合SSNM增大了籽粒最大灌浆速率与平均灌浆速率,缩短了活跃灌浆期,增加了粒重,并提高了氮收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】秸秆还田结合SSNM可增加产量,改善稻米品质,提高氮肥利用效率。     

不同种植方式对再生稻产量和品质的影响

以农香32为材料,采用抛秧、手插、直播3种种植方式,探讨不同种植方式对头季、再生季产量与产量构成以及稻米品质的影响效果。结果表明:头季稻的手插稻,因每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒质量较高,其产量最高,再生稻以抛秧种植的产量最高;抛秧、手插、直播的2季水稻总产量分别为11.42、11.33、9.84 t/hm~2,抛秧、手插的水稻产量较直播的分别高出16.2%、15.1%;头季稻的精米率和整精米率高于再生稻,但再生季稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度、长宽比等外观品质,蒸煮及营养品质均优于头季稻。综合分析,抛秧种植方式下的2季水稻的产量略高于手插稻,且稻米品质优良,是较好的再生稻种植方式。     

不同肥密条件处理对水稻产量与品质影响

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,在大田条件下建立了不同播种量、插秧密度和氮、磷、钾施用量处理的水稻群体,调查并模拟其产量和品质性状。试验结果表明:产量与氮肥施用量呈二次曲线趋势,氮肥施用量过多,会导致参试水稻品种贪青晚熟,籽粒不饱满,成粒率和千粒重下降,垩白增加,并使沈稻7号加工品质下降,但沈稻3号高产群体的需氮量超过沈稻7号。沈稻3号插秧穴距10～15cm时适量施用钾肥,沈稻7号插秧穴距15～20m时,适当施用氮、磷、钾肥,可以显著提高产量。扩大穴距,会减少单位面积穗数,但可显著增加每穗粒数。但插秧穴距超过20cm或每盘播种量超过80g会降低加工品质。单位面积穗数与每穗粒数间存在显著的负相关,糙米率、精米率、整精米率间存在显著的正相关,垩白度与垩白粒率间存在显著的正相关。     

水稻植株农艺性状与水稻品质的遗传相关性分析

以35个水稻杂交组合为材料,研究了一些属于不同遗传类型性状间的相关性。结果表明,控制植株农艺性状的遗传效应与影响水稻品质性状的遗传效应间存在较强的相关性。其中,以加性效应间的相关性最为明显;有效穗数、剑叶长宽比和谷粒宽等性状与品质性状间存在正相关,而株高、剑叶长、穗长、每穗粒数、谷粒长和谷粒长宽比等性状与水稻品质性状间存在负相关;有效穗数与糙米率等成对性状间的显性效应相关。     

No-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment

This study was conducted to determine whether, and if so how, the grain yield and nitrogen (N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage (NT) practices. A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, from 2004 to 2014. Grain yield and yield attributes (panicle number per m², spikelet number per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics (total N uptake, internal N-use efficiency, and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage (CT). A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics between CT and NT. Averaged across the 11 years, grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha^–1 and 20.2 kg t^–1 under CT and 9.33 t ha^–1 and 20.0 kg t^–1 under NT, respectively. There were significant yearly variations in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT. The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index. Also, it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements. It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT. The results of this study suggest that (1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings, and (2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.     

减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响

【目的】研究减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响,为机插杂交籼稻合理减氮提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115和F优498为试验材料,基于品种高产栽培施氮量（180 kg/ha,CK）,在贵州贵阳和湄潭2个试验点,研究不同减氮量[减氮30 kg/ha（N_-30）、减氮60 kg/ha（N_-60）和不施氮（N₀）]对机插杂交籼稻产量、加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的影响。【结果】在贵阳和湄潭试验点,减氮后机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质变化趋势基本一致,即随着减氮程度的增加,机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量均逐渐降低,稻谷加工品质（糙米率、精米率和整精米率）表现为先增加后降低,稻米外观品质（垩白粒率和垩白度）和蛋白质含量逐渐降低,而稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度和直链淀粉含量）均逐渐增加,综合食味值评分提高。与CK相比,减氮后机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量分别降低4.43%~35.08%和1.76%~38.77%,垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质分别降低2.08%~29.58%、3.57%~45.33%和3.10%~21.37%,胶稠度、直链淀粉含量和食味值分别提高3.89%~49.28%、0.52%~13.24%和0.25%~5.67%;同一减氮处理下两试验点稻谷加工品质变化趋势略有不同,但整体上差异较小。相关分析结果表明,实际产量与群体颖花量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01,下同）,且实际产量和群体颖花量与稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度、碱消值和食味值）大多呈显著（P<0.05,下同）或极显著负相关,与稻米加工品质（糙米率、精米率）、外观品质（垩白粒率、垩白度）和蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】适宜的减氮量（N_-30）能改善稻谷加工品质、稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,且产量仍能维持在9.80 t/ha以上,协同实现机插杂交籼稻稳产和优质;而过量减氮（N_-60和N₀处理）虽能提高稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,但稻谷加工品质有变劣趋势,且产量显著降低,难以实现机插杂交籼稻高产稳产。     

粳稻产量与品质性状间关系的研究

[目的]探明粳稻的产量构成因素以及品质性状间的关系。[方法]以2006年辽宁省区试中晚熟组的35个粳稻品种为试材,对水稻产量构成、品质性状及其相互关系进行了研究。[结果]参试材料的垩白率、垩白度和整精米率达标情况较差,是辽宁省水稻育种品质改良的重点;糙米率、精米率与垩白率呈显著负相关(r=-0.404*,-0.550**),成粒率与垩白率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.467**),表明提高成粒率有助于降低垩白从而提高碾磨品质;每穗颖花数与糙米率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.505**),与精米率负相关也达显著水平(r=-0.412*),而每穗颖花数又受到单位面积穗数的直接影响,产量及各产量构成因素对食味值的相关性不显著。[结论]适当降低每穗颖花数和提高成粒率、千粒重可在一定程度上协调粳稻产量与品质的矛盾。     

节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质影响的荟萃分析

【目的】 与持续淹水灌溉相比,节水灌溉能够提高水分利用率。但是,节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用Meta分析以探明节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质影响的综合效应。【方法】 在本研究中,以持续淹水灌溉为对照,节水灌溉为处理,筛选出了34篇文献,建立了包含263对观测值的数据库。利用Meta分析方法,针对不同试验类型、节水灌溉类型、种植制度、水稻类型、节水灌溉时期、土壤全氮、土壤质地、氮肥施用量及施用次数,探究了节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响。【结果】 从总效应来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质均无显著影响。从不同的节水灌溉类型来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,轻度节水灌溉显著提高了稻米糙米率（+0.9%）、精米率（+1.5%）和整精米率（+2.3%）,对水稻产量、垩白粒率、垩白度、长宽比、直链淀粉、胶稠度和蛋白质含量无显著影响;但是,重度节水灌溉显著降低了水稻产量（-22.1%）、糙米率（-2.7%）、精米率（-2.7%）和整精米率（-3.6%）,同时显著增加了稻米垩白粒率（+28.0%）和垩白度（+46.7%）,对稻米长宽比、直链淀粉、胶稠度和蛋白质含量影响不显著。此外,从不同的种植制度来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,在我国双季晚稻区进行节水灌溉显著降低了稻米蛋白质含量（-9.8%）;而在双季早稻区、中稻区和单季稻区进行节水灌溉对稻米蛋白质含量影响不显著。【结论】 与持续淹水灌溉相比,轻度节水灌溉显著提高了稻米加工品质,对水稻产量、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质影响不显著;重度节水灌溉显著降低了水稻产量、加工品质和外观品质,对蒸煮食味品质和营养品质影响不显著。本研究结果为评估节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响提供了数据支撑。     

Substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with optimal amount of crop straw improves rice grain yield,nutrient use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration

Crop straw return after harvest is considered an important way to achieve both agronomic and environmental benefits.  However, the appropriate amount of straw to substitute for fertilizer remains unclear.  A field experiment was performed from 2016 to 2018 to explore the effect of different amounts of straw to substitute for fertilizer on soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, grain yield, yield components, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, phosphorus (P) use efficiency, N surplus, and P surplus after rice harvesting.  Relative to mineral fertilization alone, straw substitution at 5 t ha^–1 improved the number of spikelets per panicle, effective panicle, seed setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield, and also increased the aboveground N and P uptake in rice.  Straw substitution exceeding 2.5 t ha^–1 increased the soil available N, P, and K concentrations as compared with mineral fertilization, and different amounts of straw substitution improved SOC storage compared with mineral fertilization.  Furthermore, straw substitution at 5 t ha^–1 decreased the N surplus and P surplus by up to 68.3 and 28.9%, respectively, compared to mineral fertilization.  Rice aboveground N and P uptake and soil properties together contributed 19.3% to the variation in rice grain yield and yield components.  Straw substitution at 5 t ha^–1, an optimal fertilization regime, improved soil properties, SOC storage, grain yield, yield components, N use efficiency (NUE), and P use efficiency (PUE) while simultaneously decreasing the risk of environmental contamination.