2008—2009年广西合浦甘蔗品种区试结果分析

2008—2009年广西甘蔗品种区域试验合浦试点结果表明:12个参试品种中桂糖02/770产量最高,分别比新台糖22号(CK1)和新台糖16号(CK2)增产18.3%和27.6%,但前期11月蔗糖分(9.8%)和平均蔗糖分(12.27%)较低。柳城03/1137比两对照分别增产9.4%和18.1%,蔗糖分13.44%,比CK1略高,比CK2略低。桂糖02/901和柳城03/182蔗茎产量比CK1略高,桂糖02/208和柳城03/296蔗茎产量比CK2高,比CK1略低,但4个品种(系)都表现早熟,前期11月蔗糖分分别为15.03%、14.36%、14.74%和13.78%,平均蔗糖分分别为15.52%、15.17%、15.41%和14.71%,明显高于两对照。桂糖02/833比两对照增产,但平均蔗糖分(12.16%)最低。桂糖01/122、桂糖02/133和桂糖02/1247蔗茎产量和蔗糖分表现均不突出。     

甘蔗品种(系)宿根性表现与甘蔗成本价格比较

2011年10个甘蔗宿根栽培试验结果表明:桂糖02-496宿根蔗茎产量最高,达108790 kg/hm2,比新台糖22号和新台糖16号增产17.4％和24.8％,增产极显著.但11月和12月份蔗糖分较低,平均蔗糖分11.97％,比新台糖22号和新台糖16号减1.61和1.46个百分点.原料蔗成本价格最低为358.63元/t,分别比新台糖22号(CK1)和新台糖16号(CK2)减少36.38元/t和51.77元/t,减少9.21％和12.61％.比两对照高产的还有桂辐98-296、桂糖04-2278、桂糖04-120、柳城03-362,但11月和12月份蔗糖分较低.桂糖02-796、玉林1号、桂糖04-153、桂糖04-2724、桂糖04-112的宿根蔗茎产量及蔗糖分表现均不突出.     

几个甘蔗新品种(系)对比试验初报

以柳城县蔗区的当家品种新台糖22号作对照,柳城05-136、桂糖03-2287、桂糖02-208等3个新品种(系)进行对比试验。经过2011年一年新植试验,结果表明:参试3个新品种(系)平均蔗茎产量、蔗糖分和单位面积含糖量均超过对照新台糖22号。蔗茎产量最高的是柳城05-136为5434kg/667m2,比对照增产17%,差异显著;其次是桂糖02-208平均产量为5377kg/667m2,比对照增产16%,差异显著;桂糖03-2287平均产量为4989公斤/667m2,比对照增产7%,差异不显著。平均蔗糖分从高到低依次为:柳城05-136、桂糖02-208、桂糖03-2287、新台糖22号。单位面积含糖量从高到低依次为:柳城05-136、桂糖02-208、桂糖03-2287、新台糖22号。柳城05-136、桂糖02-208单位面积含糖量与对照新台糖22号差异达显著水平,其他各品种间单位面积含糖量差异不显著。三个新品种(系),由于只进行一年的新植,对宿根性、耐寒性、耐旱性、糖分以及在不同土质的适应性等方面还待进一步观察,三个新品种(系)均值得继续在柳城扩大多点试种观察。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖33号的选育

桂糖33号(原编号桂糖02-770)是广西甘蔗研究所从桂糖69-156×新台糖22号杂交组合后代中选育的最新甘蔗优良品种。该品种表现为中熟、高糖、丰产、易剥叶等优良特性。2008—2009年广西区试结果显示,平均蔗茎产量114.83 t/hm2,分别比对照种CK1(ROC22)和CK2(ROC16)增产13.01%和22.90%,平均含糖量为15.81t/hm2,分别比CK1与CK2增产9.64%和17.02%。其中,新植蔗产蔗量为118.92 t/hm2,分别比CK1和CK2增产16.47%和26.19%;平均含糖量为16.42 t/hm2,分别比CK1与CK2增产14.58%和21.63%。该品种适应性广,蔗茎粗大且生长均匀,增产幅度大。该品种于2011年5月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定正式命名为桂糖33号。     

宿根性特强甘蔗新品种桂糖29号的选育

桂糖29号(原编号桂糖02-761)是广西甘蔗研究所从崖城94-46X新台糖22号杂交组合后代中选育的最新甘蔗优良品种.该品种表现为萌芽好,分蘖力强,植株较直立紧凑,中茎,有效茎数多,早熟高糖,丰产,宿根性特强.广西区试试验结果,平均蔗茎产量95.7t/h㎡,比CK2(ROC16)增产12.1%,与CK1(ROC22)相近,其中,宿根蔗产蔗量94.0t/h㎡,比CK1和CK2增产10.5%和19.4%;平均蔗糖分15.62%,比CK1和CK2高0.60和0.64个百分点;平均含糖量15.0t/h㎡,比CK1和CK2增产4.2%和17.2%.该品种适应性广,抗寒性明显优于ROC22.该品种于2010年5月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定正式命名为桂糖29号.     

桂糖03-2287新植蔗在广西不同蔗区的表现分析

为研究桂糖03-2287在广西不同生态区的适应性,为加快优良甘蔗新品种(系)的繁殖与推广提供试验依据,本试验以当地主栽品种新台糖22号为对照,在广西5个不同生态蔗区种植桂糖03-2287,调查分析新植蔗农艺性状和经济性状表现.结果表明,桂糖03-2287新植蔗平均株高、茎径和有效茎数等农艺性状均表现优于新白糖22;平均产蔗量为118.78t/ha,比新台糖22的101.87t/ha增产19.85％;平均蔗糖分为15.2％,比新台糖22的15.1％略高;桂糖03-2287的平均理论糖产量为18.10t/ha较新台糖22(15.27t/ha)高20.05％.桂糖03-2287与当地主栽品种新台糖22相比,表现出植株高大,中大茎,有效茎数多,高产,蔗糖分相当,抗病虫害能力强等优良特性,适应性广,具有较大的生产潜力.     

中大茎高产甘蔗新品种闽糖96-6016的选育

闽糖96-6016系福建省农业科学院甘蔗研究所从闽糖70-611×闽选703(Co1001)组合中选育出的一个甘蔗新品种。多年多点试验结果表明,闽糖96-6016平均蔗茎产量133.19t/hm2,分别比对照种闽糖70-611(CK1)、新台糖10号(CK2)、新台糖16号(CK3)增产12.5%、42.1%和22.6%;11～1月份平均蔗糖分(绝对值)14.10%;公顷含糖量18.768 t,分别比对照种闽糖70-611、新台糖10号、新台糖16号增糖15.7%、42.1%、14.4%。闽糖96-6016是一个中大茎、丰产高糖、农艺性状优良、适应性广的甘蔗新良种。     

桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗试验研究初报

【目的】探讨采用甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296种茎对新台糖22号宿根蔗直接补种对各自产量和蔗糖品质的影响,以有效地解决宿根蔗缺株断垄问题,延长宿根蔗年限,降低植蔗周期生产成本,为生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用桂辐98-296和新台糖22号种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根,调查补种的桂辐98-296、新台糖22号和新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现。【结果】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理产量为74.33t/hm2,分别比CK、新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理增产18.36、15.83t/hm2,且差异达极显著水平;新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理产量与CK差异不显著。直接补种不影响新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量和蔗糖分;补种的桂辐98-296的蔗糖分与新台糖22号宿根蔗相当。【结论】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗,可以增加单位面积有效茎数,提高单位面积产量;方法简单、高效、实用,有效延长了宿根年限,提高植蔗的经济效益。     

甘蔗新品种比较试验初报

通过甘蔗新品种比较试验。结果表明：蔗茎产量比对照新台糖22号增产的有园林6号，增产10．85％；蔗糖分比对照新台糖22号高的有桂糖02／237、园林6号、桂糖02／761、桂糖01／07，分别增加6．40％、3．53％、3．17％、1．02％；含糖量比对照新台糖22号高的是园林6号，增14．7％。蔗茎产量比对照新台糖16号高的有园林6号、桂糖99/181、桂糖02/761，分别增产25．1％、11．0％、1．4％；蔗糖分比对照新台糖16号高的有桂糖02／237、园林6号、桂糖02／761、桂糖01／07、桂糖02／476，分别增加10．36％、7．38％、7．01％、4．78％、0．99％；含糖量比对照新台糖16号高的有园林6号、桂糖02／761、桂糖99／181，分别增产34．30％、8．46％、1．56％。     

推广甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296,提高旱坡地单产及节本增效

桂辐98-296参加2010～2011年广西甘蔗区域品种试验,2年新植、1年宿根的平均产量109.16t/hm2,比对照种新台糖16号(CK2)87.42t/hm2、新台糖22号(CK1)92.31t/hm2分别增产24.86％和18.24％;平均蔗糖分14.33％,比(CK1)14.09％、(CK2)14.02％分别增0.24％(绝对值,下同)、0.31％.在参加国家农业科技成果转化资金项目的中试示范中,桂辐98-296平均产量103.29t/hm2,对照平均82.27t/hm2,增幅25.55％;平均蔗糖分15.22％,对照14.13％,比对照增1.09％.该品种丰产潜力大,参加高产示范,凭祥点:桂辐98-296产量为195.00t/hm2,比对照种新台糖22号149.25t/hm2增产31.49％;百色点:新植与宿根平均产量186.77t/hm2,比新台糖22号152.09t/hm2增幅达22.94;hm2含糖量28.60t,也比新台糖22号23.19t增幅达23.54％.桂辐98-296抗黑穗病、高抗花叶病,抗旱性、耐寒性强,宿根性好;在高海拔、高纬度蔗区也能种植;种植于旱坡地有利于增产、增糖及节本增效,建议在全国旱坡地蔗区推广应用.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.