基于计算机视觉的小麦收获边缘导航线提取方法

针对小麦收割边缘受到麦茬、土壤、光照等环境因素影响导致的导航线提取精度低、运行速度慢等问题,为实现小麦精准化收获作业而提出一种基于水平投影和梯度下降的小麦收获边缘导航线提取方法。首先通过LAB阈值分割、形态学滤波等进行图像分割,然后进行水平投影以提取出小麦收获边缘伪特征点,将伪特征点进行最小二乘拟合从而获得边缘特征点所在的ROI区域,并对该区域进行Canny边缘检测来提取出边缘特征点,最后利用梯度下降算法拟合出小麦收获边缘导航线,从而解决传统算法中所遇到的导航线拟合精度低、拟合速度慢等问题。试验结果表明：在小麦已收割和未收割区域对比度很低的情况下,处理一张分辨率为640像素×360像素的图像平均耗时163 ms,生成的导航基准线成功率高达95%,为智能农业机械在麦田中的自主行走提供一种可靠的、实时的导航方法。     

基于改进Hough变换的收获机器人行走目标直线检测

提出了基于改进随机Hough变换(RHT)的收获机器人行走目标直线检测算法.将摄像机安装在联合收获机的顶部,在收获过程中采集农田场景图像.根据已收获区域、未收获区域和非农田区域的不同颜色特征,利用统计分析和边缘检测,确定行走目标直线的终点位置以及直线方向上的候选点.以候选点为点集,采用改进RHT完成直线检测.与传统的RHT相比,避免了无效采样和累积问题.经过对多幅图片的处理,证明算法能够有效检测出直线参数,且处理时间在200 ms左右.     

基于高光谱成像技术的小麦条锈病病害程度分级方法

为了快速、准确地对小麦条锈病病害程度进行分级评估,提出了一种基于高光谱成像技术的小麦条锈病病害程度分级方法。首先利用Hyper SIS高光谱成像系统采集受条锈菌侵染后不同发病程度的小麦叶片高光谱图像,通过分析叶片区域与背景的光谱特征,对555 nm波长的特征图像进行阈值分割获得掩膜图像,并用掩膜图像对高光谱图像进行掩膜处理,提取仅含叶片的高光谱图像;然后用主成分分析法(Principal component analysis,PCA)得到利于条锈病病斑和健康区域分割的第2主成分(The second principal component,PC2)图像,采用最大类间方差法(Otsu)分割出条锈病病斑区域;最后根据条锈病病斑区域面积占叶片面积的比例对小麦条锈病病害程度进行分级。试验结果表明:测试的270个不同小麦条锈病病害等级的叶片样本中,265个样本可被正确分级,分级正确率为98.15%。该研究为田间小麦条锈病害程度评估提供了基础,也为小麦条锈病抗性鉴定方法提供了新思路。     

SAR遥感图像中农田区域识别与检测方法研究

为实现对SAR遥感图像中农田种植区域的精确识别与检测,利用特征提取、多种分类器、图像融合、相关判决等方法,实现对SAR遥感图像中农田种植区域的精确识别与检测。通过分析合成雷达孔径背景,介绍合成孔径雷达图像农田种植区域的特征提取及识别检测方法,结合PCA融合方式证明SAR图像能有效实现对农田区域的精确识别与检测。最后提出一种基于多分类器集成学习的SAR图像农田区域识别与检测方法,试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于改进U-Net模型的小麦收获含杂率在线检测方法

含杂率是小麦机械化收获重要指标之一,但现阶段我国小麦收获过程含杂率在线检测难以实现。为了实现小麦机械化收获过程含杂率在线检测,本文提出基于结合注意力的改进U-Net模型的小麦机收含杂率在线检测方法。以机收小麦样本图像为基础,采用Labelme手工标注图像,并通过随机旋转、缩放、剪切、水平镜像对图像进行增强,构建基础图像数据集;设计了结合注意力的改进U-Net模型分类识别模型,并在torch 1.2.0深度学习框架下实现模型的离线训练;将最优的离线模型移植到Nvidia jetson tx2开发套件上,设计了基于图像信息的含杂率量化模型,从而实现小麦机械化收获含杂率在线检测。试验结果表明：针对不同模型的训练结果,结合注意力的改进U-Net模型籽粒和杂质分割识别F1值分别为76.64%和85.70%,比标准U-Net高10.33个百分点和2.86个百分点,比DeepLabV3提高10.22个百分点和11.62个百分点,比PSPNet提高18.40个百分点和14.67个百分点,结合注意力的改进U-Net模型对小麦籽粒和杂质的识别效果最好;在台架试验和田间试验中,装置在线检测含杂率均值分别为1...     

收获作业时小麦倒伏检测方法

作物倒伏不仅会造成产量和质量的降低,还会影响农业机械的自动化收割。为此,提出了一种收获作业时小麦倒伏检测方法,根据不同反射面介质对激光信号的反射特性不同,用实测的数据对激光回波信号强度信息进行统计界定;同时,基于界定结果,提出了一种融合激光距离的强度信息中值滤波算法,实现了结合激光距离信息和强度信息对小麦割茬区、倒伏区和未倒伏作物区的识别;最后,试验验证了方法的可行性,为联合收割机后续智能作业研究提供了理论依据。     

基于纹理频谱的农田景物区域检测

为实现对复杂农田景物区域检测,将原始图像做多层直方图均衡化预处理,然后基于边缘的存在会干扰所在局部区域的纹理特征的思想,提出了一种基于纹理谱的区域检测方法;并以收获季节农田景物区域检测为例,通过实验证明这个方法是可靠的,能够得到期望的有效区域。     

激光及X射线肉图像同步采集系统设计及实验

提出了一种不规则肉碎骨图像检测方法,设计了一种基于激光三角法以及软X射线技术的肉碎骨图像采集的在线检测系统。该系统由X射线图像采集部分、激光图像采集部分、机械传输部分、PLC控制系统部分和图像处理系统组成。采用小型单元式PLC作为控制核心,检测肉位置和触发激光及X射线采集图像,肉图像采集软件在Visual C#2008环境下结合环境下结合HALCON函数库实现,系统调试运行正常,可实时同步采集肉动态激光图像及X射线图像。利用肉激光图像和X射线图像进行图像融合实验。结果表明,小波算法速度快,融合后的图像失真少,更加接近于原X射线图像,更有利于肉图像碎骨信息的提取。     

田间背景下小麦叶尖生长点提取

采用机器视觉可以实时监测作物长势,然而由于受到复杂背景和变化光照的影响,田间小麦图像叶尖生长点提取难度较大,因此本文提出一种基于深度信息进行区域生长来分割图像并提取小麦叶尖生长点的图像处理方法。首先,根据作物颜色特征去除背景,采用Canny算子检测小麦边缘,然后通过双目视觉技术,获取视差图;然后根据深度信息赋予不同的灰度值,并通过灰度阈值分割仅保留前排小麦深度图,以前排小麦深度图为种子点进行区域生长,得到前排小麦图像;最后检测小麦深度图叶尖,并将其作为初始位置,查找彩色图像前排小麦真实叶尖。结果表明该方法提取准确率为75%,能有效克服复杂背景和纹理的影响,满足应用需求,为植株生长监测提供技术支撑。     

图像处理在割台高度控制系统中的应用

基于图像处理技术提出了一种倒伏小麦的检测方法.首先,对田间倒伏小麦进行图像采集,进而探讨了基于颜色特征的图像识别方法.通过对彩色图像灰度化以及灰度反色处理后,再选取中值滤波法去除噪声,最后用高斯-拉普拉斯算子边缘检测方法提取图像边缘,得出倒伏小麦与正常小麦之间的高度差,据此控制收割机割台的高度.此方法可降低倒伏小麦造成的颗粒损失,提高农业生产机械的自动化水平,降低劳动者的劳动强度.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。