浙东白鹅与句容四季鹅生产性能的比较

对浙东白鹅和句容四季鹅1～10周龄体重和10周龄体尺、屠宰性能及胸肌肉品质等性状进行研究.结果表明:浙东白鹅1～10周龄体重均极显著地高于句容四季鹅(P＜0.01);浙东白鹅除10周龄胸深与句容四季鹅没有显著的差异(P＞0.05)外,10周龄体斜长、龙骨长、颈长、胸宽、胫长、胫围和半潜水长均与句容四季鹅存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),反映浙东白鹅早期生长发育强度明显高于句容四季鹅.浙东白鹅10周龄半净膛屠宰率、全净膛屠宰率、胸肌率、腹脂率、心重、肌胃重和肝重与句容四季鹅之间均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),两者10周龄腺胃重之间存在显著的差异(P＜0.05).浙东白鹅10周龄胸肌的OD值、剪切力及胸肌的失水率与句容四季鹅之间均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01).     

浙东白鹅与三花鹅在凉山州饲养的生长性能观测

为了解浙东白鹅和三花鹅在凉山州的生长适应性,本试验分别对3批浙东白鹅和2批三花鹅进行了生长性能观测,测定其10周龄平均体重和成活率。结果显示：3批10周龄浙东白鹅的平均体重分别为3 762.46±459.91 g、4 228.34±497.64 g和3 783.23±416.23 g,成活率分别为91.95%、94.55%和93.31%;2批10周龄三花鹅的平均体重分别为3 092.23±522.63 g和3 993.83±351.38 g,成活率分别为91.21%和85.14%。本研究表明浙东白鹅和三花鹅在凉山州的适应性均比较良好,可以引入饲养。     

浙东白鹅网上平养与地面平养效果的比较研究

为研究不同养殖模式对浙东白鹅周体重、料重比、常规养分消化率、屠宰肉质性状和养殖成本的影响,选取1日龄浙东白鹅120只,随机分成2组,分别采用传统地面平养和网上平养2种模式饲养至10周龄。结果表明:网上平养模式下肉鹅各检测指标没有显著性差异(P0.05),但对比其生产成本和养殖密度,网上平养模式优势明显。     

浙东白鹅初生体重、体尺和免疫器官的测定

浙东白鹅是我国著名的中型肉鹅地方良种,其早期生长速度快、肉质鲜嫩、抗病力强,为充分挖掘浙东白鹅的遗传潜力,对其进行产业化开发,我们进行了浙东白鹅种质测定试验。1材料和方法1.1试验材料试验鹅来自象山县种鹅场的浙东白鹅选育种群的种苗鹅。1.2试验方法浙东白鹅种苗鹅出壳     

浙东白鹅的前世,今生和前途（四）

6浙东白鹅东山再起,外拓市场的启示浙东白鹅的繁殖性能比不上四川白鹅,更不用说东北的籽鹅了,低的繁殖性能制约了它的发展。因为苗成本高,外面了解浙东白鹅的人不多,而其肉质较好,本地人又喜欢消费它,故一直在浙东区域有一定的养殖规模。其实,浙东区域的浙东白鹅养殖也经历了市场的选择,也经历了四川白鹅冲击、杂交鹅冲击,直到2005年才确定绝对优势市场地位。     

提高浙东白鹅繁殖性能研究

浙东白鹅属白羽、中型鹅种的优良地方品种，以其早期生长迅速、肉质鲜美、经济性状好而闻名。目前，浙东白鹅生产区以宁波为中心，遍及绍兴、舟山、台州等地区，年饲养量达４００余万羽。象山县有传统的养鹅历史，年饲养量达８０万羽左右。本研究的目的是在基本保持浙东白鹅肉质好、早期生长速度快等优良性能的前提下，通过引进体型相似、繁殖性能好的优良鹅种进行杂交试验，以提高浙东白鹅的繁殖性能，现将结果报告如下：１　材料和方法１．１　杂交种鹅（Ｃ）　从１９９５年１月引进的３００羽种雏中选择。１．２　浙东白鹅（Ｚ）　选自象…     

湘白鹅生长发育规律及产肉性能的研究

试验旨在研究湘白鹅的生长发育规律及产肉性能。选用雌、雄湘白鹅各50只,分别在0~12周龄称重,利用Logistic曲线方程对雌、雄湘白鹅各周龄的体重变化进行拟合;12周龄时随机挑选雌、雄湘白鹅各8只屠宰,测定体尺指标及产肉性能。结果表明：①湘白鹅1~6周出现体重增长高峰,7~12周相对稳定;4周龄后,雄鹅体重显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）高于雌鹅;雌、雄鹅Logistic生长曲线模型的拟合度均高达0.988以上,雌鹅生长曲线拐点为5周龄,雄鹅为5.2周龄;雌、雄鹅4周龄体重与12周龄体重的相关系数分别为0.512、0.561（P<0.01）。②12周龄雄鹅的体斜长、龙骨长、胫长和半潜水长均高于雌鹅,差异显著（P<0.05）。③12周龄雄鹅活重显著大于雌鹅（P<0.05）。④湘白鹅屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别为88.25%、67.93%、13.03%和13.76%。综合以上结果,湘白鹅生长较快,产肉性能良好,雌、雄鹅生长发育、体尺指标及产肉性能之间存在一定差异,雄鹅优于雌鹅。     

浙东白鹅生长曲线及拟合分析

运用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性模型对浙东白鹅0~8周龄的生长曲线进行分析及拟合比较。结果表明,浙东白鹅公、母鹅在3周龄前生长曲线基本一致,之后一直到8周龄公鹅明显高于母鹅;3种曲线模型拟合度均达到0.99以上,其中Gompertz曲线模型在拟合度和预测极限生长量拐点周龄和最大周增重等方面相对较好。进一步分析结果表明,浙东白鹅公鹅的拐点体重高于母鹅,拐点周龄性别间差异不大。本研究对不同性别浙东白鹅的生长模式及其对营养环境的需求进行了初步探讨,为开展浙东白鹅的规模化养殖提供参考。     

吉林白鹅肉用品系生长发育及产肉性能研究

试验选择同日龄吉林白鹅和吉林本地健康鹅各100只,对体重和体尺指标进行了测定及相关分析,并进行了10周龄屠宰性能的测定.结果表明:吉林白鹅肉用品系早期生长快,其中1～3周龄生长强度较大;4～10周龄体重增加迅速,10周龄体重可达4.8 kg;10周龄后相对生长速度减慢.吉林白鹅肉用品系体重与体长、胸宽和胸骨长的相关系数较大.10周龄吉林白鹅肉用品系屠宰体重比吉林本地鹅高1.33 kg,全净膛率和半净膛率分别达到78.1%和84.2%(P<0.01),料重比显著降低(P<0.05).     

浙江省上虞市养鹅业现状与前影展望

一上虞市养鹅历史回顾在改革开放初期或之前．浙江省上虞市的养鹅数量还是很多的,当时农村70％～80％的家庭每批会养10只以下的浙东白鹅,一年养4－5批,大致为冬至鹅、过年鹅、上坟鹅、端午鹅及末代鹅。有关浙东白鹅的资料介绍亦将上虞称为养鹅大县．当时上虞年出栏白鹅应在30万只以上。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.